Please help support CiteULike by taking part in our survey.
CiteULike is a free online bibliography manager. Register and you can start organising your references online.

The Structure of Collaborative Tagging Systems

(18 Aug 2005)

X Abstract

Collaborative tagging describes the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords to shared content. Recently, collaborative tagging has grown in popularity on the web, on sites that allow users to tag bookmarks, photographs and other content. In this paper we analyze the structure of collaborative tagging systems as well as their dynamical aspects. Specifically, we discovered regularities in user activity, tag frequencies, kinds of tags used, bursts of popularity in bookmarking and a remarkable stability in the relative proportions of tags within a given url. We also present a dynamical model of collaborative tagging that predicts these stable patterns and relates them to imitation and shared knowledge.

View the full article here:

arXiv (abstract), arXiv (PDF)

This article has been bookmarked 323 times, initially on 2005-08-27.

2009-11-04 User aosbat
2009-11-03 User lucybuykx
2009-11-02 User pajoma
2009-10-20 User borkurdotnet
2009-10-18 Group BergmanLab
User cisevol
2009-10-16 User Lucavax
2009-10-14 User nandipati
User jzm10nyc
2009-10-11 User makrehchi
2009-10-08 User xomic
User k12musicman
2009-10-04 User mboehmer
2009-09-29 User andreacapocci
2009-09-28 User szymek
User arjen
User ekrsulov
2009-09-25 Group Information Integration Architecture
User mxro
2009-09-24 User zpinhead
2009-09-18 User MariaChiaraP
Group eLearning in Leicester
User AJCann
User thegoose
2009-09-17 User AnthonySoprano
User kevinemamy
2009-09-05 User alhoori
2009-08-12 User sirdjsmith
2009-08-03 User mrt2k9
2009-07-27 User ganden
2009-05-13 User maplover
2009-04-27 User spiritjoy
2009-04-06 User wmdeneve
2009-04-02 User christianholz
2009-03-30 Group ssw
User cgl
2009-03-04 User janicewarner
2009-02-26 User POPB
2009-02-23 User jkstewart
User bluelena69
2009-02-21 User VGreiff
2009-02-12 User cimbrone
2008-11-22 User narroyo
2008-11-18 User dullhunk
2008-11-01 User eduardodiaz
2008-09-13 User trisha
2008-08-30 User KOKI0001
2008-08-20 User vanesam
x
2008-07-29 User uhland
2008-07-27 User randomname
2008-07-24 User teddyyo
2008-07-08 User betaparticle
2008-07-06 User azollers
2008-06-30 User fryanpan
2008-06-26 User michellutz
2008-06-18 User ctreude
2008-06-02 User gconaldi
2008-05-29 User Tonsertorben
2008-05-20 User paulovn
User wangyiding
2008-05-03 User janetyc
2008-05-02 User donade
User gionis
2008-04-22 User Mohan-S
2008-04-18 Group ACS
2008-04-15 Group Social Web
User chirayu_kong
2008-04-11 User acslab
2008-04-08 User eitelman
2008-03-28 User cherhan
2008-03-04 User arasbm
2008-02-24 User Deathweaver
2008-02-21 User bluecricket
2008-01-10 User tolosoft
2008-01-02 User abellogin
2007-12-30 User cmschweda
2007-12-28 User MarkLaurent
2007-12-21 User alkal
2007-12-13 User dmolla
2007-12-06 User kenneth1ny
2007-12-02 User callatax
2007-11-29 User pool
2007-11-21 User ffloeck
2007-11-18 User choisyster
2007-11-15 User lxh468
2007-11-12 User Skinner
2007-11-11 User Procyon
2007-11-07 User markasoper
2007-10-23 User GJNauta
2007-09-28 Group Library 2.0
2007-09-04 User blamb
2007-08-23 User markymaypo
Group ARTFL
2007-08-16 User PatParslow
Group MeAggregator
User shirleyearley , 1 note

a study of tags and the patterns of use.

2007-08-16 11:49:29
2007-08-15 User RunningHorse
2007-08-05 User cb9345
2007-07-31 User jmankoff
Group CMU-HCII
Group Footprints
2007-07-25 User mjchernyk
2007-07-19 User JSicot
2007-07-17 User amarois
2007-06-28 User ramonovelar
2007-06-18 User kaineci
2007-06-15 User yuyuyu
2007-06-12 User justaube
2007-06-08 User cavalo
2007-06-06 User jenna
2007-06-05 User jryall-tags
2007-06-02 User jima
2007-06-01 User menjo , 1 note

協調タギングシステムとしてのdel.icio.usの解析。

利用者とタグの関連や,ウェブページのブックマーク数および付与された個々のタグ数について解析。

2007-06-01 09:20:19
2007-05-31 User ricardoaraujo
2007-05-29 User ungethym
User JimFolk
Group CSU_School_of_Education
Group Web2-0_Education
2007-05-27 User telekas
2007-05-24 User discopatrick
2007-05-23 User AlisonBabeu
User chiapet
2007-05-20 User PaulBHartzog
2007-05-18 User laurobeltrao
2007-05-10 User anansi
User libah
2007-05-06 User rastrol7
2007-05-04 User lnani
2007-05-03 User thorisalaptop
2007-04-23 User ocool
User ilya
Group STS
Group OpenVanilla
Group localization
2007-04-22 User j_hsieh
Group ilyajune
Group Foresight
User worksmarts
2007-04-20 User ChaTo , 1 note

Model for collaborative tagging

Regularities in user activity

"tagging is like filtering"

Levels of description vary (e.g.: computing > programming > javascript)

Uses delicious data.

Explores relationships between #bookmarks, avg. #tags (unrelated)

Studies popularity of a bookmark over time, most of the bookmarks arrive quickly: "Of the 212 popular URLs in our dataset, 67% reached their peak in popularity in their first 10 days, 17% on the first day. However, at the end of the spectrum, 17% were in the delicious system at least 6 months before reaching their peak of popularity"

Consensus emerges after some time on which are the tags that an item should have ... the tag set for a particular URLs stabilizes. This is not explained entirely by imitation.

2007-04-20 17:24:50
2007-04-17 User azygmunt
Group AGH-IISG
2007-03-26 User hanshee
User quinkell
2007-03-16 User takeha-e
2007-03-09 User carolh12
User abonchen
2007-03-07 User frankieta
2007-03-05 User pauldonner
2007-02-27 User bangb
2007-02-22 User mistermagister
2007-02-21 User echi
2007-02-08 User hqcspring
2007-02-06 User dpdearing
User mook3000
2007-02-01 User mattlandau
2007-01-29 User searchy
2007-01-25 User jrhode
Group SocialMedia
Group EdTech
Group FacDev
Group TeachOnline
User abetaha
2007-01-22 User elsantosneto
2007-01-21 User wrijneveld
2007-01-20 User simons
2007-01-18 User timothee
2007-01-17 User magnusenger
Group OpenArchive
User benhockenberry
User Bernd
Group TaggingAndSemantics
2007-01-12 User davidleitner
2007-01-06 User flavian_vasile
User cyph3r
Group kickOffTUG-Robocup
2007-01-01 User sabunome
2006-12-28 User mzygmunt
2006-12-26 User josepe
2006-12-21 User fnarne
2006-12-20 User vikx01
2006-12-16 User harryzou
2006-12-09 User astab
2006-12-05 User MoritzStefaner
User KYati
2006-11-23 User mp4man
2006-11-12 User mettadata
2006-11-10 User Tellima
2006-11-07 User GregorSuhr
2006-11-04 User starchaser , 1 note

HP's research on del.icio.us

2006-11-04 15:34:18
2006-10-30 User toben82
2006-10-05 User jstowe
2006-08-31 User KathrinJanke
2006-08-28 User lanubile
Group CDG
2006-08-22 User mbraly
2006-08-21 User Jaykul
2006-08-20 User naufraghi
2006-08-16 User sids
Group oktave-labs
2006-08-03 User bug
2006-07-31 User cristinaalp
2006-07-17 User majak
Group FAL
2006-07-13 User dalooza
2006-07-12 User brunomelo
Group AI
2006-07-10 User rgb
Group pileWorks
2006-07-09 User avivagabriel
User eduardocruz
Group RiSE
2006-07-03 User itst
2006-06-28 User alisonruth
Group SITCRC
2006-06-18 User Sulpicus
2006-06-15 User myudelson
Group ComplexAdaptiveSystems
2006-06-10 User brusilovsky
Group social_navigation
Group Adaptive-Web
User cronopio1979
2006-06-08 User entropy
2006-06-07 User shashikant
2006-06-02 User craigtalbert
2006-06-01 User PhilipEvans
2006-05-26 User twetering
2006-05-17 User dk1357
2006-05-11 User rashford
Group WatzekLibrary
Group EnvironmentalStudies
2006-05-10 User omo
2006-05-09 User lag
2006-05-07 User yanbe , 1 note

One of eariest work analyzed tagging activity in social tagging systems which includes some important insights.

2008-11-20 03:59:13
2006-05-03 User deynard
2006-05-02 User ak
2006-04-28 User fukken
2006-04-27 User krisl
2006-04-26 User ianturton , 1 note

interesting introduction

2007-01-31 19:07:11
2006-04-21 User msn
2006-04-18 User ayanos
User wasp
2006-04-14 User meikipp
2006-04-12 User hopst901
User palakorn
Group Drexel-HCI
Group Drexel-eVoting
2006-04-03 User gphroh
User tyfn
Group ETEC533
2006-03-29 User styliani
2006-03-24 User ElFishski
User jodi
2006-03-14 User xrzhao
2006-03-12 User darcyduke
Group SFX-Verde-team-MITLibraries
2006-03-09 User beatty
2006-02-27 User shilad
Group GroupLens
User tintos
2006-02-24 User claudioferreira , 1 note

_EGC/colab/tags.pdf

http://127.0.0.1:800/_myd/exec.php?str=_EGC/colab/tags.pdf

2006-02-24 19:23:05
2006-02-20 User ansobol
2006-02-19 User kaz24
2006-02-11 User cc286
Group Librarians
2006-02-08 User robertodandi
2006-02-07 User cveres
2006-02-01 User weelassie
User technocrat
2006-01-27 User dartar
2006-01-24 User schade
2006-01-13 User rickl
2006-01-09 User luise
User kapil1312
2005-12-29 User yishuai
2005-12-24 User ericyu
2005-12-21 User ohkura
Group nlab
2005-12-04 User pdlug
2005-11-30 User jryall
Group CHISEL
2005-11-28 User karimlakhani
2005-11-27 User pmounier
Group Sciences_communication_societe
2005-11-26 User draggin
Group Blog_and_Wiki_Research
2005-11-23 User rabourn
2005-11-17 User scottmoody
Group semantic-multicast-routing
User yish
Group mathgamespatterns
Group dtl
Group vds-arg
Group eni
2005-11-10 User sachac , 1 note

Good list of tag functions:

  • Who/what about
  • What it is
  • Who owns it
  • Refining categories
  • Qualities or characteristics
  • Self-reference
  • Task organizing

Other insights:

  • Tag functions range from useful-to-others to useful-to-self.
  • Levels of expertise and need affects tagging
  • Tagging proportion tends to settle down
  • Number of tags not related to number of bookmarks
  • Popularity externally-driven
  • More general tags used first
2005-11-10 20:25:58
Group utoronto-iml
2005-11-07 User weimer
2005-11-06 User garyfeng
Group ReadingLab
User elainelally
2005-10-20 User Jenneke
Group CSCW
Group folksonomy
2005-10-13 User ldietz
User zelig
2005-10-10 User mcphee
User holidaynow
2005-10-01 User cephas
2005-09-24 User jomeyertons
2005-09-22 User ecolab
Group Web2
2005-09-16 User jgodara
2005-09-15 User A_Olympia
2005-09-14 User korakot
2005-09-13 User nettraq
Group Philosophy_of_Information
User jrsinclair , 1 note

A good article with two distinct parts. 1) A discussion of some of the categorisation issues with folksonomies in the introduction, 2) An analysis of how tags are used on the del.icio.us bookmarking service.

2005-09-13 04:00:42
2005-09-07 User nkorf
Group Semantic-Social-Networks
2005-09-03 User wcrosbie
Group CoP_CMS
2005-08-27 User FG
User xxc
Group Wikipedia
Privacy Statement | Terms & Conditions
CiteULike organises scholarly (or academic) papers or literature and provides bibliographic (which means it makes bibliographies) for universities and higher education establishments. It helps undergraduates and postgraduates. People studying for PhDs or in postdoctoral (postdoc) positions. The service is similar in scope to EndNote or RefWorks or any other reference manager like BibTeX, but it is a social bookmarking service for scientists and humanities researchers.