Levels and loops: the future of artificial intelligence and neuroscience Export

@article{citeulike:1603759, abstract = {In discussing artificial intelligence and neuroscience, I will focus on two themes. The first is the universality of cycles (or loops): sets of variables that affect each other in such a way that any feed-forward account of causality and control, while informative, is misleading. The second theme is based around the observation that a computer is an intrinsically dualistic entity, with its physical set-up designed so as not to interfere with its logical set-up, which executes the computation. The brain is different. When analysed empirically at several different levels (cellular, molecular), it appears that there is no satisfactory way to separate a physical brain model (or algorithm, or representation), from a physical implementational substrate. When program and implementation are inseparable and thus interfere with each other, a dualistic point-of-view is impossible. Forced by empiricism into a monistic perspective, the brain-mind appears as neither embodied by or embedded in physical reality, but rather as identical to physical reality. This perspective has implications for the future of science and society. I will approach these from a negative point-of-view, by critiquing some of our millennial culture's popular projected futures.}, author = {Bell, A. J.}, citeulike-article-id = {1603759}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0540}, day = {29}, doi = {10.1098/rstb.1999.0540}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, keywords = {artificial-intelligence}, month = {December}, number = {1392}, pages = {2013--2020}, posted-at = {2007-08-29 07:25:19}, priority = {0}, title = {Levels and loops: the future of artificial intelligence and neuroscience}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0540}, volume = {354}, year = {1999} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:1603759 L3 - citeulike-article-id:1603759 N2 - In discussing artificial intelligence and neuroscience, I will focus on two themes. The first is the universality of cycles (or loops): sets of variables that affect each other in such a way that any feed-forward account of causality and control, while informative, is misleading. The second theme is based around the observation that a computer is an intrinsically dualistic entity, with its physical set-up designed so as not to interfere with its logical set-up, which executes the computation. The brain is different. When analysed empirically at several different levels (cellular, molecular), it appears that there is no satisfactory way to separate a physical brain model (or algorithm, or representation), from a physical implementational substrate. When program and implementation are inseparable and thus interfere with each other, a dualistic point-of-view is impossible. Forced by empiricism into a monistic perspective, the brain-mind appears as neither embodied by or embedded in physical reality, but rather as identical to physical reality. This perspective has implications for the future of science and society. I will approach these from a negative point-of-view, by critiquing some of our millennial culture's popular projected futures. IS - 1392 JF - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences EP - 2020 TI - Levels and loops: the future of artificial intelligence and neuroscience VL - 354 SP - 2013 KW - artificial-intelligence AU - Bell, AJ PY - 1999/12/29/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0540 ER -