Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. Export

@article{citeulike:4735231, abstract = {Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction and may be accompanied by mental retardation and epilepsy. Its cause remains unknown, despite evidence that genetic, environmental, and immunological factors may play a role in its pathogenesis. To investigate whether immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of autism, we used immunocytochemistry, cytokine protein arrays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from autistic patients and determined the magnitude of neuroglial and inflammatory reactions and their cytokine expression profiles. Brain tissues from cerebellum, midfrontal, and cingulate gyrus obtained at autopsy from 11 patients with autism were used for morphological studies. Fresh-frozen tissues available from seven patients and CSF from six living autistic patients were used for cytokine protein profiling. We demonstrate an active neuroinflammatory process in the cerebral cortex, white matter, and notably in cerebellum of autistic patients. Immunocytochemical studies showed marked activation of microglia and astroglia, and cytokine profiling indicated that macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor growth factor-beta1, derived from neuroglia, were the most prevalent cytokines in brain tissues. CSF showed a unique proinflammatory profile of cytokines, including a marked increase in MCP-1. Our findings indicate that innate neuroimmune reactions play a pathogenic role in an undefined proportion of autistic patients, suggesting that future therapies might involve modifying neuroglial responses in the brain.}, author = {Vargas, D. L. and Nascimbene, C. and Krishnan, C. and Zimmerman, A. W. and Pardo, C. A.}, citeulike-article-id = {4735231}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20315}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://view.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15546155}, citeulike-linkout-2 = {http://www.hubmed.org/display.cgi?uids=15546155}, doi = {10.1002/ana.20315}, issn = {0364-5134}, journal = {Annals of neurology}, keywords = {autism, neuroglial\_activation, neuroinflammation}, month = {January}, number = {1}, pages = {67--81}, posted-at = {2009-06-03 17:47:33}, priority = {3}, title = {Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism.}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20315}, volume = {57}, year = {2005} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:4735231 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4735231 N2 - Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication and social interaction and may be accompanied by mental retardation and epilepsy. Its cause remains unknown, despite evidence that genetic, environmental, and immunological factors may play a role in its pathogenesis. To investigate whether immune-mediated mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of autism, we used immunocytochemistry, cytokine protein arrays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study brain tissues and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from autistic patients and determined the magnitude of neuroglial and inflammatory reactions and their cytokine expression profiles. Brain tissues from cerebellum, midfrontal, and cingulate gyrus obtained at autopsy from 11 patients with autism were used for morphological studies. Fresh-frozen tissues available from seven patients and CSF from six living autistic patients were used for cytokine protein profiling. We demonstrate an active neuroinflammatory process in the cerebral cortex, white matter, and notably in cerebellum of autistic patients. Immunocytochemical studies showed marked activation of microglia and astroglia, and cytokine profiling indicated that macrophage chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and tumor growth factor-beta1, derived from neuroglia, were the most prevalent cytokines in brain tissues. CSF showed a unique proinflammatory profile of cytokines, including a marked increase in MCP-1. Our findings indicate that innate neuroimmune reactions play a pathogenic role in an undefined proportion of autistic patients, suggesting that future therapies might involve modifying neuroglial responses in the brain. IS - 1 JF - Annals of neurology SN - 0364-5134 EP - 81 TI - Neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation in the brain of patients with autism. VL - 57 SP - 67 KW - autism KW - neuroglial_activation KW - neuroinflammation AU - Vargas, DL AU - Nascimbene, C AU - Krishnan, C AU - Zimmerman, AW AU - Pardo, CA PY - 2005/01// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ana.20315 ER -