Marine and intermodal terminals today face a significant challenge in managing a rapidly increasing volume of container freight while maintaining a consistent level of service to their customers. In evaluating their alternatives, terminals must wrestle with competing goals: maximizing the operational effectiveness of the infrastructure design and operating plan, while minimizing adverse impacts on the environment due to land or waterway usage, construction, and vessel or vehicle emissions. Discrete-event simulation can be a valuable technology to help understand and quantify the tradeoffs involved in proposed strategic and operational improvements.