Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:04:33 BST CiteULike: Tag compositional http://www.citeulike.org/tag/compositional CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/vlachmore/article/2294940 <i>Biometrika, Vol. 70, No. 1. (1 April 1983), pp. 57-65.</i><br /><br />Compositional data, consisting of vectors of proportions, have proved difficult to handle statistically because of the awkward constraint that the components of each vector must sum to unity. Moreover such data sets frequently display marked curvature so that linear techniques such as standard principal component analysis are likely to prove inadequate. From a critical reexamination of previous approaches we evolve, through adaptation of recently introduced transformation techniques for compositional data analysis, a log linear contrast form of principal component analysis and illustrate its advantages in applications. 10.1093/biomet/70.1.57 Principal component analysis of compositional data J Aitchison doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.57 Biometrika, Vol. 70, No. 1. (1 April 1983), pp. 57-65. 2008-01-27T13:59:51-00:00 1983 Biometrika 70 1 57 65 analysis component compositional datasets dimensionality pca principal reduction http://www.citeulike.org/user/schliecker/article/1158346 <i>(2003)</i><br /><br />Semantics We are trying to preserve the specialization of models of computation and also achieve generality. We are doing this by composing models hierarchically and heterogeneously. What makes this composition possible is an abstract semantics, which abstracts how communication and flow of control work. The abstract semantics is (loosely speaking) not the union of interesting semantics, but rather the intersection. It is abstract in the sense that it represents the common features of models... Actor-oriented design of embedded hardware and software systems E Lee S Neuendorffer M Wirthlin (2003) 2007-03-13T14:59:22-00:00 2003 actor compositional sdf http://www.citeulike.org/user/rsimitev/article/2939722 <i>Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 80, No. 1-2. (October 1993), pp. 13-23.</i><br /><br />The problem of the onset of convection in a cylindrical annulus with conical end boundaries in the presence of an azimuthal and a radial component of a magnetic field is considered. It is shown that the effect of the radial component on the convection rolls can be quite different from that of the azimuthal component. Convection rolls with low azimuthal wavenumbers are preferred in certain regions of the parameter space. Implications of the analysis for planetary applications are briefly discussed. The onset of thermal convection in a rotating cylindrical annulus in the presence of a magnetic field FH Busse F Finocchi doi:10.1016/0031-9201(93)90069-L Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 80, No. 1-2. (October 1993), pp. 13-23. 2008-06-28T18:42:53-00:00 1993 Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors 80 1-2 13 23 compositional dynamo http://www.citeulike.org/user/marije/article/381018 <i>(2004), pp. 15-18.</i> Informing intelligent environments: creating profiled user interfaces Nick Fine Willem-Paul Brinkman doi:10.1145/1031419.1031423 (2004), pp. 15-18. 2005-11-04T18:58:32-00:00 2004 15 18 ACM Press adaptation compositional usability http://www.citeulike.org/user/marije/article/1099 <i>Personal Ubiquitous Comput., Vol. 5, No. 1. (February 2001), pp. 4-7.</i> Understanding and Using Context Anind Dey doi:10.1007/s007790170019 Personal Ubiquitous Comput., Vol. 5, No. 1. (February 2001), pp. 4-7. 2004-11-27T17:53:20-00:00 2001 Personal Ubiquitous Comput. 1617-4909 5 1 4 7 Springer-Verlag compositional context media media_psychology ubquitous_computing http://www.citeulike.org/user/KarlKlose/article/1576492 <i>(1992), pp. 260-266.</i> On compositional semantics Wlodek Zadrozny doi:10.3115/992066.992109 (1992), pp. 260-266. 2007-08-20T09:27:43-00:00 1992 260 266 Association for Computational Linguistics compositional lingustic semantics http://www.citeulike.org/user/hearoplane/article/1082368 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84, No. 3. (2004), pp. 449-451.</i><br /><br />We propose a method for mapping the composition of a surface by using an amplitude modulation atomic force microscope operated without tip-surface mechanical contact. The method consists in exciting the first two modes of the microcantilever. The nonlinear dynamics of the tip motion, the coupling of its first two modes, and the sensitivity of the second mode to long-range attractive forces allows us to use this mode to probe compositional changes while the signal from the first mode is used to image the sample surface. We demonstrate that the second mode has a sensitivity to surface force variations below 10–11 N. ©2004 American Institute of Physics. Compositional mapping of surfaces in atomic force microscopy by excitation of the second normal mode of the microcantilever Tomas Rodriguez Ricardo Garcia doi:10.1063/1.1642273 Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 84, No. 3. (2004), pp. 449-451. 2007-02-01T19:06:17-00:00 2004 Applied Physics Letters 84 3 449 451 AIP compositional eigenmodes hamaker mapping http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/925884 <i>Mind & Language, Vol. 16, No. 1. (2001), pp. 1-15.</i> Language, Thought and Compositionality Jerry Fodor doi:10.1111/1468-0017.00153 Mind & Language, Vol. 16, No. 1. (2001), pp. 1-15. 2006-11-02T19:17:07-00:00 2001 Mind & Language 16 1 1 15 cognition compositional fodor language philosophy thought http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/925881 <i></i> Compound Thoughts Gottlob Frege 2006-11-02T19:13:07-00:00 compositional mind philosophy symbol_system thought http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916045 <i>(2005)</i><br /><br />This paper reports further progress into a computational implementation of a new formalism for construction grammar, known as Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG). We focus in particular on how hierarchy can be implemented. The paper analyses the requirements for a proper treatment of hierarchy in emergent grammar and then proposes a particular solution based on a new operator, called the J-operator. The J-operator constructs a new unit as a side e#ect of the matching process. Hierarchy in Fluid Construction Grammar J De Beule L Steels (2005) 2006-10-29T05:14:13-00:00 2005 cognition compositional evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916044 <i>(2002)</i><br /><br />Introduction As language users humans possess a culturally transmitted system of unparalleled complexity in the natural world. Linguistics has revealed over the past 40 years the degree to which the syntactic structure of language in particular is strikingly complex. Furthermore, as Pinker and Bloom point out in their agenda-setting paper Natural Language and Natural Selection \grammar is a complex mechanism tailored to the transmission of propositional structures through a serial interface"... The emergence of linguistic structure: An overview of the iterated learning model S Kirby J Hurford (2002) 2006-10-29T05:13:03-00:00 2002 ai cognition compositional culture evolution language language_evolution review symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916043 <i>(2002)</i><br /><br />In this paper I will review a relatively small subset of the work that has emerged over the last 15 years or so at the intersection of linguistics and artificial life. In particular, this paper will deal with the models that have shed light on the origins of syntax in human language. This should not be taken as an exhaustive review -- for example, I will not be covering the excellent work that has been undertaken on phonetics and phonology (see, for example, de Boer, 2001), critical periods for ... Natural language from artificial life S Kirby (2002) 2006-10-29T05:11:42-00:00 2002 ai cognition compositional culture evolution language language_evolution review symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916042 <i>Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 5, No. 2. (2001), pp. 102-110.</i><br /><br />A computationally implemented model of the transmission of linguistic behavior over time is presented. In this iterated learning model (ILM), there is no biological evolution, natural selection, nor any measurement of the success of the agents at communicating (except for results-gathering purposes). Nevertheless, counter to intuition, significant evolution of linguistic behavior is observed. From an initially unstructured communication system (a protolanguage), a fully compositional syntactic meaning-string mapping emerges. Furthermore, given a nonuniform frequency distribution over a meaning space and a production mechanism that prefers short strings, a realistic distribution of string lengths and patterns of stable irregularity emerges, suggesting that the ILM is a good model for the evolution of some of the fundamental features of human language Spontaneous evolution of linguistic structure-an iterated learning model of the emergence of regularity and irregularity S Kirby Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 5, No. 2. (2001), pp. 102-110. 2006-10-29T05:09:59-00:00 2001 Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on 5 2 102 110 cognition compositional evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916041 <i></i><br /><br />This paper uses a model of neural networks and genetic algorithms to simulate the evolution of communication in populations of evolving neural networks. It focuses on the emergence of simple forms of syntax, i.e. the combination of two symbols. The simulation task resembles SavageRumbaugh & Rumbaugh's experiment [11] on ape language and symbol acquisition. The simulation results show the evolution and cultural transmission of languages based on combination of grounded symbols. The model is... Evolution of Communication Using Symbol Combination in Populations of Neural Networks Angelo Centre 2006-10-29T05:07:50-00:00 cognition compositional connectionist evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/447587 <i>(1998)</i><br /><br />this paper I put forward a new approach to understanding the origins of some of the key ingredients in a syntactic system. I show, using a computational model, that compositional syntax is an inevitable outcome of the dynamics of observationally learned communication systems. In a simulated population of individuals, language develops from a simple idiosyncratic vocabulary with little expressive power, to a compositional system with high expressivity, nouns and verbs, and word order expressing... Syntax without natural selection: How compositionality emerges from vocabulary in a population of learners S Kirby (1998) 2005-12-23T08:05:00-00:00 1998 compositional evolution language language_evolution linguistics modeling symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916040 <i>IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 5, No. 2. (2001), pp. 93-101.</i><br /><br />This paper describes different types of models for the evolution of communication and language. It uses the distinction between signals, symbols, and words for the analysis of evolutionary models of language. In particular, it show how evolutionary computation techniques, such as Artificial Life, can be used to study the emergence of syntax and symbols from simple communication signals. Initially, a computational model that evolves repertoires of isolated signals is presented. This study has... Evolution of Communication and Language Using Signals, Symbols, and Words Angelo Cangelosi IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 5, No. 2. (2001), pp. 93-101. 2006-10-29T05:06:19-00:00 2001 IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation 5 2 93 101 cognition compositional evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916039 <i>(1999), pp. 694-703.</i><br /><br />. A new approach to the origins of syntax in human language is presented. Using computational models of populations of learners, it is shown that compositional, recursive mappings are inevitable end-states of a cultural process of linguistic transmission. This is true even if the starting state is no language at all. It is argued that the way that knowledge of language is transmitted through a learning bottleneck profoundly inuences its emergent structure. This approach provides a radical ... Syntax out of Learning: The Cultural Evolution of Structured Communication in a Population of Induction Algorithms Simon Kirby (1999), pp. 694-703. 2006-10-29T05:03:14-00:00 1999 694 703 cognition compositional culture evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916037 <i>Language & Communication, Vol. 18, No. 1. (January 1998), pp. 47-67.</i> Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction Alison Wray doi:10.1016/S0271-5309(97)00033-5 Language & Communication, Vol. 18, No. 1. (January 1998), pp. 47-67. 2006-10-29T04:56:02-00:00 1998 Language & Communication 18 1 47 67 cognition compositional culture evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916036 <i></i><br /><br />Language acquisition is a special kind of learning problem because the outcome of learning of one generation is the input for the next. That mapes it possible for languages... How the Poverty of the Stimulus Solves the Poverty of the Stimulus Willem Zuidema 2006-10-29T04:42:42-00:00 cognition compositional evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916035 <i>(2003)</i><br /><br />Theories of language evolution typically attribute its unique structure to pressures acting on the genetic transmission of a language faculty and on the cultural transmission of language itself. In strongly biological accounts, natural selection acting on the genetic transmission of the language faculty is seen as the key determinant of linguistic structure, with culture relegated to a relatively minor role. Strongly cultural accounts place greater emphasis on the role of learning in shaping... The Transmission of Language: models of biological and cultural evolution Kenneth Smith (2003) 2006-10-29T04:37:05-00:00 2003 cognition compositional culture evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916034 <i>(2006)</i><br /><br />this paper, we show that compositional language can arise automatically through grounded communication among populations of communicators. The proposed mechanism is the following: if a holistic and a compositional approach are in competition and if both structured (compositional) and atomic meanings need to be communicated, the holistic strategy becomes less successful as it does not recruit already acquired bits of language. We demonstrate the viability of this explanation through computer... the emergence of compositionality J De Beule B On (2006) 2006-10-29T04:34:25-00:00 2006 cognition compositional culture evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/916033 <i>(2003)</i><br /><br />Language arises from the interaction of three complex adaptive systems | biological evolution, learning, and culture. We focus here on cultural evolution, and present an Iterated Learning Model of the emergence of compositionality, a fundamental structural property of language. Our main result is to show that the poverty of the stimulus available to language learners leads to a pressure for linguistic structure. When there is a bottleneck on cultural transmission, only a language which is... Complex systems in language evolution: the cultural emergence of compositional structure S Kenny B Kirby (2003) 2006-10-29T04:32:34-00:00 2003 cognition compositional culture evolution language language_evolution symbol_system syntax http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/925893 <i>pp. 287-322.</i><br /><br />Ordinary semantic compositionality (meaning of whole determined from meanings of parts plus composition) can serve to explain how a hearer manages to assign an appropriate meaning to a new sentence. But it does not serve to explain how the speaker manages to find an appropriate sentence for expressing a new thought. For this we would need a principle of inverse compositionality, by which the expression of a complex content is determined by the expressions of it parts and the mode of composition. But this presupposes that contents have constituent structure, and this cannot be taken for granted. However, it can be proved that if a certain principle of substitutivity is valid for a particular language, then the meanings expressed by its sentences can justifiably be treated as structured. In its simplest form, this principle says that if in a complex expression a constituent is replaced by another constituent with a different meaning, the new complex has a meaning different from the original. This principle is again inversely related to the normal compositional principle of substitutivity. The combination of ordinary and inverse compositionality is here called ‘strong compositionality’. The proof is carried out in the algebraic framework developed by Wilfrid Hodges and Dag Westerståhl. Communication and Strong Compositionality P Pagin pp. 287-322. 2006-11-02T19:27:06-00:00 287 322 communication compositional holism language philosophy semantics thought http://www.citeulike.org/group/214/article/925892 <i>Mind & Language, Vol. 12, No. 1. (1997), pp. 11-33.</i><br /><br />This paper deals with three prima facie problems for the compatibility of the principle of semantic compositionality with semantic holism. The first problem concerns the order and mode of determination of the meaning of complex expressions. The second concerns the individuation of meanings, and, as a consequence, the possibility of communication. The third problem concerns the role of compositionality in explaining the understanding of new sentences, and, in conjunction with that, the possibility of language learning. It is argued that each has an acceptable solution Is Compositionality Compatible with Holism? Peter Pagin doi:10.1111/1468-0017.00034 Mind & Language, Vol. 12, No. 1. (1997), pp. 11-33. 2006-11-02T19:26:19-00:00 1997 Mind & Language 12 1 11 33 compositional holism language philosophy semantics thought