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Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy, Vol. 27, No. 1. (2004), pp. 18-21.
Abstract
Purpose: Elderly patients are at high risk for falls due, in part, to the loss of sensation in the lower extremities. This study examined the effectiveness of a comprehensive therapy intervention that included monochromatic infrared photo energy for improving foot sensation, balance, and fall status. Methods: Thirty-eight patients, average age 78 years, participated in this study.All patients lacked protective sensation in the lower extremities (documented by the Semmes Weinstein 5.07 monofilament),demonstrated a significant fall risk based on Tinetti scores, and had a history of falling. Patients participated in a mean 12 ...
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil, Vol. 82, No. 12. (December 2001), pp. 1650-1654.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of symmetrical body-weight distribution training in preventing falls among patients with hemiplegic stroke. DESIGN: A prospective study using a standing biofeedback trainer. SETTING: Hospital-based rehabilitation units. PATIENTS: Fifty-four patients with hemiplegic stroke (30 in the training group, 24 in the control group). INTERVENTIONS: Conventional stroke rehabilitation program, plus symmetrical standing training and repetitive sit-to-stand training, with a standing biofeedback trainer. Training effect was evaluated by assessing the sit-to-stand performance and comparing the occurrence of falls in ...
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Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja, Vol. 10, No. 5. (t 2008), pp. 496-507.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: To determine the respective efficacy of two different instruction programmes designed to aid the elderly in rising unassisted after an incidental fall. METHODS: The 12-week study covered 120 recent fallers (age range: 80-90 years) randomly split into two study groups: Group I (61 subjects; 41F, 20M), Group II (59 subjects 37F, 22M). Group I followed a programme combining safe postural shifts and the backward-chaining method, whereas Group II (controls) took part in conventional training to rise unassisted after a fall. ...
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Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, Vol. 22, No. 5. (2008), pp. 468-475.
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neurorehabilitation, Vol. 18 (2003), pp. 251-259.
Abstract
In this paper we present a mechanical apparatus and methods named BalanceReTrainer for standing-balance training in neurologically impaired individuals. BalanceReTrainer provides an impaired individual with a fall-safe balancing environment, where the balancing efforts of a standing individual are augmented by stabilizing forces acting at the level of pelvis in the sagittal and frontal planes of motion, assisting the balancing activity ankle and hip muscles and at the level of shanks, assisting the knee extensor muscles. A range of different levels of ...
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journal of American Geriatric Society, Vol. 53 (2005), pp. 416-423.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of two different community-based group exercise programs on functional balance, mobility, postural reflexes, and falls in older adults with chronic stroke. DESIGN: A randomized, clinical trial. SETTING: Community center. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-one community-dwelling older adults with chronic stroke. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to an agility (n = 30) or stretching/weight-shifting (n = 31) exercise group. Both groups exercised three times a week for 10 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were assessed before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention for Berg Balance, ...
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journal of American Geriatric Society, Vol. 55, No. 4. (April 2007), pp. 489-498.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To decrease the rate of falls in high-risk community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Community-based. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred forty-nine adults aged 65 and older with two falls in the previous year or one fall in the previous 2 years with injury or balance problems. INTERVENTION: Subjects received two in-home visits from a trained nurse or physical therapist who assessed falls risk factors using an algorithm. The intervention consisted of recommendations to the subject and their primary physician, referrals to physical therapy and ...
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Osteoporosis International, Vol. 18, No. 5. (May 2007), pp. 611-619.
Abstract
Summary Our protocol resulted in a significant prevention of falls and fractures in addition to marked improvements in the balance function. Intervention comprised a new balance exercise and quadriceps femoris exercise. Subjects were outpatients aged ≥65 years old with musculoskeletal disorders who had a result of ≤15 s for the timed one-leg balance test. Introduction A study on chronological changes in the level of required care revealed that the level of care increases markedly for older patients requiring non-intensive or ...
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Journal of American Geriatric Society, Vol. 56 (2008), pp. 600-608.
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate outcomes associated with falls clinic programs. Design: Longitudinal. Setting: Thirteen outpatient falls clinics in Victoria, Australia. Participants: Four hundred fifty-four people referred for clinic assessment (mean age ± standard deviation 77.9 ± 8.8; 73% female). Intervention: After assessment, multifactorial interventions were organized to address identified risk factors. Measurements: A Minimum Data Set was developed and used across all clinics to derive common data on falls, falls injuries, and secondary measures associated with falls risk, including balance, falls efficacy, gait, leg strength, function, and ...
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Vol. 87, No. 7. (2006), pp. 885-896.
Abstract
Objectives To determine the effects of moderate intensity group-exercise programs on falls, functional performance, and disability in older adults; and to investigate the influence of frailty on these effects. Design A 20-week, multicenter randomized controlled trial, with 52-week follow-up. Setting Fifteen homes for the elderly. Participants Two hundred seventy-eight men and women (mean age ± standard deviation, 85±6y). Interventions Two exercise programs were randomly distributed across 15 homes. The first program, functional walking (FW), consisted of exercises related to daily mobility activities. In the second program, in balance (IB), exercises ...
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archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Vol. 89 (2008), pp. 399-410.
Abstract
Objective To compare the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) and conventional physiotherapy (PT) on levodopa-resistant disturbances of balance and gait in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD). Design Randomized controlled rater-blinded trial comparing 2 active interventions, final follow-up assessment 4 weeks after termination of active intervention. Setting Specialized referral center, hospitalized care. Participants Patients with PD and dopa-resistant imbalance on stable dopamine replacement medication (N=27) were randomized (intent-to-treat population) to receive WBV (n=13) or conventional PT (controls, n=14). Twenty-one patients (per protocol population) completed follow-up (14 men, 7 women; ...
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Physical Therapy, Vol. 77, No. 8. (August 1997), pp. 812-819.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective of this retrospective case-control study was to develop a model for predicting the likelihood of falls among community-dwelling older adults. SUBJECTS: Forty-four community-dwelling adults (> or = 65 years of age) with and without a history of falls participated. METHODS: Subjects completed a health status questionnaire and underwent a clinical evaluation of balance and mobility function. Variables that differed between fallers and nonfallers were identified, using t tests and cross tabulation with chi-square tests. A forward ...
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Physical Therapy, Vol. 80, No. 9. (September 2000), pp. 896-903.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study examined the sensitivity and specificity of the Timed Up & Go Test (TUG) under single-task versus dual-task conditions for identifying elderly individuals who are prone to falling. SUBJECTS: Fifteen older adults with no history of falls (mean age=78 years, SD=6, range=65-85) and 15 older adults with a history of 2 or more falls in the previous 6 months (mean age=86.2 years, SD=6, range=76-95) participated. METHODS: Time taken to complete the TUG under 3 conditions (TUG, TUG ...
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Gait & Posture, Vol. 22, No. 4. (December 2005), pp. 351-355.
Abstract
Falls are among the most common and serious problems facing the elderly. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) is the gold standard in measuring falls risk. With higher functioning elders, a ceiling effect is often evidenced using the BBS. The purpose of this study was to determine if the Multiple Tasks Test (MTT) when used in high functioning community dwelling elderly correlated with the BBS. Secondly, this study assessed the unidimensionality of the MTT. If a relationship existed between the performance of ...
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Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 56, No. 2. (February 2008), pp. 328-333.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To compare the psychometric properties of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE). DESIGN: Secondary analysis using baseline and 12-week data from a randomized, controlled trial on fall prevention. SETTING: Upper Midwest metropolitan area with assessments conducted in participants’ homes. PARTICIPANTS: Population-based sample of 272 noninstitutionalized female Medicare beneficiaries aged 70 and older at risk of falling. MEASUREMENTS: Participants self-administered the ABC, SAFE, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey. During a home visit, a nurse practitioner administered ...
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Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 86, No. 8. (August 2005), pp. 1636-1640.
Abstract
Thomas JI, Lane JV. A pilot study to explore the predictive validity of 4 measures of falls risk in frail elderly patients. To test the hypothesis that scores on 4 falls risk measures will differ significantly in patients reporting recurrent falls compared with those who do not; and to explore the validity of each measure to predict such falls status. A convenience sample was tested to establish the sensitivity and specificity of the Functional Reach Test, Timed Up & Go test, ...
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Age and Ageing, Vol. 34, No. 6. (November 2005), pp. 614-619.
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Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation, Vol. 14, No. 5. (2004), pp. 397-409.
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Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vol. 88, No. 1. (January 2007), pp. 99-104.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the reliability and validity of the Four Square Step Test (FSST) for use in people with balance deficits secondary to vestibular disorders, who frequently report falling and have difficulty with changes of direction. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-two people with balance deficits secondary to vestibular disorders (mean age, 63.7+/-17.8y) who were currently enrolled in a vestibular physical therapy program agreed to participate. INTERVENTIONS: Participants performed the FSST, the Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, ...
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Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, Vol. 87, No. 3. (March 2006), pp. 402-407.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between Sensory Organization Test (SOT) scores and reported falls in persons with vestibular and balance disorders. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional. SETTING: Outpatient tertiary balance and falls clinic. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred physical therapy (PT) charts of people referred to a balance and falls clinic were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion were that the patients had completed the SOT of computerized dynamic posturography (CDP), had a vestibular diagnosis, and had the numbers of falls recorded from patient report within the ...
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