Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome are similar disorders that are characterized by persistent pain and muscle fatigue that does not resolve after rest. The underlying cause of these two disorders has not been determined. Our recent study of patients with CFS and/or FMS provided evidence that both adrenergic and cytokine activity are altered in these patients. Preliminary research, using mouse models, indicated that neuronal signaling systems for muscle pain and fatigue after exercise are dependent upon specific ion channel receptors including ASIC3, TRPV1, and receptors in the P2X family. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the symptoms of both CFS and FMS may be caused by the metabolic dysregulation of ASIC3, TRPV1, and P2X4 and or P2X5. Alterations in the expression of these molecular receptors may be caused by or may be secondary to changes in various metabolite levels including lactate, ATP, and changes in pH that these receptors detect. In order to determine the relationship between these specific receptors and their ligands in patients and control subjects, blood is drawn and analyzed before and at four specific time points following participation in a moderate physical exertion activity. CBC analysis, and seralogical tests, along with real-time PCR are used to compare changes in gene expression compared to the initial baseline values. Analysis of human leukocyte PCR data confirms that patients with Chronic Fatigue and/or Fibromyalgia Syndrome show a marked increase in ASIC3, TRPV1, and P2X4,5 receptors 24 and 48 hours after exercise although the changes are different for each condition. We conjecture that ASIC3, TRPV1, and P2X4,5 receptor increases in response to exercise may contribute to the excessive fatigue and pain symptoms experienced by patients with Chronic Fatigue and Fibromyalgia Syndromes.