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If programmes to bolster STEM education are effective, they distort the labour market; if they arent, theyre a waste of money, argues Colin Macilwain. ...
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Breakthrough sets up showdown with induced adult lines. ...
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Magnetized neutron star could test Einsteins theory. ...
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Bid to unravel the secrets of brainpower faces scepticism. ...
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Physicists stance a turning point, claim supporters. ...
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Attendees search for ways to tackle misconduct and sloppy science. ...
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The earliest known cave paintings fuel arguments about whether Neanderthals were the mental equals of modern humans. ...
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Ecuador has successfully eradicated invasive pigs and goats from most of the Galapagos archipelago. Now it is taking on the rats. ...
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Embrace mistakes, urges Mario Livio they are portals to scientific progress. ...
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William H. Schneider reflects on the centenary of the Rockefeller Foundation, which began the postdoc and the grant, and led to the World Health Organization. ...
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Douwe Draaisma visits the unusual mind of Henry Molaison, the most famous patient in brain science. ...
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Jim Bell welcomes a detailed blueprint for colonizing the red planet from Apollo 11 veteran Buzz Aldrin. ...
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Nanotechnology pioneer Eric Drexler bids us to leap in at the technological deep end. We can transform the way we make everything from bridges to circuit boards, he argues, by harnessing molecular machines that operate on digital principles. The result? Desktop or garage facilities that ...
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Architect Rahul Mehrotra builds with social advocacy in mind. His latest project at Hathi Gaon, a village in Rajasthan, India, provides housing for 100 elephants and their mahouts. A professor at Harvard Graduate School of Design in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he talks about urban evolution and 'impatient capital'. ...
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A 2013 report by the European Environment Agency analyses a range of chemical and technological innovations and the long-term effectiveness of policies designed to minimize risks to health and the environment resulting from their use (see go.nature.com/ajxkkt). As contributors to the report, we call ...
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Last month saw the sudden end of Yahoo! Messages, a valuable 15-year-old treasure trove of early Internet discussions. Luckily, Archive Team, a group dedicated to saving our digital heritage, was able to preserve the data. But we need to be more vigilant over the erosion ...
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A radical shift in engine technology in the 1970s (Honda's CVCC) drastically cut motor-vehicle emissions. A comparable game-changer could solve an even bigger pollution problem today.Household air pollution from the traditional biomass-burning stoves used in many developing countries is the world's largest environmental-health threat, ...
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Prompt political action may have resulted in a remarkable conservation success for whales and dolphins. The Canary Islands used to be a hotspot for mass strandings, but there have been no mass beachings since the Spanish government imposed a moratorium on naval exercises in these ...
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Your report on the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the world's highest-altitude radio telescope, omits mention of Japan's contribution (Nature495, 156159; 201310.1038/495156a).The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) is one of three executive partners of ALMA ...
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Pioneer of in vitro fertilization. ...
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The city state offers opportunities for intrepid scientists, but working there has drawbacks. ...
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Fearless teen scientist dives into venture capital. ...
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Lessons on life. ...
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An analysis of data collected by the Voyager 2 spacecraft and by ground-based telescopes limits the depths to which winds penetrate into Uranus and Neptune, informing the debate about these planets' internal structures. See Letter p.344 ...
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Scientists have long dreamt of converting molten iron oxide to iron and oxygen using electricity. An anode material that withstands the high temperatures and corrosive chemicals involved brings the dream closer to reality. ...
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A computer model of tooth evolution designed to assess the impact of developmental dynamics on natural selection reveals that complexity reduces the likelihood of maximum fitness being attained. ...
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by Kwanghun Chung, Jenelle Wallace, Sung-Yon Kim, et al.Sandhiya Kalyanasundaram, Aaron S. Andalman, Thomas J. Davidson, Julie J. Mirzabekov, Kelly A. Zalocusky, Joanna Mattis, Aleksandra K. Denisin, Sally Pak, Hannah Bernstein, Charu Ramakrishnan, Logan Grosenick, Viviana Gradinaru, Karl Deisseroth
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High-resolution imaging has traditionally required thin sectioning, a process that disrupts long-range connectivity in the case of brains: here, intact mouse brains and human brain samples have been made fully transparent and macromolecule permeable using a new method termed CLARITY, which allows for intact-tissue imaging as well as repeated antibody labelling and in situ hybridization of non-sectioned tissue. ...
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posted by
2 people
peterpath
agrossfield
Abstract
The crystal structure of the human smoothened (SMO) receptor is presented in complex with a small-molecule antitumour agent; this represents the first example of a non-class-A, 7-transmembrane (7TM) receptor structure, revealing different conserved motifs common within class frizzled 7TM receptors and an unusually complex arrangement of long extracellular loops stabilized by disulphide bonds. ...
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The observed cloud-level atmospheric circulation on the outer planets of the Solar System is dominated by strong eastwest jet streams. The depth of these winds is a crucial unknown in constraining their overall dynamics, energetics and internal structures. There are two approaches to explaining the existence of these strong winds. The first suggests that the jets are driven by shallow atmospheric processes near the surface, whereas the second suggests that the atmospheric dynamics extend deeply into the planetary interiors. Here we ...
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by Christian Schneider, Arash Rahimi-Iman, Na Y. Kim, et al.Julian Fischer, Ivan G. Savenko, Matthias Amthor, Matthias Lermer, Adriana Wolf, Lukas Worschech, Vladimir D. Kulakovskii, Ivan A. Shelykh, Martin Kamp, Stephan Reitzenstein, Alfred Forchel, Yoshihisa Yamamoto, Sven Höfling
Abstract
Conventional semiconductor laser emission relies on stimulated emission of photons, which sets stringent requirements on the minimum amount of energy necessary for its operation. In comparison, excitonpolaritons in strongly coupled quantum well microcavities can undergo stimulated scattering that promises more energy-efficient generation of coherent light by polariton lasers. Polariton laser operation has been demonstrated in optically pumped semiconductor microcavities at temperatures up to room temperature, and such lasers can outperform their weak-coupling counterparts in that they have a lower threshold density. ...
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posted by
1 person
jkitchin
Abstract
Molten oxide electrolysis (MOE) is an electrometallurgical technique that enables the direct production of metal in the liquid state from oxide feedstock, and compared with traditional methods of extractive metallurgy offers both a substantial simplification of the process and a significant reduction in energy consumption. MOE is also considered a promising route for mitigation of CO2 emissions in steelmaking, production of metals free of carbon, and generation of oxygen for extra-terrestrial exploration. Until now, MOE has been demonstrated using anode materials ...
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Fluids trapped as inclusions within minerals can be billions of years old and preserve a record of the fluid chemistry and environment at the time of mineralization. Aqueous fluids that have had a similar residence time at mineral interfaces and in fractures (fracture fluids) have not been previously identified. Expulsion of fracture fluids from basement systems with low connectivity occurs through deformation and fracturing of the brittle crust. The fractal nature of this process must, at some scale, preserve pockets of ...
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An ambitious goal in biology is to understand the behaviour of cells during development by imagingin vivo and with subcellular resolutionchanges of the embryonic structure. Important morphogenetic movements occur throughout embryogenesis, but in particular during gastrulation when a series of dramatic, coordinated cell movements drives the reorganization of a simple ball or sheet of cells into a complex multi-layered organism. In Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed frog and also in zebrafish, cell and tissue movements have been studied in explants, ...
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by Heidi Dvinge, Anna Git, Stefan Gräf, et al.Mali Salmon-Divon, Christina Curtis, Andrea Sottoriva, Yongjun Zhao, Martin Hirst, Javier Armisen, Eric A. Miska, Suet-Feung Chin, Elena Provenzano, Gulisa Turashvili, Andrew Green, Ian Ellis, Sam Aparicio, Carlos Caldas
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by Jia Shen, Weiya Xia, Yekaterina B. Khotskaya, et al.Longfei Huo, Kotaro Nakanishi, Seung-Oe Lim, Yi Du, Yan Wang, Wei-Chao Chang, Chung-Hsuan Chen, Jennifer L. Hsu, Yun Wu, Yung C. Lam, Brian P. James, Xiuping Liu, Chang-Gong Liu, Dinshaw J. Patel, Mien-Chie Hung
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are generated by two-step processing to yield small RNAs that negatively regulate target gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Deregulation of miRNAs has been linked to diverse pathological processes, including cancer. Recent studies have also implicated miRNAs in the regulation of cellular response to a spectrum of stresses, such as hypoxia, which is frequently encountered in the poorly angiogenic core of a solid tumour. However, the upstream regulators of miRNA biogenesis machineries remain obscure, raising the question of how ...
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posted by
2 people
jjray
tellis
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are surface-associated, multicellular, morphologically complex microbial communities. Biofilm-forming bacteria such as the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are phenotypically distinct from their free-swimming, planktonic counterparts. Much work has focused on factors affecting surface adhesion, and it is known that P. aeruginosa secretes the Psl exopolysaccharide, which promotes surface attachment by acting as molecular glue. However, how individual surface-attached bacteria self-organize into microcolonies, the first step in communal biofilm organization, is not well understood. Here we identify a new role for Psl ...
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by Xiaoli Xiong, Peter J. Coombs, Stephen R. Martin, et al.Junfeng Liu, Haixia Xiao, John W. McCauley, Kathrin Locher, Philip A. Walker, Patrick J. Collins, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, John J. Skehel, Steven J. Gamblin
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Cell-surface-receptor binding by influenza viruses is a key determinant of their transmissibility, both from avian and animal species to humans as well as from human to human. Highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses that are a threat to public health have been observed to acquire affinity for human receptors, and transmissible-mutant-selection experiments have identified a virus that is transmissible in ferrets, the generally accepted experimental model for influenza in humans. Here, our quantitative biophysical measurements of the receptor-binding properties of haemagglutinin (HA) ...
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The country's air-pollution crisis offers a lesson in the power of civil society, says Qiang Wang. ...
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Obama boosts stockpile stewardship funds at energy labs. ...
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Three projects seek to track changes in Atlantic overturning circulation currents. ...
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Russia and Qatar prepare to dominate market as gas price inflation puts researchers under pressure. ...
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University finds evidence of fakery in Jamaican dance data. ...
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Prosthetic arms are getting ever more sophisticated. Now they just need a sense of touch. ...
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