VisionTUBHH's Top Recommendations

Abstract

The paper explores forms of ‘real’ and ‘virtual’ social capital within a geographical area of the UK comprising 65 ‘communities’. Measures of real social capital based on formal community organisations were compared with web-activity relating to the same communities. Three main types of websites were identified: first a local government scheme which created ‘identikit’ websites for each of the places which could then be taken up by local people; second a similar scheme operated by a private company and covering the ...

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Abstract Despite the growing popularity of virtual communities, there is no consensus among researchers regarding the appropriate definition or types of virtual communities. In this paper, a virtual community is defined as an aggregation of individuals or business partners who interact around a shared interest, where the interaction is at least partially supported and/or mediated by technology and guided by some protocols or norms. The central objective of developing this typology was to develop a classification system that would be useful ...

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Knowledge is now recognized as an important basis for competitive advantage and many firms are beginning to establish initiatives to leverage and manage organizational knowledge. These include efforts to codify knowledge in repositories as well as efforts to link individuals using information technologies to overcome geographic and temporal barriers to accessing knowledge and expertise. We suggest that Knowledge Management (KM) efforts, to be successful, need to be sensitive to features of the... ...

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Reports a study of virtual cross-functional teams located in a small southern US town and a northern US city. The authors interpret interviews with team members, suggesting that virtual teamwork requires them to devise practices for coordinating work ...

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A research project with distributed electronic teams was conducted to examine how virtual temporary teams quickly develop and maintain trust relationships with people that they hardly know, and may never meet again, with the goal of producing interdependent work. The authors collected data from 14 teams of students from three different universities with the aim of providing a theoretical and empirical explanation of what temporary, distributed teams do to produce trust as a foundation for cooperative work. The results suggest that ...

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This paper reports an exploratory case study that used boundary theory to investigate the impact of organisational virtualisation on work units. Specifically, the research analysed the transition in a public sector organisation from permanent, co-located teams to temporary virtual teams and its impact on team boundary properties and activities. The study contributes to existing knowledge of virtual teams and virtualisation processes in several ways. The findings suggest that, contrary to existing thinking, rather than removing organisational and institutional boundaries, virtualisation increases ...

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Some corporations have adopted a Wiki on their Intranets for employees to collectively store, edit and access work-related material such as reports, best-practice features, and documents. As such collaborative software moves from the social to the corporate arena, it is bound to challenge management authority, engaging the knowledge worker in a more participatory knowledge capability and environment. This paper explores the implication that this revolution has for the interaction of corporate users with technology that will lead to a profound change ...

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Reports on an ongoing research project into organisational learning in virtual organisations using the Organisational Learning Evaluation Cycle developed by J. Gasston and P. Halloran (1999). A review of the literature shows that considerable research has been done in the area of organisational learning; however, the concepts are mainly focused on traditional organisational forms and are difficult to apply to virtual organisations due to their unique characteristics. The characteristics relate to competitive relationships between organisational entities within the virtual organisation, the ...

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Managing knowledge is crucial in our economy. We derive requirements on personal knowledge management (finding, reminding, collaboration, knowledge re-use and cognitively adequate interfaces) from cognitive psychological research and analyse the limitations of current solutions. We introduce a restful, wiki-based, open architecture for semantic personal knowledge management that fulfills the analysed requirements to a high extent and gives the user a uniform way to work with knowledge on ... ...

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E-Collaboration promotes interaction between people over the Internet, and is vital in virtual organization arrangements where people co-exist or work together, independent of time and location. E-Collaborations and Virtual Organizations covers a broad range of topics, from underlying technological structures to fundamental mechanisms that are relevant to e-Collaboration and virtual organizations. The chapters in this book present some of the current work in the field and represent a resource upon which knowledge, lessons, and views can be drawn upon for ...

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Virtual teams are a relatively new phenomenon and by definition work across time, distance, and organizations through the use of information and communications technology. Virtual Teams: Projects, Protocols and Processes gathers the best of academic research on real work-based virtual teams into one book. It offers a series of chapters featuring practical research, insight and recommendations on how virtual team projects can be better managed, as well as in depth discussion on issues critical to virtual team success, including the place ...

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Studies of information seeking and workplace collaboration often find that social relationships are a strong factor in determining who collaborates with whom. Social networks provide one means of visualizing existing and potential interaction in organizational settings. Groupware designers are using social networks to make systems more sensitive to social situations and guide users toward effective collaborations. Yet, the implications of embedding social networks in systems have not been systematically studied. This paper details an evaluation of two different social networks used ...

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<p><b>The first comprehensive history of the evolution of Free Speech in America for a general readership, from a respected historian and free speech activist.</b><br><br> <p>After Upton Sinclair, famed author of <i>The Jungle</i>, was arrested for reading the First Amendment on Liberty Hill in 1923, <i>The Nation</i> commented: "When we contemplate the antics of the chief of police of Los Angeles, we are deterred from characterizing him as an ass only through fear that such a comparison would lay us open ...

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Mass media play an especially important role in democratic societies. They are presupposed to act as intermediary vehicles that reflect public opinion, respond to public concerns and make the electorate cognizant of state policies, important events and viewpoints. The fundamental principles of democracy depend upon the notion of a reasonably informed electorate. The `propaganda model' of media operations laid out and applied by Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky in Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass ...

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There is convincing evidence that artistic life, which is an important sector in all societies, is better off when the concept of copyright disappears. In the digital era the concept is outdated anyway. As a consequence, our common artistic creativity will no longer be the exclusive property of a few copyright industries and piracy will cease to exist. Knowledge and creativity become once again essential elements of the public domain. Moreover, surprisingly, without the system of copyright protection many artists in ...

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Traditional typologies of consumer privacy concern suggest that consumers fall into three distinct groups: One-fourth of consumers are not concerned about privacy, one-fourth are highly concerned, and half are pragmatic, in that their concerns about privacy depend on the situation presented. This study examines online users to determine whether types of privacy concern online mirror the offline environment. An e-mail survey of online users examined perceived privacy concerns of 15 different situations involving collection and usage of personally identifiable information. Results ...

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Journalists, politicians, jurists, and legal academics often describe the privacy problem created by the collection and use of personal information through computer databases and the Internet with the metaphor of Big Brother-the totalitarian government portrayed in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. Professor Solove argues that this is the wrong metaphor. The Big Brother metaphor as well as much of the law that protects privacy emerges from a longstanding paradigm for conceptualizing privacy problems. Under this paradigm, privacy is invaded by uncovering one's ...

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Consumer studies demonstrate that online users value personalized content. At the same time, providing personalization on websites seems quite profitable for web vendors. This win-win situation is however marred by privacy concerns since personalizing people’s interaction entails gathering considerable amounts of data about them. As numerous recent surveys have consistently demonstrated, computer users are very concerned about their privacy on the Internet. More over, the collection of personal data is also subject to legal regulations in many countries and states. Both ...

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<div>With the proliferation of computer software and media, controversies have arisen around copyright and patent law. This book is based on the idea that the cyberworld encompasses all computer-mediated phenomena. Koepsell proposes intellectual property protection to cope with the complexities of the virtual world, and argues that the subjects of patents and copyrights are essentially the same — they are all manmade, intentionally produced objects, and all “expressions” of some kind.</div> ...

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While maintaining the importance of privacy for critical evaluations of surveillance technologies, I suggest that privacy also constrains the debate by framing analyses in terms of the individual. Public space provides a site for considering what is at stake with surveillance technologies besides privacy. After describing two accounts of privacy and one of public space, I argue that surveillance technologies simultaneously add an ambiguityand a specificity to public places that are detrimental to the social, cultural, and civic importance of these ...

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Since 11 September 2001, many 'hard' and 'soft' security strategies have been introduced to enable more intensive surveillance and control of the movement of `suspect populations'. Suicide bombings have since generated a step-change in asymmetric threat analysis and public perceptions of risk. This article reviews how post-9/11 'security' issues intersect with existing and emerging technologies, particularly those relating to identity, location, home, and work that will form the backbone of the European Information Society. The article explores the complexities generated by ...

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Originality as a requirement of copyright has attracted diverse interpretations both within and across legal systems. Why? Because, it seems, the courts have had to reconcile creativity favoured in civil law countries and industrious labour upheld in common law countries. By allowing for both alternatives the Database Directive (EC) injected a sense of commercial realism. The danger, however, is that the new sui generis right might monopolise information beyond the term granted to copyright. This assertion is explored in four stages. ...

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In part II of his study into the development of moral rights in intellectual property, Simon Newman compares the position of authors under French, German and UK law. ...

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<P><i>The Internet: A Philosophical Inquiry</i> explores the tensions between the warnings of the Neo-Luddites and the bright optimism of the Technophiles, <b>Graham</b> offers the first concise and accessible exploration of the issues which arise as we enter further into the world of Cyberspace. This original and fascinating study takes us to the heart of questions that none of us can afford to ignore: how does the Internet affect our concepts of identity, moral anarchy, censorship, community, democracy, virtual reality and imagination? ...

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The Internet, World Wide Web, and related information technologies, originally developed in Western countries, have rapidly spread to a great variety of countries and cultures. Many of these technologies facilitate and mediate interpersonal communication, an activity whose modes and means bind closely to cultural values. This article provides a theoretical integration of a framework for culture values together with a model for understanding privacy and related issues that arise when personal information is shared or exchanged using information technology. The resulting ...

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The availability of powerful tools to analyze the increasing amounts of personal data has raised many privacy concerns. In this article, we provide an overview of data mining, aimed at a non-technical audience primarily interested in the social and legal aspects of data mining applications. ...

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This Essay challenges a central tenet of the recent criticism of intellectual property rights: the suggestion that the control conferred by such rights is detrimental to the continued flourishing of a public domain of ideas and information. In this Essay, Professor Wagner argues that such theories understate the significance of the intangible nature of information, and thus overlook the contribution that even perfectly controlled intellectual creations make to the public domain. In addition, this Essay shows that perfect control of propertized ...

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Within the next year, travelers from dozens of nations may be carrying a new form of passport in response to a mandate by the United States government. The e-passport, as it is sometimes called, represents a bold initiative in the deployment of two new technologies: Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and biometrics. Important in their own right, e-passports are also the harbinger of a wave of next-generation ID cards: several national governments plan to deploy identity cards integrating RFID and biometrics for domestic ...

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Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) has a provision that protects ISPs from liability for transmitting copyright violations-as long as they have and follow a process for removing infringements when notified of them. Given the DMCA's wording, any attempt to be sure that we will know in the future what was said today will depend on clarifying the rights and responsibilities of libraries and the archive organizations that have traditionally maintained historical records; the special status of the ...

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An increasing number of countries and companies routinely block or monitor access to parts of the Internet. To counteract these measures, we propose Infranet, a system that enables clients to surreptitiously retrieve sensitive content via cooperating Web servers distributed across the global Internet. These Infranet servers provide clients access to censored sites while continuing to host normal uncensored content. Infranet uses a tunnel protocol that provides a covert communication channel... ...

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Two property regimes for software development may be distinguished. Within corporations, on the one hand, a Private Regime obtains which excludes all outsiders from access to a firm's software assets. It is shown how the protective instruments of secrecy and both copyright and patent have been strengthened considerably during the last two decades. On the other, a Public Regime among hackers may be distinguished, initiated by individuals, organizations or firms, in which source code is freely exchanged. It is argued that ...

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<div>The story of copyright is the history of the entertainment industry, including books, music, movies, television, computers, and the internet. Since its inception in America 210 years ago, copyright law has been the primary protector of the right of authors. Over the course of its history, however, myriad technology developments have produced constant pressure on the law, forcing copyright to adapt or expand to accommodate our creations.<br><br>In <i>The Illustrated Story of Copyright</i>, Professor Edward Samuels explains in a straightforward and colorful ...

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<P>The revolution will not be televised. But will it be online instead? When the Internet first took off, we heard a lot about its potential for social change. We heard it would revitalize democracy. We heard it would empower us. We heard we would all be publishers, working together to create a new public sphere.<br><br><i>Future Active</i> tests such claims. With fierce intelligence and wit, Graham Meikle takes us behind the digital barricades and into the heart of Internet activist campaigns. In ...

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Introduction Freedom of expression in the digital age is coming increasingly under threat with the growth of censorship and the erosion of privacy on the Internet. Governments around the world, including those of Australia, France, Germany, China, Saudi Arabia, and Singapore, have undertaken a range of efforts to force Internet service providers to block access to content deemed unsuitable or to make them liable for such material hosted on their servers, as documented by Human Rights Watch... ...

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Abstract  Radio Frequency Identification, or RFID, is a technology which has been receiving considerable attention as of late. It is a fairly simple technology involving radio wave communication between a microchip and an electronic reader, in which an identification number stored on the chip is transmitted and processed; it can frequently be found in inventory tracking and access control systems. In this paper, we examine the current uses of RFID, as well as identifying potential future uses of the technology, including item-level ...

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A documentary is being filmed. A cell phone rings, playing the "Rocky" theme song. The filmmaker is told she must pay $10,000 to clear the rights to the song. Can this be true? "Eyes on the Prize," the great civil rights documentary, was pulled from circulation because the filmmakers’ rights to music and footage had expired. What’s going on here? It’s the collision of documentary filmmaking and intellectual property law, and it’s the inspiration for this ...

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With the radical changes in information production that the Internet has introduced, we stand at an important moment of transition, says Yochai Benkler in this thought-provoking book. The phenomenon he describes as social production is reshaping markets, while at the same time offering new opportunities to enhance individual freedom, cultural diversity, political discourse, and justice. But these results are by no means inevitable: a systematic campaign to protect the entrenched industrial information economy of the last century threatens the promise of today’s emerging networked information environment. In this comprehensive social ...

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This digital document is an article from St. Louis Journalism Review, published by SJR St. Louis Journalism Review on June 1, 2001. The length of the article is 3056 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.<BR><BR><strong>Citation Details</strong><br><strong>Title:</strong> Top underreported stories of 2000 expose mass media censorship.<br><strong>Author:</strong> Charles L. Klotzer<br><strong>Publication:</strong> ...

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If you can read this review (and voice your opinion about his book on Amazon.com), you have Tim Berners-Lee to thank. When you've read his no-nonsense account of how he invented the World Wide Web, you'll want to thank him again, for the sheer coolness of his ideas. One day in 1980, Berners-Lee, an Oxford-trained computer consultant, got a random thought: "Suppose all the information stored on computers everywhere were linked?" So he created a system to give every "page" on ...

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As organizations aggressively deploy radio frequency identification systems, activists are increasingly concerned about RFID's potential to invade user privacy. This overview highlights potential threats and how they might be addressed using both technology and public policy. ...

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Concerns about the role and responsibilities of the media have become an increasingly important part of public debate. Media Ethics brings together philosophers, academics and media professionals to debate pressing ethical and moral questions for journalists and the media and to examine basic notions such as truth, virtue, privacy, rights, offense, harm, and freedom. The contributors explore questions of impartiality and objectivity, the ethics of political journalism, the regulation of privacy and media intrusion and the justification for censorship. They discuss ...

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If <I>The Future of Ideas</I> is bleak, we have nobody to blame but ourselves. Author Lawrence Lessig, a Stanford law professor and keen observer of emerging technologies, makes a strong case that large corporations are staging an innovation-stifling power grab while we watch idly. The changes in copyright and other forms of intellectual property protection demanded by the media and software industries have the potential to choke off publicly held material, which Lessig sees as ...

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This study examines the characteristics of the Chinese print media under censorship on their coverage of the disease of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). With Siebert, Peterson, and Schramm's four theories of the press (Four theories of the press, Urbana & Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1963) and Shoemaker and Reese's hierarchy model of influences on media content (Mediating the message: Theories of influence on mass media content, New York: Longman, 1996), the authors conduct a content analysis of the coverage ...

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From Napster to Total Information Awareness to flash mobs, the debates over who gets to control information and technology has revolved around a single question: How closely do we want the virtual world to resemble the real world? But while we weren't looking, the opposite has happened: The real world has started imitating the virtual world--in some alarming ways. More and more of our social, political, and religious activities are modeling themselves after the World Wide Web, along the lines of ...

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Hypotheses on the impact of global trade and information flows on state sovereignty and interstate policy convergence have proliferated ahead of empirical studies assessing their explanatory accuracy or predictive powers. The recent personal data privacy protection dispute between the European Union and the United States is a critical case study for examining and refining many of these hypotheses. Personal data privacy protection is a policy realm at once at the forefront of trade and information technology and one that implicates fundamental ...

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"Illuminating"<br> —<i>Bookforum</i> April-June 2002 <P> "It has taken lawyers 200-plus years to morph copyright law from the balanced compromise that our framers struck to the extraordinary system of control that it has become. In this beautifully written book, a nonlawyer has uncovered much of the damage done. <I>Copyrights and Copywrongs</I> is a rich and compelling account of the bending of American copyright law, and a promise of the balance that we could once again make the law become."<br> —Lawrence Lessig, Stanford ...

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<i>Virtual States</i> explores the role of the state in a rapidly globalizing, wired society. It presents a theoretical and historical introduction to the internet, its place in both the developed and the developing world, and its impact on society. <P>Although the internet brings out new disparities--between the information rich and the information poor--it also has the potential to break down the boundaries of national identity. Jerry Everard argues that while information technology poses fundamental challenges to the inclusionary/exclusionary processes of ...

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Information and the marketplace are uneasy bedfellows. The dissemination of information via media can have many different and overlapping purposes, including entertainment, art, ideology, and research. It is particularly among groups that need to share information--the academic and scientific communities, for example--that viewing it as something that can be bought and sold is intrusive and even damaging. There are many other reasons why the commodification of information, which continues to move from strength to strength with the expansion of international free ...

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This paper stems from the results of a systematic study of research library policy regarding application and interpretation of copyright law to reserves and electronic reserves. A thorough legal framework is provided from which the study's results are interpreted, and suggestions for research library compliance are provided. ...