Sat, 26 Jul 2008 04:32:44 BST CiteULike: Tag anticipation http://www.citeulike.org/tag/anticipation CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/stefanherzog/article/315930 <i>J Neurosci, Vol. 21, No. 16. (15 August 2001)</i><br /><br />Comparative studies have implicated the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the anticipation of incentives, but the relative responsiveness of this neural substrate during anticipation of rewards versus punishments remains unclear. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether the anticipation of increasing monetary rewards and punishments would increase NAcc blood oxygen level-dependent contrast (hereafter, "activation") in eight healthy volunteers. Whereas anticipation of increasing rewards elicited both increasing self-reported happiness and NAcc activation, anticipation of increasing punishment elicited neither. However, anticipation of both rewards and punishments activated a different striatal region (the medial caudate). At the highest reward level ($5.00), NAcc activation was correlated with individual differences in self-reported happiness elicited by the reward cues. These findings suggest that whereas other striatal areas may code for expected incentive magnitude, a region in the NAcc codes for expected positive incentive value. Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens. B Knutson CM Adams GW Fong D Hommer J Neurosci, Vol. 21, No. 16. (15 August 2001) 2005-09-12T15:56:16-00:00 2001 J Neurosci 1529-2401 21 16 anticipation money neuroeconomics neuroscience nucleus-accumbens reward http://www.citeulike.org/user/stefanherzog/article/214190 <i>Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 97, No. 2. (July 2005), pp. 152-160.</i><br /><br />People experience regret when they realize that they would have been better off had they decided differently. Hence, a central element in regret is the comparability of a decision outcome with the outcomes forgone. Up to now, however, the comparison process that is so essential to the experience of regret has not been the subject of psychological research. In this article, we tune in on the comparison dependency of regret. We argue that factors that reduce the tendency to compare attenuate regret, and demonstrate that uncertainty about counterfactual outcomes (Experiment 1), and incomparability of counterfactual and factual outcomes (Experiments 2 and 3) produce such effects. On the psychology of 'if only': Regret and the comparison between factual and counterfactual outcomes Eric van Dijk Marcel Zeelenberg doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.04.001 Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 97, No. 2. (July 2005), pp. 152-160. 2005-05-30T13:16:30-00:00 2005 Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 97 2 152 160 anticipation choice comparison counterfactuals decision-making emotion expectation regret http://www.citeulike.org/user/stefanherzog/article/176775 <i>Neuropsychologia, Vol. 42, No. 12. (2004), pp. 1585-1597.</i><br /><br />We examined neural activations during decision-making using fMRI paired with the wheel of fortune task, a newly developed two-choice decision-making task with probabilistic monetary gains. In particular, we assessed the impact of high-reward/risk events relative to low-reward/risk events on neural activations during choice selection and during reward anticipation. Seventeen healthy adults completed the study. We found, in line with predictions, that (i) the selection phase predominantly recruited regions involved in visuo-spatial attention (occipito-parietal pathway), conflict (anterior cingulate), manipulation of quantities (parietal cortex), and preparation for action (premotor area), whereas the anticipation phase prominently recruited regions engaged in reward processes (ventral striatum); and (ii) high-reward/risk conditions relative to low-reward/risk conditions were associated with a greater neural response in ventral striatum during selection, though not during anticipation. Following an a priori ROI analysis focused on orbitofrontal cortex, we observed orbitofrontal cortex activation (BA 11 and 47) during selection (particularly to high-risk/reward options), and to a more limited degree, during anticipation. These findings support the notion that (1) distinct, although overlapping, pathways subserve the processes of selection and anticipation in a two-choice task of probabilistic monetary reward; (2) taking a risk and awaiting the consequence of a risky decision seem to affect neural activity differently in selection and anticipation; and thus (3) common structures, including the ventral striatum, are modulated differently by risk/reward during selection and anticipation. Choice selection and reward anticipation: an fMRI study. M Ernst EE Nelson EB McClure CS Monk S Munson N Eshel E Zarahn E Leibenluft A Zametkin K Towbin J Blair D Charney DS Pine doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.05.011 Neuropsychologia, Vol. 42, No. 12. (2004), pp. 1585-1597. 2005-05-02T15:44:48-00:00 2004 Neuropsychologia 0028-3932 42 12 1585 1597 anticipation decision-making fmri neuroeconomics reward risk uncertainty http://www.citeulike.org/user/shupsy/article/1605640 <i>NeuroImage, Vol. 24, No. 1. (1 January 2005), pp. 253-259.</i><br /><br />Risk anticipation is an important cognitive/emotional component of decision making. The Iowa Gambling Task [Bechara, A., Damasio, A.R., Damasio, H., Anderson, S.W., 1994. Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition 50, 7-15], which is the most widely used "risk-anticipation task" in clinical studies, has been demonstrated to be sensitive to lesions involving the ventromedial prefrontal cortex or amygdala. However, the critical neural circuitry involved in this complex task has not yet been fully clarified even in healthy subjects. Using a 3-T scanner, we performed an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study in 14 healthy subjects performing the task. The statistical parametric mapping showed that the risk anticipation component (risky decisions minus safe decisions) exclusively activated the medial frontal gyrus. Furthermore, we found a significant interindividual correlation between the task performance and the magnitude of brain activity during risky decisions. These results indicate that the Iowa Gambling Task does recruit the neural circuitry that is critical in decision making under uncertainty, particularly when subjects perceive the risk of their decision. Functional activity related to risk anticipation during performance of the Iowa gambling task Hiroki Fukui Toshiya Murai Hidenao Fukuyama Takuji Hayashi Takashi Hanakawa doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.08.028 NeuroImage, Vol. 24, No. 1. (1 January 2005), pp. 253-259. 2007-08-29T15:48:22-00:00 2005 NeuroImage 24 1 253 259 anticipation decision-making iowa-gambling-task risk-uncertainty http://www.citeulike.org/user/sherdim/article/2571099 <i>Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 17, No. 1. (March 2008), pp. 136-144.</i><br /><br />This study investigates whether the conscious awareness of action is based on predictive motor control processes, or on inferential "sense-making" process that occur after the action itself. We investigated whether the temporal binding between perceptual estimates of operant actions and their effects depends on the occurrence of the effect (inferential processes) or on the prediction that the effect will occur (predictive processes). By varying the probability with which a simple manual action produced an auditory effect, we showed that both the actual and the predicted occurrence of the effect played a role. When predictability of the effect of action was low, temporal binding was found only on those trials where the auditory effect occurred. In contrast, when predictability of the effect of action was high, temporal binding occurred even on trials where the action produced no effect. Further analysis showed that the predictive process is modulated by recent experience of the action-effect relation. We conclude that the experience of action depends on a dynamic combination of predictive and inferential processes. Awareness of action: Inference and prediction James Moore Patrick Haggard doi:10.1016/j.concog.2006.12.004 Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 17, No. 1. (March 2008), pp. 136-144. 2008-03-22T05:45:19-00:00 2008 Consciousness and Cognition 17 1 136 144 action anticipation motor paper probability time visual http://www.citeulike.org/user/sherdim/article/2571098 <i>Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 17, No. 1. (March 2008), pp. 203-209.</i><br /><br />When participants make judgments about the onset of self-initiated movements they typically report the movement occurred earlier than it had [Obhi, S. S., & Haggard, P. (2004). Free will and free won't. American Scientific, 92, 358-365.]. One interpretation is that feed-forward processes lead to awareness of the movement prior to execution. Because individuals with autism experience reduced preparatory activity prior to a voluntary movement, the present study sought to determine whether these anticipatory biases are exhibited by persons with autism. Participants watched a dot move in a circle and pressed the spacebar any time after one revolution. A tone either followed the participants' voluntary movement or was computer generated. Participants in both groups made anticipatory judgements regarding movement initiation (~100 ms). When the movement and tone occurred together this anticipatory bias was also present, regardless of which event participants focused on. Individuals with autism appear to have access to a similar representation of voluntary movements, however this representation may be more variable. Temporal judgements of internal and external events in persons with and without autism Cheryl Glazebrook Digby Elliott James Lyons doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.03.001 Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 17, No. 1. (March 2008), pp. 203-209. 2008-03-22T05:42:37-00:00 2008 Consciousness and Cognition 17 1 203 209 anticipation movement time http://www.citeulike.org/user/sherdim/article/2428771 <i>Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol. 34, No. 1. (February 2008), pp. 113-124.</i><br /><br />When participants control the horizontal movements of a stimulus and indicate its vanishing point after it unexpectedly vanishes, the perceived vanishing point is displaced beyond the actual vanishing point, and the size of the displacement is directly related to the action-effect anticipation one has to generate to successfully control the stimulus. The present experiments examined whether learning a pattern of action-effect anticipation would later impact one's perception of moving stimuli. While 1 participant (the controller) controlled a dot's movements across a computer screen, another (the observer), who could neither see nor hear the controller, watched the dot's movements on a separate monitor. When the dot unexpectedly vanished, the observer indicated the vanishing point. After 40 trials, participants switched roles. While serving as observers, all participants generated forward displacements, but those who did so after acquiring control experience produced larger displacement. Subsequent experiments indicated the larger displacement was due to action-effect anticipation the participants learned while either controlling the dot or observing another do so. Learned Patterns of Action-Effect Anticipation Contribute to the Spatial Displacement of Continuously Moving Stimuli Scott Jordan Matthew Hunsinger doi:10.1037/0096-1523.34.1.113 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, Vol. 34, No. 1. (February 2008), pp. 113-124. 2008-02-26T08:51:40-00:00 2008 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 34 1 113 124 animation anticipation illusion learning http://www.citeulike.org/user/sherdim/article/1826695 <i>Brain and Cognition, Vol. 65, No. 2. (November 2007), pp. 145-168.</i><br /><br />The human brain is not a passive organ simply waiting to be activated by external stimuli. Instead, we propose that the brain continuously employs memory of past experiences to interpret sensory information and predict the immediately relevant future. The basic elements of this proposal include analogical mapping, associative representations and the generation of predictions. This review concentrates on visual recognition as the model system for developing and testing ideas about the role and mechanisms of top-down predictions in the brain. We cover relevant behavioral, computational and neural aspects, explore links to emotion and action preparation, and consider clinical implications for schizophrenia and dyslexia. We then discuss the extension of the general principles of this proposal to other cognitive domains. Top-down predictions in the cognitive brain Kestutis Kveraga Avniel Ghuman Moshe Bar doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.06.007 Brain and Cognition, Vol. 65, No. 2. (November 2007), pp. 145-168. 2007-10-26T20:23:49-00:00 2007 Brain and Cognition 65 2 145 168 anticipation expectance prediction http://www.citeulike.org/user/sherdim/article/1571509 <i>Psychophysiology, Vol. 44, No. 6. (November 2007), pp. 918-926.</i><br /><br />Abstract Cognitive anticipation of a stimulus has been associated with an ERP called "stimulus preceding negativity" (SPN). A new auditory delay task without stimulus-related motor activity demonstrated a prefrontal SPN, present during attentive anticipation of sounds with closed eyes, but absent during distraction of attention and during attention with fixed gaze. ERP maxima found near the eyes required examination of eye movement interference, wherefore six monopolar EOG electrodes were included. Similarities between ERPs and potentials evoked by voluntary eye movements with respect to spatial distribution and polarities of amplitudes around the eyes and over the frontal cortex suggested that, in the closed-eyes condition, small involuntary downward eye movements occurred during attentive anticipation of sounds. Analyses of single trials corroborated this interpretation. On this basis it is suggested that the SPN was caused by such eye movements. Contributions from eye movement potentials to stimulus preceding negativity during anticipation of auditory stimulation Lis Engdahl Vicky Bjerre Gert Christoffersen doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00559.x Psychophysiology, Vol. 44, No. 6. (November 2007), pp. 918-926. 2007-08-17T10:34:11-00:00 2007 Psychophysiology 44 6 918 926 anticipation artefact cnv eog svn http://www.citeulike.org/user/sherdim/article/2571084 <i>Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 17, No. 1. (March 2008), pp. 185-202.</i><br /><br />This paper uses the Process Dissociation Procedure to explore whether people can acquire unconscious knowledge in the serial reaction time task [Destrebecqz, A., & Cleeremans, A. (2001). Can sequence learning be implicit? New evidence with the Process Dissociation Procedure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8, 343-350; Wilkinson, L., & Shanks, D. R. (2004). Intentional control and implicit sequence learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 30, 354-369]. Experiment 1 showed that people generated legal sequences above baseline levels under exclusion instructions. Reward moved exclusion performance towards baseline, indicating that the extent of motivation in the test phase influenced the expression of unconscious knowledge. Experiments 2 and 3 revealed that even with reward, adding noise to the sequences or shortening training led to above-baseline exclusion performance, suggesting that task difficulty and the amount of training also affected the expression of unconscious knowledge. The results help resolve some current debates about the role of conscious awareness in sequence learning. Implicit sequence learning and conscious awareness Qiufang Fu Xiaolan Fu Zoltan Dienes doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.01.007 Consciousness and Cognition, Vol. 17, No. 1. (March 2008), pp. 185-202. 2008-03-22T05:31:44-00:00 2008 Consciousness and Cognition 17 1 185 202 anticipation learning number sequence visual http://www.citeulike.org/user/sherdim/article/2281122 <i>J Cogn Neurosci (17 January 2008)</i><br /><br />Abstract The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the cerebellum are assumed to contribute to anticipatory motor control. Thus, it is reasonable that these areas act as a functional unit. To identify a neural signature of anticipatory motor control, 11 healthy volunteers performed a bimanual finger-tapping task with respect to isochronous (i.e., regular) and randomized (i.e., irregular) auditory pacing. Neuromagnetic activity was recorded using a 122-channel whole-head neuromagnetometer. Functional interaction between spatially distributed brain areas was determined by measures of tap-related phase synchronization. Assuming that (i) the cerebellum predicts sensory events by an internal model and (ii) the PPC maintains this prediction, we hypothesized that functional interaction between both structures varies depending on the predictability of the pacing signal. During isochronous pacing, functional connectivity within a cerebello-diencephalic-parietal network before tap onset was evident, suggesting anticipatory motor control. During randomized pacing, however, functional connectivity after tap onset was increased within a parietal-cerebellar loop, suggesting mismatch detection and update of the internal model. Data of the present study imply that anticipatory motor control is implemented in a network-like manner. Our data agree well with the hypothesis that functional connectivity in a cerebello-diencephalic-parietal loop might be crucial for anticipatory motor control, whereas parietal-cerebellar interaction might be critical for feedback processing. Evidence for Anticipatory Motor Control within a Cerebello-Diencephalic-Parietal Network. Bettina Pollok Joachim Gross Daniel Kamp Alfons Schnitzler doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20506 J Cogn Neurosci (17 January 2008) 2008-01-23T16:33:40-00:00 2008 J Cogn Neurosci 0898-929X anticipation cerebellum motor time http://www.citeulike.org/user/sensesublime/article/1541658 <i>Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, Vol. 19, No. 3. (May 2004), pp. 259-268.</i><br /><br />In the present high-resolution electroencephalographic (EEG) study, event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) of alpha rhythms was computed during an S1-S2 paradigm, in which a visual cue (S1) predicted a SHORT (600 ms) or LONG (1400 ms) foreperiod, preceding a visual go stimulus (S2) triggering right or left finger movement. Could orienting attention to a selective point in time influence the alpha rhythms as a function of the SHORT vs. LONG foreperiod? Stronger selective attentional modulations were predicted for the SHORT than LONG condition. EEG data from 54 channels were "depurated" from phase-locked visual evoked potentials and spatially enhanced by surface Laplacian estimation (i.e., final data analysis was conducted on 16 subjects having a sufficient number of artifact-free EEG single trials). Low-band alpha rhythms (about 6-10 Hz) were supposed to be related to anticipatory attentional processes, whereas high-band alpha rhythms (10-12 Hz) would indicate task-specific visuo-motor processes. Compared to the LONG condition (foreperiod), the SHORT condition induced a quicker and stronger ERS at low-band alpha rhythm (about 6-8 Hz) over midline and bilateral prefrontal, sensorimotor, and posterior parietal areas. In contrast, the concomitant high-band alpha (about 10-12 Hz) ERD/ERS showed no significant difference between the two conditions. In conclusion, temporal attention for a sub-second delay (800 ms) did modulate low-band alpha rhythm over large regions of both cortical hemispheres. Sub-second "temporal attention" modulates alpha rhythms. A high-resolution EEG study. C Babiloni C Miniussi F Babiloni F Carducci F Cincotti C Del Percio G Sirello C Fracassi AC Nobre PM Rossini doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2003.12.010 Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, Vol. 19, No. 3. (May 2004), pp. 259-268. 2007-08-07T18:15:44-00:00 2004 Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 0926-6410 19 3 259 268 alpha anticipation eeg iti http://www.citeulike.org/user/sensesublime/article/1414967 <i>Neuroreport, Vol. 9, No. 17. (1 December 1998), pp. 3929-3933.</i><br /><br />High-density eeg recordings revealed sensory specific modulation of anticipatory parieto-occipital approximately 10 Hz oscillatory activity when visually presented word cues instructed subjects in an intermodal selective attention paradigm. Cueing attention to the auditory features of imminent compound audio-visual stimuli resulted in significantly higher approximately 10 Hz amplitude in the period preceding onset of this stimulus than when attention was cued to the visual features. We propose that this parieto-occipital approximately 10 Hz activity reflects a disengaged visual attentional system in preparation for anticipated auditory input that is attentionally more relevant. Conversely, lower approximately 10 Hz activity during the attend-visual condition may reflect active engagement of parieto-occipital areas in the anticipatory period. These results support models implicating parieto-occipital areas in the directing and maintenance of visual attention. Parieto-occipital approximately 10 Hz activity reflects anticipatory state of visual attention mechanisms. JJ Foxe GV Simpson SP Ahlfors Neuroreport, Vol. 9, No. 17. (1 December 1998), pp. 3929-3933. 2007-06-27T06:27:45-00:00 1998 Neuroreport 0959-4965 9 17 3929 3933 alpha anticipation auditory eeg visual http://www.citeulike.org/user/sensesublime/article/1424380 <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 104, No. 25. (19 June 2007), pp. 10330-10334.</i><br /><br />The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been suggested as a monitoring center that is responsible for online detection of response conflicts. In this view, the conflict signal detected by the ACC is transmitted to other brain regions, such as the dorsal part of the lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC), to increase the level of cognitive control. In this functional MRI (fMRI) study, we examined the conflict resolution that goes beyond online detection of response conflicts. Participants learned pseudoarithmetic problem-solving tasks that involve stimulus-response mapping rules with high or low conflicts. On half of the trials, participants had a preview of the upcoming operator that allowed advance preparation for the mapping rules. The preview significantly reduced the conflict effects on latency. During the preview, both the ACC and lPFC were activated in anticipation of conflict, and this anticipatory activation was highly predictive of the subsequent latency. These results suggest that the ACC and lPFC are responsible for both anticipatory preparation and online adjustment in response to conflicts. The results also confirm the roles of the lPFC and ACC in managing conflict during problem solving and extend these roles to include responding to anticipation of conflicts that may arise between incompatible stimulus-response mappings maintained in working memory during preparation. Anticipation of conflict monitoring in the anterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex. MH Sohn MV Albert K Jung CS Carter JR Anderson doi:10.1073/pnas.0703225104 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 104, No. 25. (19 June 2007), pp. 10330-10334. 2007-06-30T04:49:14-00:00 2007 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 0027-8424 104 25 10330 10334 acc anticipation conflict fmri pfc http://www.citeulike.org/user/sensesublime/article/1178598 <i>J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 9. (28 February 2007), pp. 2272-2282.</i><br /><br />Response anticipation and response conflict processes are supported by executive control. However, few neuroimaging studies have attempted to study the relationship between these two processes in the same experimental session. In this study, we isolated brain activity associated with response anticipation (after a cue to prepare vs relax) and with response conflict (responding to a target with incongruent vs congruent flankers) and examined the independence and interaction of brain networks supporting these processes using event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Response anticipation generated a contingent negative variation ERP that correlated with shorter reaction times, and was associated with activation of a thalamo-cortico-striatal network, as well as increased gamma band power in frontal and parietal regions, and decreased spectral power in theta, alpha, and beta bands in most regions. Response conflict was associated with increased activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prefrontal cortex of the executive control network, with an overlap in activation with response anticipation in regions including the middle frontal gyrus, ACC, and superior parietal lobule. Although the executive control network showed increased activation in response to unanticipated versus anticipated targets, the response conflict effect was not altered by response anticipation. These results suggest that common regions of a dorsal frontoparietal network and the ACC are engaged in the flexible control of a wide range of executive processes, and that response anticipation modulates overall activity in the executive control network but does not interact with response conflict processing. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3470-06.2007 Response Anticipation and Response Conflict: An Event-Related Potential and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Jin Fan Rachel Kolster Jamshid Ghajar Minah Suh Robert Knight Ranjeeta Sarkar Bruce Mccandliss doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3470 J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 9. (28 February 2007), pp. 2272-2282. 2007-03-21T04:07:57-00:00 2007 J. Neurosci. 27 9 2272 2282 anticipation cnv conflict eeg fmri http://www.citeulike.org/user/sensesublime/article/1420395 <i>Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, Vol. 12, No. 1. (August 2001), pp. 145-152.</i><br /><br />Recent studies show that in addition to enhancing neural processing for attentionally relevant stimuli, selective attention also operates by suppressing the processing of distracter stimuli. When subjects are pre-cued to selectively deploy attention during voluntary (endogenous) attentional tasks, these mechanisms can be set up in advance of actual stimulus processing. That is, the brain can be placed in a biased attentional state. Two recent cueing studies have provided evidence for the deployment of such biased attentional states [J.J. Foxe, G.V. Simpson, S.P. Ahlfors, Neuroreport 9 (1998) 3929-3933; M.S. Worden, J.J. Foxe, N. Wang, G.V. Simpson, J. Neurosci. 20:RC63 (2000) 1-6]. Specifically, these studies implicated oscillatory activity in the alpha frequency-band (8-14 Hz) as an anticipatory mechanism for suppressing distracter visual stimulation. The current study extends these findings by showing that this alpha-suppressive effect is also invoked by cross-modal cues. Auditory symbolic cues were used in an intermodal attention task, to direct subjects' attention to a subsequent task in either the visual or auditory modality. Cueing attention to the auditory features of the imminent task stimuli resulted in significantly higher parieto-occipital alpha amplitude in the period preceding onset of this stimulus than when attention was cued to the visual features. Topographic mapping suggests that this effect is generated in regions of the inferior parietal cortex, areas that have been repeatedly implicated in the engagement and maintenance of visual attention. Taken together, the results of this series of studies suggest that these parietal regions are capable of integrating sensory cues from multiple sensory modalities in order to program the subsequent deployment of visual attention. Attention-dependent suppression of distracter visual input can be cross-modally cued as indexed by anticipatory parieto-occipital alpha-band oscillations. KM Fu JJ Foxe MM Murray BA Higgins DC Javitt CE Schroeder Brain Res Cogn Brain Res, Vol. 12, No. 1. (August 2001), pp. 145-152. 2007-06-28T20:05:17-00:00 2001 Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 0926-6410 12 1 145 152 alpha anticipation eeg http://www.citeulike.org/user/sekulerlab/article/2649409 <i>Journal of cognitive neuroscience (27 March 2008)</i><br /><br />Abstract Humans demonstrate an amazing ability for intercepting and catching moving targets, most noticeably in fast-speed ball games. However, the few studies exploring the neural bases of interception in humans and the classical studies on visual motion processing and visuomotor interactions have reported rather long latencies of cortical activations that cannot explain the performances observed in most natural interceptive actions. The aim of our experiment was twofold: (1) describe the spatio-temporal unfolding of cortical activations involved in catching a moving target and (2) provide evidence that fast cortical responses can be elicited by a visuomotor task with high temporal constraints and decide if these responses are task or stimulus dependent. Neuromagnetic brain activity was recorded with whole-head coverage while subjects were asked to catch a free-falling ball or simply pay attention to the ball trajectory. A fast, likely stimulus-dependent, propagation of neural activity was observed along the dorsal visual pathway in both tasks. Evaluation of latencies of activations in the main cortical regions involved in the tasks revealed that this entire network of regions was activated within 40 msec. Moreover, comparison of experimental conditions revealed similar patterns of activation except in contralateral sensorimotor regions where common and catch-specific activations were differentiated. Cortical Dynamics of Anticipatory Mechanisms in Interception: A Neuromagnetic Study. Patrice Senot Sylvain Baillet Bernard Renault Alain Berthoz doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.20129 Journal of cognitive neuroscience (27 March 2008) 2008-04-10T14:20:33-00:00 2008 Journal of cognitive neuroscience 0898-929X anticipation cortical-dynamics motion spatiotemporal visuomotor http://www.citeulike.org/user/scis0000001/article/568198 <i>(2000)</i><br /><br />Our central claim is that user interactions with everyday productivity applications (e.g., word processors, Web browsers, etc.) provide rich contextual information that can be leveraged to support just-in-time access to task-relevant information. We discuss the requirements for such systems, and develop a general architecture for systems of this type. As evidence for our claim, we present Watson, a system which gathers contextual information in the form of the text of the document the user is... User Interactions with Everyday Applications as Context for Just-in-Time Information Access J Budzik KJ Hammond (2000) 2006-03-29T16:53:38-00:00 2000 ACM Press anticipation assistance assistant augmenting goal-oriented interactivity just-in-time monitoring prediction proactive problem-oriented problem-solving process-oriented real-time relevance-feedback semdesk semweb suggester support supporting task-oriented temporal traces tracing ui http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/722201 <i>Brain Res, Vol. 1090, No. 1. (23 May 2006), pp. 163-171.</i><br /><br />Studies of manual and digital sequence learning indicate that motor memories continue to be processed after training has ended, following a succession of identifiable steps. However, it is not known whether this offline memory processing constitutes a basic feature of motor learning and generalizes to the implicit learning of a sequence of eye movements. To assess this hypothesis, we have created the serial oculomotor reaction time task (SORT). Participants were trained to the SORT then tested after either 30 min, 5 h or 24 h. During training, ocular reaction times decreased monotonically over practice of a repeated sequence, then increased when a different sequence was displayed, demonstrating oculomotor learning of the trained sequence. When tested 30 min after training, a significant gain in oculomotor performance was observed irrespective of the sequence learning. This gain was no longer present after 5 h. Remarkably, a gain in performance specific to the learned sequence emerged only 24 h after training. After testing, a generation task confirmed that most subjects learned implicitly the regularities of the sequence. Our results show that, as for manual or digital sequences, oculomotor sequences can be implicitly learned. The offline processing of oculomotor memories follows distinct stages in a way similar to those observed after manual or digital sequence learning. Implicit oculomotor sequence learning in humans: Time course of offline processing. G Albouy P Ruby C Phillips A Luxen P Peigneux P Maquet doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.03.076 Brain Res, Vol. 1090, No. 1. (23 May 2006), pp. 163-171. 2006-07-02T02:40:04-00:00 2006 Brain Res 0006-8993 1090 1 163 171 anticipation learning oculomotor retention serial http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/1035397 <i>Vision Res, Vol. 46, No. 4. (February 2006), pp. 485-490.</i><br /><br />The processing of visual motion was tested by means of event related potentials recording (ERP) using a paradigm designed to produce a visual mismatch negativity effect. The stimuli were unattended and presented in the peripheral visual field (outside the central 15 degrees). The standard stimulus consisted of an up/down motion sequence, whilst the deviant stimulus of a down/up motion sequence. Significant ERP differences between the standard and deviant conditions were found in 8 out of 10 adult subjects already in 80 ms and prevailingly in interval 145-260 ms from the initial stimulus presentation. The results demonstrate that the magnocellular information undergoes processing capable of detecting differences in the sequence of unattended peripheral motion stimuli. Visual mismatch negativity elicited by magnocellular system activation. J Kremlácek M Kuba Z Kubová J Langrová doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.10.001 Vision Res, Vol. 46, No. 4. (February 2006), pp. 485-490. 2007-01-11T06:20:43-00:00 2006 Vision Res 0042-6989 46 4 485 490 anticipation erp motion sequence http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/345457 <i>Exp Brain Res, Vol. 164, No. 4. (August 2005), pp. 423-430.</i><br /><br />Human smooth pursuit eye movements are principally driven by visual feedback and cannot normally be initiated at will. However, when tracking periodic motion, smooth eye movements reverse direction prior to target reversal, driven by anticipation, not visual feedback. Here, we investigate cognitive control over such eye reversals. Target stimuli were discrete double ramps-constant speed (30 degrees /s) rightwards followed by similar leftward movement, reversal time ranging from 420 ms to 840 ms. Three experimental conditions were examined. In the precued condition, double ramps of randomised reversal time were presented. Prior to ramp presentation audio precues were given with an interval indicating start and reversal time of the unseen, upcoming double ramp. Subjects were able to use these cues to voluntarily control timing of anticipatory eye reversal, so that when occasional false precues gave underestimates of target reversal time, eye reversal occurred before target reversal. Precued eye reversal times were comparable to those in a second, predictable condition, in which double ramps with identical reversal time were given repeatedly without precues. In contrast, reversal occurred much later in a third, reactive condition, also without precues, when unexpected early target reversals occurred sporadically within a series having identical, predictable reversal times. The findings provide evidence that timing of anticipatory smooth eye movement, both at the start of the double-ramp and at its reversal, can be independently controlled at will using non-motion-based timing cues. The use of non-motion-based cues to pre-programme the timing of predictive velocity reversal in human smooth pursuit. C Jarrett G Barnes doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2260-7 Exp Brain Res, Vol. 164, No. 4. (August 2005), pp. 423-430. 2005-10-08T02:58:56-00:00 2005 Exp Brain Res 0014-4819 164 4 423 430 anticipation auditory av-interactions pursuit spem tracking http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/722204 <i>Brain Res, Vol. 1080, No. 1. (29 March 2006), pp. 63-72.</i><br /><br />Physiological studies in humans and monkeys have revealed that, in response to an instruction to attend, areas of sensory cortex that code the attributes of the expected stimulus exhibit increases in neural activity prior to the arrival of the stimulus. Models of selective visual attention posit that these increases in activity give attended stimuli a processing advantage over distracting stimuli. Here, we test two key predictions of this view by using functional magnetic resonance imaging to record human brain activity during a cued voluntary orienting task. First, we tested whether pre-stimulus modulations are observed during both cued spatial and cued feature attention. Secondly, we tested whether the magnitude of pre-stimulus modulations predicts behavioral performance. Our results indicate that cue-triggered expectation of targets with particular spatial or nonspatial features activates areas of the visual cortex selective for these features. Furthermore, the magnitude of the cue-triggered modulations correlated with behavioral measures, such that those subjects who exhibited relatively large pre-stimulus modulations of activity performed better on the behavioral task. These findings support the view that top-down control systems bias activity in sensory cortices to favor the processing of expected target features and that this bias is related to behavior. Pre-target activity in visual cortex predicts behavioral performance on spatial and feature attention tasks. B Giesbrecht DH Weissman MG Woldorff GR Mangun doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.09.068 Brain Res, Vol. 1080, No. 1. (29 March 2006), pp. 63-72. 2006-07-02T02:56:05-00:00 2006 Brain Res 0006-8993 1080 1 63 72 anticipation attention fmri top-down vision http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/344975 <i>Exp Brain Res, Vol. 165, No. 4. (September 2005), pp. 490-504.</i><br /><br />Moving to a rhythm necessitates precise timing between the movement of the chosen limb and the timing imposed by the beats. However, the temporal information specifying the moment when a beat will sound (the moment onto which one must synchronise one's movement) is not continuously provided by the acoustic array. Because of this informational void, the actors need some form of prospective information that will allow them to act sufficiently ahead of time in order to get their hand in the right place at the right time. In this acoustic interception study, where participants were asked to move between two targets in such a way that they arrived and stopped in the target zone at the same time as a beat sounded, we tested a model derived from tau-coupling theory (Lee DN (1998) Ecol Psychol 10:221-250). This model attempts to explain the form of a potential timing guide that specifies the duration of the inter-beat intervals and also describes how this informational guide can be used in the timing and guidance of movements. The results of our first experiment show that, for inter-beat intervals of less than 3 s, a large proportion of the movement (over 70%) can be explained by the proposed model. However, a second experiment, which augments the time between beats so that it surpasses 3 s, shows a marked decline in the percentage of information/movement coupling. A close analysis of the movement kinematics indicates a lack of control and anticipation in the participants' movements. The implications of these findings, in light of other research studies, are discussed. Intercepting beats in predesignated target zones. Cathy Craig Gert-Jan Pepping Madeleine Grealy doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2322-x Exp Brain Res, Vol. 165, No. 4. (September 2005), pp. 490-504. 2005-10-07T16:28:43-00:00 2005 Exp Brain Res 0014-4819 165 4 490 504 anticipation auditory movement temporal http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/344971 <i>Exp Brain Res, Vol. 165, No. 4. (September 2005), pp. 461-469.</i><br /><br />We have investigated the effects of mental set on predictive capabilities using a saccade square-wave tracking paradigm with ten normal subjects, comparing three amplitudes (10, 20, and 40 degrees ) and five inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs) (400, 500, 625, 1000, and 2000 ms). Subjects were instructed simply to "follow the lights" (passive, reflexive instruction) or explicitly "move your eyes in time with the lights" (active, volitional instruction). Saccades were defined as reflexive (latency>100 ms), predictive (-200 ms<latency<100 ms), or anticipatory (latency<-200 ms). We also calculated arrival time (saccade latency+saccade duration). Instructions had a striking effect on predictive performance. The effects were greatest with the longest ISIs (1000 and 2000 ms) and the largest target displacement (40 degrees ). With the active instruction there were more predictive and anticipatory saccades and with the passive instruction more reflexive saccades. Furthermore, with the active instruction subjects could take into account the duration of the impending saccade so that the eyes would arrive closer to the appearance of the target no matter what the amplitude of the required saccade. In sum, cognitive set, as determined by the specific instructions given to the subject, has a striking effect on predictive saccade behavior, which has important implications for interpreting physiological and imaging correlates of predictive behavior in normals and in patients with neurological disease. Cognitive influences on predictive saccadic tracking. E Isotalo AG Lasker DS Zee doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2317-7 Exp Brain Res, Vol. 165, No. 4. (September 2005), pp. 461-469. 2005-10-07T16:25:08-00:00 2005 Exp Brain Res 0014-4819 165 4 461 469 anticipation cognition instructions saccades http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/952007 <i>Neuroimage, Vol. 16, No. 4. (August 2002), pp. 920-935.</i><br /><br />The execution of movements that are guided by an increasingly complex target motion is known to draw on premotor cortices. Whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate whether, in the absence of any movement, attending to and predicting increasingly complex target motion also rely on premotor cortices. Complexity was varied as a function of number of sequential elements and amount of dynamic sequential trend in a pulsing target motion. As a result, serial prediction caused activations in premotor and parietal cortices, particularly within the right hemisphere. Parametric analyses revealed that the right ventrolateral premotor cortex and the right anterior intraparietal sulcus were the only areas that, in addition, covaried positively with both behavioral and physical measures of sequential complexity. Further areas that covaried positively with increasing task difficulty reflected influences of both number and trend manipulation. In particular, increasing element number drew on dorsal premotor and corresponding posterior intraparietal regions, whereas increasing trend drew on the visual motion area and area V4. The present findings demonstrate that premotor involvement directly reflects perceptual complexity in attended and predicted target motion. It is suggested that when we try to predict how a target will move, the motor system generates a "blueprint" of the observed motion that allows potential sensorimotor integration. In the absence of any motor requirement, this blueprint appears to be not a by-product of motor planning, but rather the basis for target motion prediction. A blueprint for target motion: fMRI reveals perceived sequential complexity to modulate premotor cortex. RI Schubotz DY von Cramon Neuroimage, Vol. 16, No. 4. (August 2002), pp. 920-935. 2006-11-19T16:55:39-00:00 2002 Neuroimage 1053-8119 16 4 920 935 anticipation attention imitation motion predictive sequence serial trajectory http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsekuler/article/345269 <i>Neurosci Lett, Vol. 312, No. 1. (12 October 2001), pp. 25-28.</i><br /><br />Anticipatory smooth pursuit eye movements cannot normally be generated in the absence of a moving target. However, repeated presentation of identical target motion stimuli, preceded by warning cues, leads to the build up of anticipatory smooth pursuit prior to target onset. These anticipatory responses arguably depend more on motor habit than cognitive expectations. Here, we show that directional cues, concomitant with a timing cue, may be used to initiate predictive (velocity scaled) movements in response to target stimuli of random direction. Furthermore, we show stored velocity and timing information may be directionally transferred, thus allowing predictive movements in a novel direction. This demonstrates the internal origin of these movements and their volitional as opposed to reflexive nature. Volitional selection of direction in the generation of anticipatory ocular smooth pursuit in humans. CB Jarrett G Barnes Neurosci Lett, Vol. 312, No. 1. (12 October 2001), pp. 25-28. 2005-10-07T22:03:33-00:00 2001 Neurosci Lett 0304-3940 312 1 25 28 anticipation av-interactions extraretinal predictive pursuit spem http://www.citeulike.org/user/rgb/article/803279 <i>COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS: CASYS 2000 - Fourth International Conference, Vol. 573, No. 1. (2001), pp. 20-27.</i><br /><br />"Can we truly compute, until we understand what information really is?" Gordon Scarrott. A new, mathematically described understanding of physically meaningful information, quantum holography, concerning actual knowledge of the 3 dimensional physical world in natural systems, is proposed. It is based on demonstrably proven anticipatory quantum mechanical laws and the new awareness in quantum theory. This understanding concerns a form of information, which holography shows, almost certainly existed before the origination of living systems and even from the beginning of the cosmos. It produces physically realisable mathematical definitions of the concepts of information, knowledge, learning, intelligence, perception, cognition, etc. Some of its other many advantages are cited. In particular, being quite distinct from bits, which are simply physically realisable mental models for the carriage/transmission of symbolic data (dependent for its meaning on human interpretation) it is not, its mathematical theory indicates, subject to the processing limitations of the combinatorial explosion governing algorithmic complexity, or to the known processing limitations of formal systems, such as the Halting Problem, as they are thought to apply to classical digital computing systems. Anticipation and meaning Peter Marcer doi:10.1063/1.1388676 COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS: CASYS 2000 - Fourth International Conference, Vol. 573, No. 1. (2001), pp. 20-27. 2006-08-17T06:53:19-00:00 2001 COMPUTING ANTICIPATORY SYSTEMS: CASYS 2000 - Fourth International Conference 573 1 20 27 AIP anticipation meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/oamg/article/1269346 <i>Science, Vol. 303, No. 5661. (20 February 2004), pp. 1162-1167.</i><br /><br />The experience of pain arises from both physiological and psychological factors, including one's beliefs and expectations. Thus, placebo treatments that have no intrinsic pharmacological effects may produce analgesia by altering expectations. However, controversy exists regarding whether placebos alter sensory pain transmission, pain affect, or simply produce compliance with the suggestions of investigators. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, we found that placebo analgesia was related to decreased brain activity in pain-sensitive brain regions, including the thalamus, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex, and was associated with increased activity during anticipation of pain in the prefrontal cortex, providing evidence that placebos alter the experience of pain. Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and experience of pain. TD Wager JK Rilling EE Smith A Sokolik KL Casey RJ Davidson SM Kosslyn RM Rose JD Cohen doi:10.1126/science.1093065 Science, Vol. 303, No. 5661. (20 February 2004), pp. 1162-1167. 2007-04-30T23:48:28-00:00 2004 Science 1095-9203 303 5661 1162 1167 anticipation empathy fmri placebo http://www.citeulike.org/user/karimda/article/2601459 <i>Database and Expert Systems Applications (2001), pp. 264-273.</i><br /><br />This paper introduces an evolution to classical workflow that allows more flexible execution of processes while retaining its simplicity. On the one hand it allows to describe processes in the same way that they are in design and engineering manuals. On the other hand it allows to control these processes in a way that is close to the way they are actually enacted. This evolution is based on the concept of anticipation, i.e. the weakening of strict sequential execution of activity sequences in workflows by allowing intermediate results to be used as preliminary input into succeeding activities. The architecture and implementation of a workflow execution engine prototype allowing anticipation is described. Anticipation to Enhance Flexibility of Workflow Execution Daniela Grigori François Charoy Claude Godart doi:10.1007/3-540-44759-8_27 Database and Expert Systems Applications (2001), pp. 264-273. 2008-03-27T10:34:21-00:00 2001 Database and Expert Systems Applications 264 273 anticipation flexibility http://www.citeulike.org/user/jcohenadad/article/798605 <i>Neurosci Lett, Vol. 337, No. 2. (6 February 2003), pp. 69-72.</i><br /><br />Neuronal recording and neuroimaging studies have shown that the primary motor area (M1) not only participates in motor execution, but is also engaged during movement preparation. The purpose of the present study was to map the distribution of the preparation- and execution-related activity within the contralateral M1 using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eleven subjects performed a delayed sequential finger movement task, in which a CUE signal indicated a movement sequence in advance of an imperative GO signal. The hemodynamic response related to the CUE and GO signals decreased in a linear fashion across the central sulcus, with activity greater along the lateral extent compared to the medial extent. This decrease was especially evident in the epoch following the CUE. Our data reveal a pattern of functional organization within M1 related to the preparation and execution of movement sequences. Functional organization of the primary motor cortex characterized by event-related fMRI during movement preparation and execution. Y Zang F Jia X Weng E Li S Cui Y Wang E Hazeltine R Ivry Neurosci Lett, Vol. 337, No. 2. (6 February 2003), pp. 69-72. 2006-08-12T22:37:39-00:00 2003 Neurosci Lett 0304-3940 337 2 69 72 anticipation fmri human motor http://www.citeulike.org/user/jcohenadad/article/798588 <i>J Neurophysiol, Vol. 80, No. 5. (November 1998), pp. 2671-2687.</i><br /><br />To study the role of medial frontal cortex in learning and memory of sequential procedures, we examined neuronal activity of the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and supplementary motor area (SMA) while monkeys (n = 2) performed a sequential button press task, "2 x 5 task." In this paradigm, 2 of 16 (4 x 4 matrix) light-emitting diode buttons (called "set") were illuminated simultaneously and the monkey had to press them in a predetermined order. A total of five sets (called "hyperset") was presented in a fixed order for completion of a trial. We examined the neuronal activity of each cell using two kinds of hypersets: new hypersets that the monkey experienced for the first time for which he had to find the correct orders of button presses by trial-and-error and learned hypersets that the monkey had learned with extensive practice (n = 16 and 10 for each monkey). To investigate whether cells in medial frontal cortex are involved in the acquisition of new sequences or execution of well-learned procedures, we examined three to five new hypersets and three to five learned hypersets for each cell. Among 345 task-related cells, we found 78 cells that were more active during performance of new hypersets than learned hypersets (new-preferring cells) and 18 cells that were more active for learned hypersets (learned-preferring cells). Among new-preferring cells, 33 cells showed a learning-dependent decrease of cell activity: their activity was highest at the beginning of learning and decreased as the animal acquired the correct response for each set with increasing reliability. In contrast, 11 learned-preferring cells showed a learning-dependent increase of neuronal activity. We found a difference in the anatomic distribution of new-preferring cells. The proportion of new-preferring cells was greater in the rostral part of the medial frontal cortex, corresponding to the pre-SMA, than the posterior part, the SMA. There was some trend that learned-preferring cells were more abundant in the SMA. These results suggest that the pre-SMA, rather than SMA, is more involved in the acquisition of new sequential procedures. Neuronal activity in medial frontal cortex during learning of sequential procedures. K Nakamura K Sakai O Hikosaka J Neurophysiol, Vol. 80, No. 5. (November 1998), pp. 2671-2687. 2006-08-12T22:20:05-00:00 1998 J Neurophysiol 0022-3077 80 5 2671 2687 animal anticipation motor http://www.citeulike.org/user/jcohenadad/article/798586 <i>Brain Res, Vol. 874, No. 2. (25 August 2000), pp. 233-241.</i><br /><br />A significant role in the planning and preparation for voluntary movement has been ascribed to secondary motor areas located on the medial wall of the cerebral hemispheres, and in particular to the supplementary motor area (SMA). Within the SMA, rostral and caudal subdivisions have been described, and differential roles have been attributed to these regions in relation to movement planning, preparation and execution. We have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the role of the SMA in the timing of movement execution, by recording the fMRI signal from mesial pre-motor areas and primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) during the execution of a simple motor task externally cued at predictable (regular) and unpredictable (irregular) time intervals. The mean rate of movement was matched in both experiments. There was a greater activation of caudal than rostral SMA with both predictably and unpredictably cued movements, and a doubling of the signal when the timing of the motor response was unpredictable. In contrast, there was no difference in the activation of primary sensorimotor cortex with the two tasks. The data demonstrate that the caudal SMA has an important role in the execution of externally cued movements. The results also suggest a greater role for this region in the performance of unpredictably timed compared with predictably timed movements, however a model is proposed (based on electrophysiological data) which shows how the difference in functional signal in these two situations can be explained on the basis of a difference in the time course of neuronal activation in the SMA, rather than in the overall degree of activation. The role of the supplementary motor area in externally timed movement: the influence of predictability of movement timing. GW Thickbroom ML Byrnes P Sacco S Ghosh IT Morris FL Mastaglia Brain Res, Vol. 874, No. 2. (25 August 2000), pp. 233-241. 2006-08-12T22:15:11-00:00 2000 Brain Res 0006-8993 874 2 233 241 anticipation fmri human motor http://www.citeulike.org/user/jcohenadad/article/798579 <i>Neuroimage, Vol. 11, No. 1. (January 2000), pp. 1-12.</i><br /><br />Though it is well known that humans perceive the temporal features of the environment incessantly, the brain mechanisms underlying temporal processing are relatively unexplored. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used in this study to identify brain activations during sustained perceptual analysis of auditorally and visually presented temporal patterns (rhythms). Our findings show that the neural network supporting time perception involves the same brain areas that are responsible for the temporal planning and coordination of movements. These results indicate that time perception and motor timing rely on similar cerebral structures. Time perception and motor timing: a common cortical and subcortical basis revealed by fMRI. RI Schubotz AD Friederici DY von Cramon doi:10.1006/nimg.1999.0514 Neuroimage, Vol. 11, No. 1. (January 2000), pp. 1-12. 2006-08-12T22:12:15-00:00 2000 Neuroimage 1053-8119 11 1 1 12 anticipation fmri human motor http://www.citeulike.org/user/jcohenadad/article/798578 <i>J Neurophysiol, Vol. 92, No. 6. (December 2004), pp. 3482-3499.</i><br /><br />We explored functional differences between the supplementary and presupplementary motor areas (SMA and pre-SMA, respectively) systematically with respect to multiple behavioral factors, ranging from the retrieval and processing of associative visual signals to the planning and execution of target-reaching movement. We analyzed neuronal activity while monkeys performed a behavioral task in which two visual instruction cues were given successively with a delay: one cue instructed the location of the reach target, and the other instructed arm use (right or left). After a second delay, the monkey received a motor-set cue to be prepared to make the reaching movement as instructed. Finally, after a GO signal, it reached for the instructed target with the instructed arm. We found the following apparent differences in activity: 1) neuronal activity preceding the appearance of visual cues was more frequent in the pre-SMA; 2) a majority of pre-SMA neurons, but many fewer SMA neurons, responded to the first or second cue, reflecting what was shown or instructed; 3) in addition, pre-SMA neurons often reflected information combining the instructions in the first and second cues; 4) during the motor-set period, pre-SMA neurons preferentially reflected the location of the target, while SMA neurons mainly reflected which arm to use; and 5) when executing the movement, a majority of SMA neurons increased their activity and were largely selective for the use of either the ipsilateral or contralateral arm. In contrast, the activity of pre-SMA neurons tended to be suppressed. These findings point to the functional specialization of the two areas, with respect to receiving associative cues, information processing, motor behavior planning, and movement execution. Differential roles of neuronal activity in the supplementary and presupplementary motor areas: from information retrieval to motor planning and execution. E Hoshi J Tanji doi:10.1152/jn.00547.2004 J Neurophysiol, Vol. 92, No. 6. (December 2004), pp. 3482-3499. 2006-08-12T22:07:41-00:00 2004 J Neurophysiol 0022-3077 92 6 3482 3499 animal anticipation motor http://www.citeulike.org/user/jcohenadad/article/798575 <i>Neuroreport, Vol. 15, No. 8. (7 June 2004), pp. 1283-1286.</i><br /><br />Two monkeys were trained in a delayed sequential motor task in which the time interval between events and the delay duration were either fixed or variable. Single-unit neuronal activity was recorded in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). During the delay, we observed a gradual increase in activity (build-up pattern) in the fixed but not in the variable condition. In the former but not in the latter, the monkey had the opportunity to estimate time duration. Consequently, the build-up pattern observed in the pre-SMA might represent the neuronal substrate of a time accumulator system proposed by previous authors on the basis of functional imaging data. Such a system could play a critical role in the working memory of temporal information. Time predictability modulates pre-supplementary motor area neuronal activity. D Akkal L Escola B Bioulac P Burbaud Neuroreport, Vol. 15, No. 8. (7 June 2004), pp. 1283-1286. 2006-08-12T21:48:16-00:00 2004 Neuroreport 0959-4965 15 8 1283 1286 animal anticipation motor http://www.citeulike.org/user/inbetweener/article/1284114 <i>Science, Vol. 315, No. 5820. (30 March 2007), pp. 1857-1859.</i><br /><br />Although expansion of trinucleotide repeats accounts for over 30 human diseases, mechanisms of repeat instability remain poorly understood. We show that a Drosophila model for the CAG/polyglutamine (polyQ) disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 recapitulates key features of human CAG-repeat instability, including large repeat changes and strong expansion bias. Instability is dramatically enhanced by transcription and modulated by nuclear excision repair and a regulator of DNA repair adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein-a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) whose decreased activity contributes to polyQ disease. Pharmacological treatment to normalize acetylation suppressed instability. Thus, toxic consequences of pathogenic polyQ protein may include enhancing repeat instability. CREB-binding protein modulates repeat instability in a Drosophila model for polyQ disease. J Jung N Bonini doi:10.1126/science.1139517 Science, Vol. 315, No. 5820. (30 March 2007), pp. 1857-1859. 2007-05-08T18:13:50-00:00 2007 Science 1095-9203 315 5820 1857 1859 anticipation creb dnarepair drosophila polyglutamine sca http://www.citeulike.org/user/hkreysa/article/3043346 <i>Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (January 2003), pp. 37-55.</i><br /><br />Two visual-world eyetracking experiments were conducted to investigate whether, how, and when syntactic and semantic constraints are integrated and used to predict properties of subsequent input. Experiment 1 contrasted auditory German constructions such as, “The hare-nominative eats … (the cabbage-acc)” versus “The hare-accusative eats … (the fox-nom),” presented with a picture containing a hare, fox, cabbage, and distractor. We found that the probabilities of the eye movements to the cabbage and fox before the onset of NP2 were modulated by the case-marking of NP1, indicating that the case-marking (syntactic) information and verbs' semantic constraints are integrated rapidly enough to predict the most plausible NP2 in the scene. Using English versions of the same stimuli in active/passive voice (Experiment 2), we replicated the same effect, but at a slightly earlier position in the sentence. We discuss the discrepancies in the two Germanic languages in terms of the ease of integrating information across, or within, constituents. Integration of Syntactic and Semantic Information in Predictive Processing: Cross-Linguistic Evidence from German and English Y Kamide C Scheepers GTM Altmann Journal of Psycholinguistic Research (January 2003), pp. 37-55. 2008-07-25T17:51:25-00:00 2003 Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 0090-6905 37 55 Springer anticipation prediction projection semantic syntacs http://www.citeulike.org/user/hkreysa/article/1729232 <i>Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 57, No. 4. (November 2007), pp. 502-518.</i><br /><br />Two experiments explored the representational basis for anticipatory eye movements. Participants heard `the man will drink ...' or `the man has drunk ...' (Experiment 1) or `the man will drink all of ...' or `the man has drunk all of ...' (Experiment 2). They viewed a concurrent scene depicting a full glass of beer and an empty wine glass (amongst other things). There were more saccades towards the empty wine glass in the past tensed conditions than in the future tense conditions; the converse pattern obtained for looks towards the full glass of beer. We argue that these anticipatory eye movements reflect sensitivity to objects' affordances, and develop an account of the linkage between language processing and visual attention that can account not only for looks towards named objects, but also for those cases (including anticipatory eye movements) where attention is directed towards objects that are not being named. The real-time mediation of visual attention by language and world knowledge: Linking anticipatory (and other) eye movements to linguistic processing Gerry Altmann Yuki Kamide doi:10.1016/j.jml.2006.12.004 Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 57, No. 4. (November 2007), pp. 502-518. 2007-10-05T02:26:49-00:00 2007 Journal of Memory and Language 57 4 502 518 affordance anticipation attention context eye eyetracking language movements semantics visual world http://www.citeulike.org/user/hkreysa/article/2827900 <i>Cognition, Vol. 95, No. 3. (April 2005), pp. 237-274.</i><br /><br />Three experiments investigated the use of verb argument structure by tracking participants' eye movements across a set of related pictures as they listened to sentences. The assumption was that listeners would naturally look at relevant pictures as they were mentioned or implied. The primary hypothesis was that a verb would implicitly introduce relevant entities (linguistic arguments) that had not yet been mentioned, and thus a picture corresponding to such an entity would draw anticipatory looks. For example, upon hearing ...mother suggested..., participants would look at a potential recipient of the suggestion. The only explicit task was responding to comprehension questions. Experiments 1 and 2 manipulated both the argument structure of the verb and the typicality/co-occurrence frequency of the target argument/adjunct, in order to distinguish between anticipatory looks to arguments specifically and anticipatory looks to pictures that were strongly associated with the verb, but did not have the linguistic status of argument. Experiment 3 manipulated argument status alone. In Experiments 1 and 3, there were more anticipatory looks to potential arguments than to potential adjuncts, beginning about 500 ms after the acoustic onset of the verb. Experiment 2 revealed a main effect of typicality. These findings indicate that both real world knowledge and argument structure guide visual attention within this paradigm, but that argument structure has a privileged status in focusing listener attention on relevant aspects of a visual scene. Visual arguments Julie Boland doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2004.01.008 Cognition, Vol. 95, No. 3. (April 2005), pp. 237-274. 2008-05-24T15:20:40-00:00 2005 Cognition 95 3 237 274 anticipation argument comprehension structure visual world http://www.citeulike.org/user/hkreysa/article/311321 <i>Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 38, No. 4. (May 1998), pp. 419-439.</i><br /><br />Eye movements to pictures of four objects on a screen were monitored as participants followed a spoken instruction to move one of the objects, e.g., "Pick up the beaker; now put it below the diamond" (Experiment 1) or heard progressively larger gates and tried to identify the referent (Experiment 2). The distractor objects included a cohort competitor with a name that began with the same onset and vowel as the name of the target object (e.g.,beetle), a rhyme competitor (e.g.speaker), and an unrelated competitor (e.g.,carriage). In Experiment 1, there was clear evidence for both cohort and rhyme activation as predicted by continuous mapping models such as TRACE (McClelland and Elman, 1986) and Shortlist (Norris, 1994). Additionally, the time course and probabilities of eye movements closely corresponded to response probabilities derived from TRACE simulations using the Luce choice rule (Luce, 1959). In the gating task, which emphasizes word-initial information, there was clear evidence for multiple activation of cohort members, as measured by judgments and eye movements, but no suggestion of rhyme effects. Given that the same sets of pictures were present during the gating task as in Experiment 1, we conclude that the rhyme effects in Experiment 1 were not an artifact of using a small set of visible alternatives. Tracking the Time Course of Spoken Word Recognition Using Eye Movements: Evidence for Continuous Mapping Models Paul Allopenna James Magnuson Michael Tanenhaus doi:10.1006/jmla.1997.2558 Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 38, No. 4. (May 1998), pp. 419-439. 2005-09-03T22:47:56-00:00 1998 Journal of Memory and Language 38 4 419 439 anticipation comprehension eyetracking programming saccade http://www.citeulike.org/user/hkreysa/article/2667554 <i>Cognition, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />Recent studies have shown that listeners use verbs and other predicate terms to anticipate reference to semantic entities during real-time language comprehension. This process involves evaluating the denoted action against relevant properties of potential referents. The current study explored whether action-relevant properties are readily available to comprehension systems as a result of the embodied nature of linguistic and conceptual representations. In three experiments, eye movements were monitored as listeners followed instructions to move depicted objects on a computer screen. Critical instructions contained the verb return (e.g., Now return the block to area 3), which presupposes the previous displacement of its complement object - a property that is not reflected in perceptible or stable characteristics of objects. Experiment 1 demonstrated that predictions for previously displaced objects are generated upon hearing return, ruling out the possibility that anticipatory effects draw directly on static affordances in perceptual symbols. Experiment 2 used a referential communication task to evaluate how communicative relevance constrains the use of perceptually derived information. Results showed that listeners anticipate previously displaced objects as candidates upon hearing return only when their displacement was known to the speaker. Experiment 3 showed that the outcome of the original act of displacement further modulates referential predictions. The results show that the use of perceptually grounded information in language interpretation is subject to communicative constraints, even when language denotes physical actions performed on concrete objects. Perception and presupposition in real-time language comprehension: Insights from anticipatory processing Craig Chambers Valerie Juan doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.12.009 Cognition, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2008-04-14T12:32:44-00:00 Cognition In Press, Corrected Proof anticipation communication comprehension concept perception relevance visual world http://www.citeulike.org/group/454/article/2173246 <i>J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 52. (26 December 2007), pp. 14424-14433.</i><br /><br />Humans can use advance information to direct spatial attention before stimulus presentation and respond more accurately to stimuli at the attended location compared with unattended locations. Likewise, spatially directed attention is associated with anticipatory activity in the portion of visual cortex representing the attended location. It is unknown, however, whether and how anticipatory signals predict the locus of spatial attention and perception. Here, we show that prestimulus, preparatory activity is highly correlated across regions representing attended and unattended locations. Comparing activity representing attended versus unattended locations, rather than measuring activity for only one location, dramatically improves the accuracy with which preparatory signals predict the locus of attention, largely by removing this positive correlation common across locations. In V3A, moreover, only the difference in activity between attended and unattended locations predicts whether upcoming visual stimuli will be accurately perceived. These results suggest that the locus of attention is coded in visual cortex by an asymmetry of anticipatory activity between attended and unattended locations and that this asymmetry predicts the accuracy of perception. This coding strategy may bias activity in downstream brain regions to represent the stimulus at the attended location. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3759-07.2007 Asymmetry of Anticipatory Activity in Visual Cortex Predicts the Locus of Attention and Perception Chad Sylvester Gordon Shulman Anthony Jack Maurizio Corbetta doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3759-07.2007 J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 52. (26 December 2007), pp. 14424-14433. 2007-12-26T20:53:56-00:00 2007 J. Neurosci. 27 52 14424 14433 anticipation attention fmri position http://www.citeulike.org/group/440/article/311306 <i>Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 45, No. 1. (July 2001), pp. 133-159.</i><br /><br />English coronal place assimilation is one of many productive phonological processes that change the phonological form of words. It may, for example, cause speakers to pronounce green as something approximating [grin] or [grim] in different contexts. The present work examines how listeners recognize words that have undergone this modification. Current accounts are broadly differentiated by two issues: (1) whether listeners generally recognize words that have undergone word-final, single-feature modification, and (2) how context effects in the perception of assimilated speech are interpreted. Experiment 1 employs form priming to demonstrate that listeners tolerate single-feature mismatch resulting from both phonologically plausible and phonologically implausible word form modification when recognizing words heard in context. Experiments 2 and 3 employ phoneme monitoring and negative rhyme priming paradigms, respectively, to demonstrate that listeners use assimilation to anticipate upcoming context. Evidence for anticipation is contrasted with claims that listeners use context to regressively infer the underlying form of place-assimilated segments. Assimilation and Anticipation in Continuous Spoken Word Recognition David Gow doi:10.1006/jmla.2000.2764 Journal of Memory and Language, Vol. 45, No. 1. (July 2001), pp. 133-159. 2005-09-03T21:24:11-00:00 2001 Journal of Memory and Language 45 1 133 159 anticipation assimilation feature_mismatch language phonological_variation speech_perception word_recognition http://www.citeulike.org/group/440/article/265823 <i>Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 8, No. 8. (10 July 2005), pp. 1117-1121.</i> Probabilistic word pre-activation during language comprehension inferred from electrical brain activity Katherine Delong Thomas Urbach Marta Kutas doi:10.1038/nn1504 Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 8, No. 8. (10 July 2005), pp. 1117-1121. 2005-07-27T01:14:25-00:00 2005 Nature Neuroscience 1097-6256 8 8 1117 1121 Nature Publishing Group anticipation erp language http://www.citeulike.org/user/Ferran/article/1464934 <i>Brain Research, Vol. 1105, No. 1. (11 August 2006), pp. 110-121.</i><br /><br />Theories have proposed that both the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) and the medial frontal negativity (MFN) reflect affective/motivational processing. We examined the effect of the motivational impact of feedback stimuli on these ERPs using a simple gambling task, focusing on the influence of prior losses and gains on ERPs and choice behavior. Choices were riskier following large losses than following small losses or large gains. The MFN, however, was larger following larger gains. The SPN preceding the outcome was also larger after a greater gain. Thus, we confirmed that both the MFN and the SPN respond to the motivational properties of the feedback. A dissociation between risk-taking behavior and these ERPs suggests that there could be two monitoring systems: one that leads to riskier responses following losses and a second that leads to heightened expectancy. Affective-motivational influences on feedback-related ERPs in a gambling task Hiroaki Masaki Shigeki Takeuchi William Gehring Noriyoshi Takasawa Katuo Yamazaki Brain Research, Vol. 1105, No. 1. (11 August 2006), pp. 110-121. 2007-07-18T13:11:51-00:00 2006 Brain Research 1105 1 110 121 anticipation negativitity http://www.citeulike.org/user/curvature/article/749631 <i>Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Vol. 15, No. 2. (2005)</i><br /><br />We describe a new method for achieving approximate lag and anticipating synchronization in unidirectionally coupled chaotic oscillators. The method uses a specific parameter mismatch between the drive and response that is a first-order approximation to true time–delay coupling. As a result, an adjustable lag or anticipation effect can be achieved without the need for a variable delay line, making the method simpler and more economical to implement in many physical systems. We present a stability analysis, demonstrate the method numerically, and report experimental observation of the effect in radio-frequency electronic oscillators. In the circuit experiments, both lag and anticipation are controlled by tuning a single capacitor in the response oscillator. ©2005 American Institute of Physics Lag and anticipating synchronization without time-delay coupling Ned Corron Jonathan Blakely Shawn Pethel doi:10.1063/1.1898597 Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Vol. 15, No. 2. (2005) 2006-07-10T19:39:03-00:00 2005 Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 15 2 AIP anticipation chaos coupling delay muri phase-synchrony rf synchronization http://www.citeulike.org/user/achilles78/article/615602 <i>Science, Vol. 312, No. 5774. (5 May 2006), pp. 754-758.</i><br /><br />Given the choice of waiting for an adverse outcome or getting it over with quickly, many people choose the latter. Theoretical models of decision-making have assumed that this occurs because there is a cost to waiting--i.e., dread. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the neural responses to waiting for a cutaneous electric shock. Some individuals dreaded the outcome so much that, when given a choice, they preferred to receive more voltage rather than wait. Even when no decision was required, these extreme dreaders were distinguishable from those who dreaded mildly by the rate of increase of neural activity in the posterior elements of the cortical pain matrix. This suggests that dread derives, in part, from the attention devoted to the expected physical response and not simply from fear or anxiety. Although these differences were observed during a passive waiting procedure, they correlated with individual behavior in a subsequent choice paradigm, providing evidence for a neurobiological link between the experienced disutility of dread and subsequent decisions about unpleasant outcomes. 10.1126/science.1123721 Neurobiological Substrates of Dread Gregory Berns Jonathan Chappelow Milos Cekic Caroline Zink Giuseppe Pagnoni Megan Martin-Skurski doi:10.1126/science.1123721 Science, Vol. 312, No. 5774. (5 May 2006), pp. 754-758. 2006-05-05T22:58:53-00:00 2006 Science 312 5774 754 758 anticipation discounting