Molecular self-assembly recently has attracted considerable attention for its use in the design and fabrication of nanostructures leading to the development of advanced materials (1, 2). The self-assembly of biomolecular building blocks plays an increasingly important role in the discovery of new materials and scaffolds (3, 4), with a wide range of applications in nanotechnology and medical technologies such as regenerative medicine and drug delivery systems (5, 6). Recently, Shuguang etc. reported a class of self-complementary peptide that spontaneously self-assemble to form interwoven nanofibers in the presence of monovalent cations (8-10). These nanofibers further form a hydrogel consisting of greater than 99.5% water. The constituent of the hydrogel scaffold is made of peptides with alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids. The self-assembling peptide scaffolds have been demonstrated to serve as substrate for tissue-cell attachment, extensive neurite outgrowth, and formation of active nerve connections. Thus, the nanofiber hydrogel can be used as a permissive biological material for culturing cells in a three-dimensional environment (9). In another attempt to exploit the intrinsic self-assembly of peptides as an avenue to emerging materials, Aggeli et al. (11, 12) have designed different short peptides that self-assemble in nonaqueous solvent into long, semiflexible, polymeric beta-sheet peptide nanotapes.In broadening the diversity of the building blocks of self-assembling peptides for scaffolds and biological materials. Sylvain et at. designed another class of amphiphilic surfactant-like peptides(REFERENCE). These 7-8-residue peptides, each 2 nm in length, have properties very similar to those observed in biological surfactant molecules. They have a hydrophilic head group of aspartic acid at the C terminus, and a lipophilic tail made of hydrophobic amino acids such as leucine, Nanotubes and nanovesicles from this class of surfactant-like peptides are one of the simplest systems that can lead to formation of the well defined complex structures.It is anticipated that self-assemblies and fine-tuning of the surfactant peptide building blocks will lead to construction of a wide range of nanostructures, fostering innovative avenues for the development of scaffold and biologically inspired materials.