Creative Commons and the Openness of Open Access

The Internet has inspired multiple movements toward greater openness ? most prominently, open access, open data, open science, and open educational resources. None of these is based on the belief that there should be such a thing as a free lunch, but each recognizes that the Internet changes the economics of publication and digital-resource sharing so that changes can feasibly be made to traditional practices that are in some ways ?closed,? requiring payment for access to information or prohibiting myriad reuses of accessible information. The quality of ?openness? applies to both the terms of access and the terms of use. . . .