| |
Abstract
The comment by Day et al. (Contrib Mineral Petrol, 2012 ) (1) discusses the validity of the previously obtained oxygen isotope data for El Hierro and La Palma (Canary Island) olivines, (2) questions the approach by Gurenko et al. (Contrib Mineral Petrol 162:349–363, 2011 ) of using weakly correlated variations of δ 18 O olivine values with X px (proportion of pyroxenite-derived melt in the parental magma), and (3) provides reasons why oxygen isotope data by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) ...
|
| |
Abstract
During the Variscan orogeny in Central Europe, partial melting in the lower continental crust formed granitic magmas, which intruded into the upper crust and left compounds of Ca (plus Eu 2+ ), Mg, etc. in the lower crust. From the late Paleozoic decomposition of the tonalitic upper crust, sedimentary graywackes were produced reflecting the composition of this crust. The repeated reworking of the sedimentary cover caused the formation of sands. Sandstones as their products of consolidation contain increasing fractions of quartz ...
|
| |
Abstract
Closed hopper and complex swallowtail morphologies of olivine microcrysts have been described in the past in both mid-oceanic ridge basalts and subaerial tholeitic volcanoes and indicate fluctuations in magma undercooling. We describe similar morphologies in a Mid-Atlantic ridge pillow basalt (sample RD87DR10), and in addition we estimate the duration of temperature fluctuations required to produce these textures as follows: (1) Pairs of melt inclusions are arranged symmetrically around the centre of hopper crystals and each pair represents a heating–cooling cycle. Using ...
|
| |
Abstract
Geochronological, geochemical, whole-rock Sr–Nd, and zircon Hf isotopic analyses were carried out on the Jiasha Gabbro, mafic microgranular enclaves (MME) and host Longchahe Granite samples from the Gejiu area in the southeast Yunnan province, SW China, with the aim of characterizing their petrogenesis. Compositional zoning is evident in the gabbro body as the cumulate textures and mineral proportions in the gabbro interior are distinct from the gabbro margin. The Longchahe Granite largely comprises metaluminous quartz monzonite with distinctive K-feldspar megacrysts, but ...
|
| |
Abstract
The premise of the Wilson et al. comment is that the Ti-in-quartz solubility calibration (Thomas et al. in Contrib Mineral Petrol 160:743–759, 2010 ) is fundamentally flawed. They reach this conclusion because P – T estimates using the Ti-in-quartz calibration differ from their previous interpretations for crystallization conditions of the Bishop and Oruanui rhyolites. If correct, this assertion has far-reaching implications, so a careful assessment of the Wilson et al. reasoning is warranted. Application of the Ti-in-quartz calibration as a thermobarometer ...
|
| |
Abstract
Trace concentrations of Ti in quartz are used to indicate the pressure and temperature conditions of crystallization in the ‘TitaniQ’ geothermobarometer of Thomas et al. (Contrib Miner Petrol 160:743–759, 2010 ). It utilises the partitioning of Ti into quartz as an indicator of the pressures and/or temperatures of crystal growth. For a given value of TiO 2 activity in the system, if temperatures are inferred to ±20 °C, pressure is constrained to ±1 kbar and vice versa. There are significant contrasts, ...
|
| |
Abstract
The Golyamo Kamenyane serpentinite is a portion of a metaophiolite, located in the Upper High-Grade Unit of the metamorphic basement of the Eastern Rhodope Metamorphic Complex, SE Bulgaria. It consists of metaharzburgite and metadunite hosting layers of metagabbro and some chromitite bodies. All these lithologies were affected by ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism and subsequent retrograde evolution during exhumation. Chromite from chromitites can be classified into four textural groups: (1) partly altered chromite, (2) porous chromite, (3) homogeneous chromite and (4) zoned chromite. ...
|
| |
Abstract
Relationships of lithologies in uppermost mantle section of Oman ophiolite are highly complicated, harzburgites especially being closely associated with dunites, wehrlites, and gabbros. The petrology and geochemistry of the uppermost mantle section provide constrains on how MORB (mid-ocean ridge basalt) magmas migrate from the mantle to crust. We conducted detailed sampling at the uppermost mantle section of the northern Oman ophiolite (along Wadi Fizh), and it provides us with centimeter-scale lithological and mineral chemical heterogeneity. In particular, we found peculiar plagioclase-free ...
|
| |
Abstract
Corundum megacryst-bearing rocks associated with the high-pressure migmatites of the Skattøra migmatite complex (SMC) belonging to the Nakkedal Nappe Complex, North Norwegian Caledonides, display a classical example of incongruent melting of plagioclase under water-saturated conditions. Petrography and micro-textures suggest that several centimetre long corundum megacrysts formed from the silicate melt along with amphibole (pargasite) and plagioclase (X An ~ 0.47). The corundum-bearing leucosomes are rich in biotite compared to the other mafic units of SMC. Locally, margarite occurs in coronas around ...
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
Abstract
The water-saturated phase relations have been determined for a primitive magnesian andesite (57 wt% SiO 2 , 9 wt% MgO) from the Mt. Shasta, CA region over the pressure range 200–800 MPa, temperature range of 915–1,070 °C, and oxygen fugacities varying from the nickel–nickel oxide (NNO) buffer to three log units above NNO (NNO+3). The phase diagram of a primitive basaltic andesite (52 wt% SiO 2 , 10.5 wt% MgO) also from the Mt. Shasta region (Grove et al. in Contrib ...
|
| |
Abstract
The exchange of Na + and K + between alkali feldspar and a NaCl–KCl salt melt has been investigated experimentally. Run conditions were at ambient pressure and 850 °C as well as 1,000 °C. Cation exchange occurred by interdiffusion of Na + and K + on the feldspar sub-lattice, while the Si–Al framework remained unaffected. Due to the compositional dependence of the lattice parameters compositional heterogeneities resulting from Na + /K + interdiffusion induced coherency stress and associated fracturing. Depending on ...
|
| |
Abstract
Protoliths of highly metamorphosed gneisses from the Erzgebirge are deduced from the morphology, age and chemistry of zircons as well as from whole rock geochemistry and are compared with lower-grade rocks of Lusatia. Gneisses with similar structural appearance and/or geochemical pattern may have quite different protoliths. The oldest rocks in the Erzgebirge are paragneisses representing meta-greywackes and meta-conglomerates. The youngest group of zircon of meta-greywackes that did not undergo Pb loss represents the youngest igneous component for source rocks (about 575 ...
|
| |
Abstract
The Nantianwan mafic intrusion in the Panxi region, SW China, part of the ~260 Ma Emeishan large igneous province, consists of the olivine gabbro and gabbronorite units, separated by a transitional zone. Olivine gabbros contain olivine with Fo values ranging from 83 to 87, indicating crystallization from a moderately evolved magma. They have 0.2 to 0.9 wt % sulfide with highly variable PGE (17–151 ppb) and variable Cu/Pd ratios (1,500–32,500). Modeling results indicate that they were derived from picritic magmas with ...
|
| |
Abstract
Low-Ca pyroxenes play an important role in mantle melting, melt-rock reaction, and magma differentiation processes. In order to better understand REE fractionation during adiabatic mantle melting and pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite interaction, we developed a parameterized model for REE partitioning between low-Ca pyroxene and basaltic melts. Our parameterization is based on the lattice strain model and a compilation of published experimental data, supplemented by a new set of trace element partitioning experiments for low-Ca pyroxenes produced by pyroxenite-derived melt and peridotite ...
|
| |
Abstract
Primary igneous monazite from the Polokongka La granite of the Tso Morari complex in the western Himalayas has been partially replaced by a three-layered corona of metamorphic fluor-apatite, allanite + U- and Th-bearing phases (huttonite + brabantite), and epidote. The alteration is related to high-pressure amphibolite-facies (10–11 kbar and 587–695 °C) fluid-induced retrogression of the ultra-high-pressure granite during exhumation after India–Asia collision. The corona textures can be explained by pseudomorphic partial replacement of the original monazite to apatite and allanite via ...
|
| |
Abstract
Growing recognition of triple-chain silicates in nature has prompted experimental research into the conditions under which they can form and the extent of solid solution that is feasible for some key chemical substitutions. Experiments were done primarily in the range of 0.1–0.5 GPa and 200–850 °C for durations of 18–1,034 h. A wide range of bulk compositions were explored in this study that can be classified broadly into two groups: those that are Na free and involve various possible chemical substitutions ...
|
| |
Abstract
Zircon occurs in voids and cracks in phosphatic coprolites enclosed in siderite concretions in Mississippian shales near Edinburgh, Scotland. The zircon formed during hydrothermal alteration of early-diagenetic concretions and occurs as spherical aggregates of prismatic crystals, sometimes radiating. Vitrinite reflectance measurements indicate temperatures of ~270°C for the zircon-bearing concretions and the host shales. Molecular parameter values based on dibenzothiophene and phenanthrene distribution and occurrence of di- and tetra-hydro-products of polycyclic aromatic compounds suggest that the rocks experienced relatively high-temperature aqueous conditions ...
|
| |
Abstract
An array of samples from the eastern Upper Basin Member of the Plateau Rhyolite (EUBM) in the Yellowstone Plateau, Wyoming, were collected and analyzed to evaluate styles of deposition, geochemical variation, and plausible sources for low δ 18 O rhyolites. Similar depositional styles and geochemistry suggest that the Tuff of Sulphur Creek and Tuff of Uncle Tom’s Trail were both deposited from pyroclastic density currents and are most likely part of the same unit. The middle unit of the EUBM, the ...
|
| |
Abstract
The two most commonly invoked processes for generating plagiogranites in mid-ocean ridge environments are extended fractional crystallization of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magma and “hydration melting” of hot, dry MOR gabbro initiated by the influx of seawater-derived hydrothermal fluids within localized zones of shear. Brophy (Contrib Mineral Petrol 158:99–111, 2009 ) has proposed on theoretical grounds that, for liquids greater than ~62 wt. % SiO 2 , hydration melting should yield, among other features, a negative correlation between rare earth element ...
|
| |
Abstract
The complication introduced by solid solutions in the analysis of infiltration-driven mineral reactions is that the mole fraction of tracer component i in fluid ( X i ) changes with reaction progress (ξ). The effect was incorporated into transport models for coupled fluid flow and mineral reaction by parameterizing the relation between X i and ξ. With specific reference to carbonation and hydration during regional metamorphism of the peridotite body in Val d’Efra, whose constituent minerals are all solid solutions, infiltration ...
|
| |
posted by
2 people
TRBeyer
WIKIed_SCIENCE
Abstract
A voluminous (>600 km 3 ) and long-lived (~520–75 ka) phase of rhyolitic eruptions followed collapse of the Yellowstone caldera 640 ka. Whether these eruptions represent a dying cycle, or the growth of a new magma chamber, remains an important question. We use new U–Th zircon ages and δ 18 O values determined by ion microprobe, and sanidine Pb isotope ratios determined by laser ablation, to investigate the genesis of voluminous post-caldera rhyolites. The oldest post-caldera rhyolites, erupted between ~520 and ...
|
| |
Abstract
The evolution of a carbonated nephelinitic magma can be followed by the study of a statistically significant number of melt inclusions, entrapped in co-precipitated perovskite, nepheline and magnetite in a clinopyroxene- and nepheline-rich rock (afrikandite) from Kerimasi volcano (Tanzania). Temperatures are estimated to be 1,100°C for the early stage of the melt evolution of the magma, which formed the rock. During evolution, the magma became enriched in CaO, depleted in SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , resulting in immiscibility ...
|
| |
Abstract
Komatiites are ancient volcanic rocks, mostly over 2.7 billion years old, which formed through >30% partial melting of the mantle. This study addresses the crucial relationship between volcanology and physical manifestation of primary magmatic water content in komatiites of the Agnew-Wiluna greenstone belt, Western Australia, and documents the degassing processes that occurred during the emplacement and crystallization of these magmas. The Agnew-Wiluna greenstone belt of Western Australia contains three co-genetic komatiite units that (1) display laterally variable volcanological features, including thick ...
|
| |
Abstract
Tectonic exposures of upper plutonics (>800 m) that are part of a contiguous section of young East Pacific Rise (EPR) crust at the Hess Deep Rift provide the first regional-scale constraints on hydrothermal processes in the upper plutonic crust formed at a fast-spreading ridge. Submersible-collected samples recovered over a 4-km-wide region show that the sheeted dike complex is largely underlain by a 150- to 200-m-thick gabbro unit, followed by a more primitive gabbronorite unit. Gabbroic samples are variably altered by pervasive ...
|
| |
Abstract
The Proterozoic anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite complex dominating the Lindås Nappe in the Scandinavian Caledonides was locally eclogitized in the southwestern part of the nappe during the Caledonian orogeny, whereas only amphibolite facies assemblages are recorded in the rest of the nappe. Sveconorwegian granulites of anorthositic to jotunitic composition in the northernmost eclogite-free exposures of the nappe exhibit large garnet phenoblasts (ca. 900°C) that are fractured and partly replaced by a Caledonian symplectitic amphibolite facies assemblage (ca. 515°C). Metamorphic zircon attributed to this garnet ...
|
| |
|
| |
Abstract
Pressure is a key control on the progress of metamorphic reactions. When fluids are present in rocks, the fluid pressure is commonly different to the load supported by the solid framework. Here, we show experimentally that, when the two pressures are varied independently, fluid pressure exerts the dominant control on reaction rate, even when the rock is compacting. We present 35 experiments on gypsum dehydration with independently controlled confining pressure, pore fluid pressure and temperature. Results show that a pore fluid ...
|
| |
Abstract
Crystallization experiments have been conducted on compositions along tholeiitic liquid lines of descent to define the compositional space for the development of silicate liquid immiscibility. Starting materials have 46–56 wt% SiO 2 , 11.7–17.7 wt% FeO tot , and Mg-number between 0.29 and 0.36. These melts fall on the basaltic trends relevant for Mull, Iceland, Snake River Plain lavas and for the Sept Iles layered intrusion, where large-scale liquid immiscibility has been recognized. At one atmosphere under anhydrous conditions, immiscibility develops ...
|
| |
Abstract
We experimentally investigate the effect of water on intergranular mass transport. The growth of enstatite single rims between forsterite and quartz and forsterite-enstatite double rims between periclase and quartz was performed at 1,000°C and 1.5 GPa for incremental water–solid fractions ranging from 0 to 5 wt%. A kinetics analysis based on time series ranging from 8 min to 18 h at 1 wt% H 2 O demonstrates that the growth of both the single and double rims is controlled by the ...
|
| |
Abstract
The 3.7 ka year-old Averno 2 eruption is one of the rare eruptions to have occurred in the northwest sector of the Phlegraean Fields caldera (PFc) over the past 5 ka. We focus here on the fallout deposits of the pyroclastic succession emplaced during this eruption. We present major and trace element data on the bulk pumices, along with major and volatile element data on clinopyroxene-hosted melt inclusions, in order to assess the conditions of storage, ascent, and eruption of the ...
|
| |
Abstract
We investigated the electrical conductivity of amphibole-bearing rocks under the conditions of the middle to lower crust. Alternating current measurements were performed in the frequency range of 10–10 6 Hz in a cubic-anvil high-pressure apparatus at 0.5–1.0 GPa and 373–873 K. The electrical conductivity of these rocks is weakly temperature dependent below ~800 K with modest anisotropy and relatively low conductivity (~5 × 10 −3 S/m at ~750 K with the activation enthalpy of 64–67 kJ/mol). However, the electrical conductivity starts ...
|
| |
Abstract
Lavas from the South Shetland Islands volcanic arc (northern Antarctic Peninsula) have been investigated in order to determine the age, petrogenesis and compositional evolution of a long-lived volcanic arc constructed on 32-km-thick crust, a thickness comparable with average continental crust. New 40 Ar– 39 Ar ages for the volcanism range between 135 and 47 Ma and, together with published younger ages, confirm a broad geographical trend of decreasing ages for the volcanism from southwest to northeast. The migration pattern breaks down ...
|
| |
Abstract
The chemical and isotopic compositions of clay minerals such as illite and chlorite are commonly used to quantify diagenetic and low-grade metamorphic conditions, an approach that is also used in the present study of the Monte Perdido thrust fault from the South Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt. The Monte Perdido thrust fault is a shallow thrust juxtaposing upper Cretaceous–Paleocene platform carbonates and Lower Eocene marls and turbidites from the Jaca basin. The core zone of the fault, about 6 m thick, consists of ...
|
| |
|
| |
Abstract
We use the crystallographic orientations of quartz crystals, as determined with EBSD, to provide new evidence for the formation of clustered quartz crystals during magma crystallization. Vinalhaven is dominated by granite, with minor porphyry that formed when granite remelted during input of coeval basalt. CL zoning suggests that most quartz clusters in granite and porphyry formed by synneusis , the “swimming together” of preformed crystals. In granite, most quartz pairs in clusters have random orientations—only about 10% have parallel or Esterel ...
|
| |
Abstract
Adcumulate formation in mafic layered intrusions is attributed either to gravity-driven compaction, which expels the intercumulus melt out of the crystal matrix, or to compositional convection, which maintains the intercumulus liquid at a constant composition through liquid exchange with the main magma body. These processes are length-scale and time-scale dependent, and application of experimentally derived theoretical formulations to magma chambers is not straightforward. New data from the Sept Iles layered intrusion are presented and constrain the relative efficiency of these processes ...
|
| |
Abstract
We studied the elemental and isotopic (Pb, B and Li isotopes) composition of melt inclusions hosted in highly forsteritic (Fo 83–91 ) olivines that were collected from San Bartolo lava and pumice (ST79p, ST82p and ST531p) samples erupted by Stromboli in historical times. The studied melt inclusions have primitive calcalkaline to shoshonitic basaltic compositions. They cover a compositional range far wider than that exhibited by the whole-rocks and differ in key trace element ratios. San Bartolo melt inclusions are characterized by ...
|
Search
