Expression profiling in primates reveals a rapid evolution of human transcription factors. Export

@article{citeulike:540889, abstract = {Although it has been hypothesized for thirty years that many human adaptations are likely to be due to changes in gene regulation, almost nothing is known about the modes of natural selection acting on regulation in primates. Here we identify a set of genes for which expression is evolving under natural selection. We use a new multi-species complementary DNA array to compare steady-state messenger RNA levels in liver tissues within and between humans, chimpanzees, orangutans and rhesus macaques. Using estimates from a linear mixed model, we identify a set of genes for which expression levels have remained constant across the entire phylogeny (approximately 70 million years), and are therefore likely to be under stabilizing selection. Among the top candidates are five genes with expression levels that have previously been shown to be altered in liver carcinoma. We also find a number of genes with similar expression levels among non-human primates but significantly elevated or reduced expression in the human lineage, features that point to the action of directional selection. Among the gene set with a human-specific increase in expression, there is an excess of transcription factors; the same is not true for genes with increased expression in chimpanzee.}, author = {Gilad, Yoav and Oshlack, Alicia and Smyth, Gordon K. and Speed, Terence P. and White, Kevin P.}, citeulike-article-id = {540889}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04559}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04559}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16525476}, citeulike-linkout-3 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=16525476}, day = {9}, doi = {10.1038/nature04559}, issn = {1476-4687}, journal = {Nature}, keywords = {evolution, expression, primates}, month = {March}, number = {7081}, pages = {242--245}, posted-at = {2006-04-28 16:09:09}, priority = {2}, title = {Expression profiling in primates reveals a rapid evolution of human transcription factors.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04559}, volume = {440}, year = {2006} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:540889 L3 - citeulike-article-id:540889 N2 - Although it has been hypothesized for thirty years that many human adaptations are likely to be due to changes in gene regulation, almost nothing is known about the modes of natural selection acting on regulation in primates. Here we identify a set of genes for which expression is evolving under natural selection. We use a new multi-species complementary DNA array to compare steady-state messenger RNA levels in liver tissues within and between humans, chimpanzees, orangutans and rhesus macaques. Using estimates from a linear mixed model, we identify a set of genes for which expression levels have remained constant across the entire phylogeny (approximately 70 million years), and are therefore likely to be under stabilizing selection. Among the top candidates are five genes with expression levels that have previously been shown to be altered in liver carcinoma. We also find a number of genes with similar expression levels among non-human primates but significantly elevated or reduced expression in the human lineage, features that point to the action of directional selection. Among the gene set with a human-specific increase in expression, there is an excess of transcription factors; the same is not true for genes with increased expression in chimpanzee. IS - 7081 JF - Nature SN - 1476-4687 EP - 245 TI - Expression profiling in primates reveals a rapid evolution of human transcription factors. VL - 440 SP - 242 KW - evolution KW - expression KW - primates AU - Gilad, Yoav AU - Oshlack, Alicia AU - Smyth, Gordon AU - Speed, Terence AU - White, Kevin PY - 2006/03/09/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04559 ER -