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Efficient recombination-based methods for bacterial artificial chromosome fusion and mutagenesis Export

Gene, Vol. 371, No. 1. (12 April 2006), pp. 136-143.

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allelic-recombination bac

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The availability of genomic sequence information and extensive bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries for both the mouse and human genomes is ushering in a new era in biological research and disease modeling. To facilitate the study of large mammalian genes in vivo, we have developed: i) a simple [lambda] bacteriophage-based methodology for recombining overlapping bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) into a single larger BAC, and ii) a new methodology for targeting "seamless" mutations into BACs. In the first method, overlapping sequence from one BAC is cloned alongside a selectable marker and placed between unique sequence arms from the terminus of the other BAC to create a targeting construct. Two rounds of recombination-based cloning are then performed. The robustness of this methodology is demonstrated herein by using it to obtain a 254 kb BAC containing the entire human androgen receptor (hAR) gene. In the second method, transient expression of three [lambda] bacteriophage genes to 'pop-in' a targeting cassette is followed by RecA expression from the targeting vector itself to 'pop-out' the vector backbone. This new "hybrid recombineering" method combines the strengths of the [lambda] bacteriophage and RecA systems, while avoiding their major weaknesses. Application of this method for introduction of a 162 CAG repeat expansion into the hAR 254 kb BAC is shown. With "hybrid recombineering", we believe that the power and utility of the classical 'pop-in/pop-out' approach - so commonly and efficiently employed in yeast for decades - can now be achieved with BACs.


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