Genetics of eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III. Export

@article{citeulike:3290641, abstract = {The transcription of nucleus-encoded genes in eukaryotes is performed by three distinct RNA polymerases termed I, II, and III, each of which is a complex enzyme composed of more than 10 subunits. The isolation of genes encoding subunits of eukaryotic RNA polymerases from a wide spectrum of organisms has confirmed previous biochemical and immunological data indicating that all three enzymes are closely related in structures that have been conserved in evolution. Each RNA polymerase is an enzyme complex composed of two large subunits that are homologous to the two largest subunits of prokaryotic RNA polymerases and are associated with smaller polypeptides, some of which are common to two or to all three eukaryotic enzymes. This remarkable conservation of structure most probably underlies a conservation of function and emphasizes the likelihood that information gained from the study of RNA polymerases from one organism will be applicable to others. The recent isolation of many mutations affecting the structure and/or function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases now makes it feasible to begin integrating genetic and biochemical information from various species in order to develop a picture of these enzymes. The picture of eukaryotic RNA polymerases depicted in this article emphasizes the role(s) of different polypeptide regions in interaction with other subunits, cofactors, substrates, inhibitors, or accessory transcription factors, as well as the requirement for these interactions in transcription initiation, elongation, pausing, termination, and/or enzyme assembly. Most mutations described here have been isolated in eukaryotic organisms that have well-developed experimental genetic systems as well as amenable biochemistry, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. When relevant, mutations affecting regions of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase that are conserved among eukaryotes and prokaryotes are also presented. In addition to providing information about the structure and function of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, the study of mutations and of the pleiotropic phenotypes they imposed has underscored the central role played by these enzymes in many fundamental processes such as development and cellular differentiation.}, author = {Archambault, J. and Friesen, J. D.}, citeulike-article-id = {3290641}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://www.wormbase.org/db/misc/paper?name=WBPaper00012038}, journal = {Microbiological Reviews}, keywords = {alleles, amanitins\_pharmacology, amino\_acid\_sequence, article, bacterial\_proteins\_chemistry, bacterial\_proteins\_genetics, base\_sequence, c\_elegans, caenorhabditis\_elegans, caenorhabditis\_elegans\_enzymology, caenorhabditis\_elegans\_genetics, celegans, consensus\_sequence, drosophila\_melanogaster\_enzymology, drosophila\_melanogaster\_genetics, elegans, escherichia\_coli\_genetics, eukaryotic\_cells\_enzymology, fungal\_proteins\_chemistry, fungal\_proteins\_genetics, gene\_expression\_regulation, genes\_structural, molecular\_sequence\_data, mutation, nematode, phenotype, protein\_conformation, rna\_polymerase\_i\_chemistry, rna\_polymerase\_i\_genetics, rna\_polymerase\_ii\_antagonists\_and\_inhibitors, rna\_polymerase\_ii\_chemistry, rna\_polymerase\_ii\_genetics, rna\_polymerase\_iii\_chemistry, rna\_polymerase\_iii\_genetics, saccharomyces\_cerevisiae\_enzymology, saccharomyces\_cerevisiae\_genetics, sequence\_alignment, sequence\_homology\_amino\_acid, transcription\_factors\_metabolism, transcription\_genetic, wormbase}, pages = {703--724}, posted-at = {2008-09-18 21:43:33}, priority = {3}, title = {Genetics of eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III.}, url = {http://www.wormbase.org/db/misc/paper?name=WBPaper00012038}, volume = {57}, year = {1993} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:3290641 L3 - citeulike-article-id:3290641 N2 - The transcription of nucleus-encoded genes in eukaryotes is performed by three distinct RNA polymerases termed I, II, and III, each of which is a complex enzyme composed of more than 10 subunits. The isolation of genes encoding subunits of eukaryotic RNA polymerases from a wide spectrum of organisms has confirmed previous biochemical and immunological data indicating that all three enzymes are closely related in structures that have been conserved in evolution. Each RNA polymerase is an enzyme complex composed of two large subunits that are homologous to the two largest subunits of prokaryotic RNA polymerases and are associated with smaller polypeptides, some of which are common to two or to all three eukaryotic enzymes. This remarkable conservation of structure most probably underlies a conservation of function and emphasizes the likelihood that information gained from the study of RNA polymerases from one organism will be applicable to others. The recent isolation of many mutations affecting the structure and/or function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases now makes it feasible to begin integrating genetic and biochemical information from various species in order to develop a picture of these enzymes. The picture of eukaryotic RNA polymerases depicted in this article emphasizes the role(s) of different polypeptide regions in interaction with other subunits, cofactors, substrates, inhibitors, or accessory transcription factors, as well as the requirement for these interactions in transcription initiation, elongation, pausing, termination, and/or enzyme assembly. Most mutations described here have been isolated in eukaryotic organisms that have well-developed experimental genetic systems as well as amenable biochemistry, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans. When relevant, mutations affecting regions of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase that are conserved among eukaryotes and prokaryotes are also presented. In addition to providing information about the structure and function of eukaryotic RNA polymerases, the study of mutations and of the pleiotropic phenotypes they imposed has underscored the central role played by these enzymes in many fundamental processes such as development and cellular differentiation. JF - Microbiological Reviews EP - 724 TI - Genetics of eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II, and III. VL - 57 SP - 703 KW - alleles KW - amanitins_pharmacology KW - amino_acid_sequence KW - article KW - bacterial_proteins_chemistry KW - bacterial_proteins_genetics KW - base_sequence KW - c_elegans KW - caenorhabditis_elegans KW - caenorhabditis_elegans_enzymology KW - caenorhabditis_elegans_genetics KW - celegans KW - consensus_sequence KW - drosophila_melanogaster_enzymology KW - drosophila_melanogaster_genetics KW - elegans KW - escherichia_coli_genetics KW - eukaryotic_cells_enzymology KW - fungal_proteins_chemistry KW - fungal_proteins_genetics KW - gene_expression_regulation KW - genes_structural KW - molecular_sequence_data KW - mutation KW - nematode KW - phenotype KW - protein_conformation KW - rna_polymerase_i_chemistry KW - rna_polymerase_i_genetics KW - rna_polymerase_ii_antagonists_and_inhibitors KW - rna_polymerase_ii_chemistry KW - rna_polymerase_ii_genetics KW - rna_polymerase_iii_chemistry KW - rna_polymerase_iii_genetics KW - saccharomyces_cerevisiae_enzymology KW - saccharomyces_cerevisiae_genetics KW - sequence_alignment KW - sequence_homology_amino_acid KW - transcription_factors_metabolism KW - transcription_genetic KW - wormbase AU - Archambault, J AU - Friesen, JD PY - 1993/// UR - http://www.wormbase.org/db/misc/paper?name=WBPaper00012038 ER -