In early 2003, the Brazilian Government launched a plan to combat deforestation in the Amazon. By 2004–05, the rate of deforestation – which had leapt to a ten-year high – had returned to its 25-year average of about 18,000km2 a year.13 In 2004, however, Greenpeace started to document a powerful newcomer beginning to operate at the frontier of Amazon destruction: the soya industry. Through field investigations, aerial surveillance, interviews with affected communities, industry and political actors, analysis of Brazilian Government satellite and export data, tracking of shipments to the international market and a host of other research techniques, Greenpeace has built up a preliminary picture of this devastating new industry. This report represents our initial findings.