Reducing Immunization Discomfort in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial Export

@article{citeulike:5143707, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The goal was to test a multifaceted distraction method designed to reduce injection-associated pain in school-aged children. METHODS: A clinical trial evaluated 41 children, 4 to 6 years of age, who were given 3 standard prekindergarten immunizations; 21 were assigned randomly to an office routine control group, whereas 20 received a multifaceted, discomfort-reducing intervention. The intervention added verbal suggestions of diminished sensation and a visual focusing activity to the use of ethyl chloride, an established pain-reducing measure. The distraction materials used for the intervention consisted of topical ethyl chloride spray, an improvised, plastic, multipronged arm gripper, and a vibrating instrument descending on the contralateral arm, which provided the focusing task and visual distraction. RESULTS: According to patient and parent Faces Pain Scale-Revised scores and nonblinded, video-taped observations scored according to the face-legs-activity-crying-consolability method, the intervention group showed highly significant reductions in pain and discomfort, compared with the control group (patient self-report, P < .0013; parent report, P < .0002; observation score, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: This multifaceted distraction intervention reduced significantly the pain and discomfort of childhood immunizations in children 4 to 6 years of age. 10.1542/peds.2007-3466}, author = {Berberich, F. Ralph and Landman, Zachary}, citeulike-article-id = {5143707}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3466}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/124/2/e203}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19596729}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=19596729}, day = {1}, doi = {10.1542/peds.2007-3466}, journal = {Pediatrics}, keywords = {immunization, pain}, month = {August}, number = {2}, pages = {e203--209}, posted-at = {2009-07-14 06:09:11}, priority = {4}, title = {Reducing Immunization Discomfort in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3466}, volume = {124}, year = {2009} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:5143707 L3 - citeulike-article-id:5143707 N2 - OBJECTIVE: The goal was to test a multifaceted distraction method designed to reduce injection-associated pain in school-aged children. METHODS: A clinical trial evaluated 41 children, 4 to 6 years of age, who were given 3 standard prekindergarten immunizations; 21 were assigned randomly to an office routine control group, whereas 20 received a multifaceted, discomfort-reducing intervention. The intervention added verbal suggestions of diminished sensation and a visual focusing activity to the use of ethyl chloride, an established pain-reducing measure. The distraction materials used for the intervention consisted of topical ethyl chloride spray, an improvised, plastic, multipronged arm gripper, and a vibrating instrument descending on the contralateral arm, which provided the focusing task and visual distraction. RESULTS: According to patient and parent Faces Pain Scale-Revised scores and nonblinded, video-taped observations scored according to the face-legs-activity-crying-consolability method, the intervention group showed highly significant reductions in pain and discomfort, compared with the control group (patient self-report, P < .0013; parent report, P < .0002; observation score, P < .0001). CONCLUSION: This multifaceted distraction intervention reduced significantly the pain and discomfort of childhood immunizations in children 4 to 6 years of age. 10.1542/peds.2007-3466 IS - 2 JF - Pediatrics EP - 209 TI - Reducing Immunization Discomfort in 4- to 6-Year-Old Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial VL - 124 SP - e203 KW - immunization KW - pain AU - Berberich, Ralph AU - Landman, Zachary PY - 2009/08/01/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-3466 ER -