CiteULike: Group: Evacuation modelling - library [15 articles]

The Emergence of Dynamical Social Psychology

Robin Vallacher — 2007-02-25T21:41:27-00:00

Psychological Inquiry, Vol. 8, No. 2. (1997), pp. 73-99.

Interpersonal thought and action represent highly dynamic and complex phenomena. Because of these defining qualities, social psychology has proven resistant to integrative understanding and unqualified prediction within traditional theoretical and empirical approaches. These same qualities, however, make social psychology highly amenable to understanding and investigation within the framework of dynamical systems theory (DST). In the target article, we establish the relevance of this emerging scientific metatheory for theory construction and research in social psychology. We introduce key insights, theoretical notions, and paradigmatic features of the dynamical perspective, map these ideas onto established social psychological phenomena, and suggest new areas of investigation that reflect these ideas. In so doing, we outline the means by which complex interpersonal phenomena can be understood in terms of simple models involving principles and mechanisms common to a wide variety of dynamical systems. We conclude by indicating how DST resolves the implicit trade-off between insight and scientific rigor in social psychology, provides a heuristic for theory construction and hypothesis generation, and holds potential for establishing theoretical coherence within a fragmented field and for integrating the field as a whole with other areas of science.

Groups and crowd simulation

Soraia Musse — 2007-10-19T09:34:53-00:00

(2005)

Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation

N Pelechano — 2007-08-11T03:42:29-00:00

(2007), pp. 99-108.

The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind

Gustave Bon — 2007-06-04T02:07:54-00:00

(06 March 1896)

A brilliantly instructive treatise on the general characteristics and mental unity of a crowd, its sentiments and morality, ideas, reasoning power, imagination, opinions, and much more. A must-read volume not only for students of history, sociology, law and psychology, but for every politician, statesman, investor, and marketing manager. Newly designed and typeset in a modern 6-by-9-inch format by Waking Lion Press.

A Model of Human Crowd Behavior: Group Inter-Relationship and Collision Detection Analysis

SR Musse — 2006-10-17T08:50:07-00:00

(1997), pp. 39-52.

This paper presents a model of crowd behavior to simulate the motion of a generic population in a specific environment. The individual parameters are created by a distributed random behavioral model which is determined by few parameters. This paper explores an approach based on the relationship between the autonomous virtual humans of a crowd and the emergent behavior originated from it. We have used some concepts from sociology to represent some specific behaviors and represent the visual...

Modeling individual behaviors in crowd simulation

A Braun — 2007-09-14T13:00:11-00:00

Computer Animation and Social Agents, 2003. 16th International Conference on (2003), pp. 143-148.

This paper presents a model for studying the impact of individual agent characteristics in emergent groups, based on the evacuation efficiency as a result of local interactions. We used the physically based model of crowd simulation proposed by Helbing et al. (2000) and generalized it in order to deal with different individualities for agent and group behaviors. In addition, we present a framework to visualize the virtual agents and discuss the obtained results. A variety of simulations with different parameter sets shows significant impact on the evacuation scenario.

Statistical physics of social dynamics

Claudio Castellano — 2007-10-18T16:28:55-00:00

(17 Oct 2007)

Statistical physics has proven to be a very fruitful framework to describe phenomena outside the realm of traditional physics. The last years have witnessed the attempt by physicists to study collective phenomena emerging from the interactions of individuals as elementary units in social structures. Here we review the state of the art by focusing on three major research lines i.e., opinion, cultural and language dynamics. In addition we discuss other social phenomena, such as crowd behavior, hierarchy formation, human dynamics, social spreading. We highlight the connections between these problems and other, more traditional, topics of statistical physics. We also emphasize the comparison of model results with empirical data from social systems.

Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model

Craig Reynolds — 2005-03-17T00:12:00-00:00

Vol. 21, No. 4. (July 1987), pp. 25-34.

Self-Organization in High-Density Bacterial Colonies: Efficient Crowd Control

Hojung Cho — 2007-11-20T11:23:53-00:00

PLoS Biology, Vol. 5, No. 11. (1 November 2007), e302.

Colonies of bacterial cells can display complex collective dynamics, frequently culminating in the formation of biofilms and other ordered super-structures. Recent studies suggest that to cope with local environmental challenges, bacterial cells can actively seek out small chambers or cavities and assemble there, engaging in quorum sensing behavior. By using a novel microfluidic device, we showed that within chambers of distinct shapes and sizes allowing continuous cell escape, bacterial colonies can gradually self-organize. The directions of orientation of cells, their growth, and collective motion are mutually correlated and dictated by the chamber walls and locations of chamber exits. The ultimate highly organized steady state is conducive to a more-organized escape of cells from the chambers and increased access of nutrients into and evacuation of waste out of the colonies. Using a computational model, we suggest that the lengths of the cells might be optimized to maximize self-organization while minimizing the potential for stampede-like exit blockage. The self-organization described here may be crucial for the early stage of the organization of high-density bacterial colonies populating small, physically confined growth niches. It suggests that this phenomenon can play a critical role in bacterial biofilm initiation and development of other complex multicellular bacterial super-structures, including those implicated in infectious diseases.

Continuum crowds

Adrien Treuille — 2007-01-04T17:43:23-00:00

(2006), pp. 1160-1168.

An Extensible Collision Avoidance Model for Realistic Self-Driven Autonomous Agents

Wee Koh — 2008-03-27T16:59:32-00:00

(2007), pp. 7-14.

Simulating dynamical features of escape panic.

D Helbing — 2005-07-26T04:29:13-00:00

Nature, Vol. 407, No. 6803. (28 September 2000), pp. 487-490.

One of the most disastrous forms of collective human behaviour is the kind of crowd stampede induced by panic, often leading to fatalities as people are crushed or trampled. Sometimes this behaviour is triggered in life-threatening situations such as fires in crowded buildings; at other times, stampedes can arise during the rush for seats or seemingly without cause. Although engineers are finding ways to alleviate the scale of such disasters, their frequency seems to be increasing with the number and size of mass events. But systematic studies of panic behaviour and quantitative theories capable of predicting such crowd dynamics are rare. Here we use a model of pedestrian behaviour to investigate the mechanisms of (and preconditions for) panic and jamming by uncoordinated motion in crowds. Our simulations suggest practical ways to prevent dangerous crowd pressures. Moreover, we find an optimal strategy for escape from a smoke-filled room, involving a mixture of individualistic behaviour and collective 'herding' instinct.

Simulation of the Evacuation of a Football Stadium Using the CA Model PedGo

H Klüpfel — 2007-10-19T09:40:58-00:00

Traffic and Granular Flow ’03 (2005), pp. 423-428.

Computer simulations have become an important tool for analysing egress processes and assessing evacuation concepts. Especially so called microscopic models can by now be considered state of the art. In this paper we will describe the software PedGo which is based on a 2D cellular automaton and its application to the simulation of evacuations form large and complex structures. The focus is on the practical application to full-scale scenarios. As an example, we show results for the egress from a football stadium.

A computer model for the evacuation of large building populations

Peter Thompson — 2007-10-19T09:23:03-00:00

Fire Safety Journal, Vol. 24, No. 2. (1995), pp. 131-148.

The computer model `SIMULEX' is designed to simulate the escape movement of thousands of individual people through large, geometrically complex building spaces. The model is intended for use both as a research and design tool to analyse the evacuation of large populations through a wide range of building environments. The computer program assigns a variety of attributes to each individual in the building population. These attributes include a co-ordinate position, angle of orientation, and a walking speed for each person. Specific algorithms that facilitate the simulation of escape movement include distance mapping, wayfinding, overtaking, route deviation, and adjustments to individual speeds due to the proximity of crowd members. These algorithms contribute to a computer package that displays the building plan and the position and progress of individual building occupants as they walk towards, and through the exits.

Polynomial time algorithms for some evacuation problems

Bruce Hoppe — 2006-03-04T21:50:22-00:00

(1994), pp. 433-441.