The Evolution, Regulation, and Function of Placenta-Specific Genes Export

@article{citeulike:4567934, abstract = {A number of placenta-specific genes (e.g., Tpbp, Plac1, Syncytin, and retrotransposon-associated genes such as Peg10, Rtl1, Endothelin B receptor, Insl4, Leptin, Midline1, and Pleiotrophin), enhancer elements (e.g., glycoprotein hormone α-subunit) and gene isoforms (e.g., 3βHSD, Cyp19), as well as placenta-specific members of gene families (e.g., Gcm1, Mash2, Rhox, Esx1, Cathepsin, PAG, TKDP, Psg, Siglec) have been identified. This review summarizes their evolution, regulation, and biochemical functions and discusses their significance for placental development and function. Strikingly, the number of unique, truly placenta-specific genes that have been discovered to date is very small. The vast majority of placenta-specific gene products have resulted from one of three mechanisms: evolution of placenta-specific promoters, evolution of large gene families with several placenta-specific members, or adoption of functions associated with endogenous retroviruses and retroelements. Interestingly, nearly all the examples of placenta-specific genes that have been discovered to date are not present in all placental mammals.}, author = {Rawn, Saara M. and Cross, James C.}, citeulike-article-id = {4567934}, citeulike-linkout-0 = {http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175418}, citeulike-linkout-1 = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175418}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175418}, journal = {Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology}, keywords = {evolution, genetics, humans, mammals}, number = {1}, pages = {159--181}, posted-at = {2009-05-21 09:44:47}, priority = {2}, title = {The Evolution, Regulation, and Function of Placenta-Specific Genes}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175418}, volume = {24}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:4567934 L3 - citeulike-article-id:4567934 N2 - A number of placenta-specific genes (e.g., Tpbp, Plac1, Syncytin, and retrotransposon-associated genes such as Peg10, Rtl1, Endothelin B receptor, Insl4, Leptin, Midline1, and Pleiotrophin), enhancer elements (e.g., glycoprotein hormone α-subunit) and gene isoforms (e.g., 3βHSD, Cyp19), as well as placenta-specific members of gene families (e.g., Gcm1, Mash2, Rhox, Esx1, Cathepsin, PAG, TKDP, Psg, Siglec) have been identified. This review summarizes their evolution, regulation, and biochemical functions and discusses their significance for placental development and function. Strikingly, the number of unique, truly placenta-specific genes that have been discovered to date is very small. The vast majority of placenta-specific gene products have resulted from one of three mechanisms: evolution of placenta-specific promoters, evolution of large gene families with several placenta-specific members, or adoption of functions associated with endogenous retroviruses and retroelements. Interestingly, nearly all the examples of placenta-specific genes that have been discovered to date are not present in all placental mammals. IS - 1 JF - Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology EP - 181 TI - The Evolution, Regulation, and Function of Placenta-Specific Genes VL - 24 SP - 159 KW - evolution KW - genetics KW - humans KW - mammals AU - Rawn, Saara AU - Cross, James PY - 2008/// UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.cellbio.24.110707.175418 ER -