CiteULike: Tag fraud

Adaptive Fraud Detection

Tom Fawcett — 2006-08-06T16:48:43-00:00

Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, Vol. 1, No. 3. (1997), pp. 291-316.

. One method for detecting fraud is to check for suspicious changes in user behavior. This paper describes the automatic design of user profiling methods for the purpose of fraud detection, using a series of data mining techniques. Specifically, we use a rule-learning program to uncover indicators of fraudulent behavior from a large database of customer transactions. Then the indicators are used to create a set of monitors, which profile legitimate customer behavior and indicate anomalies....

Fraud, errors and gamesmanship in experimental toxicology

Iain Purchase — 2006-11-09T15:14:06-00:00

Toxicology, Vol. 202, No. 1-2. (30 September 2004), pp. 1-20.

We expect moral behaviour from scientists. Morality implies being a good person and being good at one's profession. The general view appears to be that the vast majority of scientists aim to achieve these high standards.Science prides itself on the `self-correcting' mechanism in the scientific method, namely the requirement to reproduce findings before they are taken seriously. However, when findings are related to the adverse effects of chemicals there are several features that make this less effective than in some other fields of science. First, is the perception that everyone is exposed to chemicals and observations about chemical danger are immediately applicable to many people. Second, it is often easy to summarize adverse findings in attention-getting headlines seen by the lay public before the slow process of replication and interpretation has time to work. Third, most regulatory toxicology studies on a particular compound are only done once to minimise cost and the use of animals. Finally, the question posed about chemicals - are they safe? - is easy to ask but more difficult to test with appropriate studies.Fabrication of data in regulatory studies was found to occur in several contract laboratories in the 1960s and this lead directly to the introduction of Good Laboratory Practice regulations. Now studies submitted for regulatory purposes must comply with GLP regulations and this has virtually eliminated flawed studies due to fraudulent or careless behaviour.It is possible to discern different ways in which the expected standards have not been met. The first is in the intention of the work. Thus reports that the Roodeplaats Research Laboratory in South Africa was seeking to identify toxins that would kill without trace is an example where the intention is unacceptable. The second is in the conduct of the studies. Here the examples of William McBride and Michael Briggs who falsified data are pertinent. The example of the retraction of reports on the toxicity of ecstasy because the wrong compound had been administered indicates a degree of carelessness in the conduct of the study. The third is in the design and interpretation of studies. The report that genetic modification per se could render potatoes toxic has been criticised because of the inappropriate design and interpretation of the studies. Finally, that the reports of studies are biased because of conflicts of interest. Journals often require a declaration that the author has no financial conflict of interest. However, there are many other conflicts of interest with just as large an impact on the author's impartiality which are omitted from consideration. Gamesmanship has also entered the practice of toxicology, for example where strong assertions about conflict of interest are used to justify particular points of view.The main casualty from fraud, errors and gamesmanship is the perceived status of science itself. It is only gamesmanship that is on the increase. The remedies for these activities are explored.

Perils of Internet fraud: an empirical investigation of deception and trust with experienced Internet consumers

S Grazioli — 2006-11-23T14:54:01-00:00

Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 30, No. 4. (2000), pp. 395-410.

This study examines consumer evaluations of a real commercial web site and a fraudulent site that imitates it. The forged site contains malicious manipulations designed to increase trust in the site, decrease perceived risk, and ultimately increase the likelihood that visitors would buy from it. Besides measuring the consumer's willingness to buy from the site, this study recorded the actual ordering of a laptop. Results show that most subjects failed to detect the fraud manipulations, albeit a few succeeded. The fraud has the effect of increasing the consumers' reliance in assurance mechanisms and trust mechanisms, which in turn decrease perceived risk and increase trust in the store. The study confirms hypothesized relationships between purchase behavior, willingness to buy, attitudes toward the store, risk, and trust that are consistent with other trust models found in the literature. Overall, the study sheds light on consumers' vulnerability to attack by hackers posing as a legitimate site

Scientists behaving badly

Brian Martinson — 2005-06-08T20:26:40-00:00

Nature, Vol. 435, No. 7043. (08 June 2005), pp. 737-738.

Detecting Fraud in Mobile Telephony Using Neural Networks

H Grosser — 2008-07-24T15:53:50-00:00

Innovations in Applied Artificial Intelligence (2005), pp. 613-615.

Our work focuses on: the problem of detecting unusual changes of consumption in mobile phone users, the corresponding building of data structures which represent the recent and historic users’ behaviour bearing in mind the information included in a call, and the complexity of the construction of a function with so many variables where the parameterization is not always known.

Neural Fraud Detection in Mobile Phone Operations

Azzedine Boukerche — 2008-07-25T14:10:05-00:00

Parallel and Distributed Processing (2000), pp. 636-644.

With the increasing popularity of wireless and mobile networks, and the needs in the rapidly (hanging telecommunications industry, the security issue for mobile users could be even more serious than we expect. In this paper, we present an on-line security system for fraud detection of impostors and improper use of mobile phone operations based on a neural network classifier, It acts solely on the recent information and past history of the mobile phone owner activities, and classifies the telephone users into classes according to their usage logs. Such logs contain the relevant characteristics for every call made by the user. As soon as the system identifies a fraud, it notifies both the carrier telecom and the victim about it immediately and not at the end of the monthly bill cycle. In our implementation, we make use of Kohonen model because of its simplicity and its flexibility to adapt to pattern changes. Our results indicate that our system reduces significantly the telecom carrier’s profit losses as well as the damage that might be passed to the clients. This might help the carriers to reduce significantly the cost of phone calls and will turn to the users’ advantage.

Discussion of Auditing: Incentives and Truthful Reporting

Stanley Baiman — 2008-03-26T18:36:47-00:00

Enlarging the Fight against Fraud in the European Union: Penal and Administrative Sanctions, Settlement, Whistleblowing and Corpus Juris in the Candidate Countries

Peter Cullen — 2006-07-01T11:27:48-00:00

(20 August 2004)

Unsupervised Profiling Methods for Fraud Detection

Richard Bolton — 2007-03-17T15:12:25-00:00

Credit card fraud falls broadly into two categories: behavioural fraud and application fraud. Application fraud occurs when individuals obtain new credit cards from issuing companies using false personal information and then spend as much as possible in a short space of time. However, most credit card fraud is behavioural and occurs when details of legitimate cards have been obtained fraudulently and sales are made on a 'Cardholder Not Present' basis. These sales include telephone sales and...

Writing, Copying, and Autograph Manuscripts in Ancient Rome

Myles Mcdonnell — 2007-05-13T18:34:54-00:00

The Hoax

Clifford Irving — 2007-04-29T11:54:23-00:00

(06 March 2007)

Soon to be a major motion picture -- a no-holds-barred account of the most notorious literary hoax of the twentieth century, written by the perpetrator himself Before Oprah and TheSmokingGun.com had ever heard of James Frey, there was Clifford Irving. In 1971, he burst onto the literary scene, claiming to have been granted the right to pen the authorized biography of the famously reclusive icon Howard Hughes. Forged documents seemed to bear out his claims, and McGraw-Hill awarded him a contract for the then-enormous sum of $750,000. When Hughes himself emerged from seclusion to denounce Irving as a charlatan, McGraw-Hill stood by their author. It wasn't until Hughes filed suit, and Swiss bank officials got involved, that Irving finally confessed. The Hoax, first published in 1981, is Irving's explosive account of his own misdeeds -- and the inspiration for a soon-to-be released movie starring Richard Gere.

A Million Little Pieces

James Frey — 2007-04-29T11:52:46-00:00

(22 September 2005)

News from Doubleday & Anchor Books The controversy over James Frey's A Million Little Pieces has caused serious concern at Doubleday and Anchor Books. Recent interpretations of our previous statement notwithstanding, it is not the policy or stance of this company that it doesn't matter whether a book sold as nonfiction is true. A nonfiction book should adhere to the facts as the author knows them. It is, however, Doubleday and Anchor's policy to stand with our authors when accusations are initially leveled against their work, and we continue to believe this is right and proper. A publisher's relationship with an author is based to an extent on trust. Mr. Frey's repeated representations of the book's accuracy, throughout publication and promotion, assured us that everything in it was true to his recollections. When the Smoking Gun report appeared, our first response, given that we were still learning the facts of the matter, was to support our author. Since then, we have questioned him about the allegations and have sadly come to the realization that a number of facts have been altered and incidents embellished. We bear a responsibility for what we publish, and apologize to the reading public for any unintentional confusion surrounding the publication of A Million Little Pieces. We are immediately taking the following actions: <li>We are issuing a publisher's note to be included in all future printings of the book.* <li>James Frey has written an author's note that will appear in all future printings of the book.* Read the author's note. <li>The jacket for all future editions will carry the line "With new notes from the publisher and from the author." *Customers should find the Author's Note and Publisher's Note in copies purchased from Amazon.com after April 15, 2006. <hr noshade="noshade" size="1" class="bucketDivider" /><div class="bucket"> Note: The following editorial reviews were written before the recent revelations by James Frey and the publisher. Amazon.com The electrifying opening of James Frey's debut memoir, A Million Little Pieces, smash-cuts to the then 23-year-old author on a Chicago-bound plane "covered with a colorful mixture of spit, snot, urine, vomit and blood." Wanted by authorities in three states, without ID or any money, his face mangled and missing four front teeth, Frey is on a steep descent from a dark marathon of drug abuse. His stunned family checks him into a famed Minnesota drug treatment center where a doctor promises "he will be dead within a few days" if he starts to use again, and where Frey spends two agonizing months of detox confronting "The Fury" head on: <BLOCKQUOTE>I want a drink. I want fifty drinks. I want a bottle of the purest, strongest, most destructive, most poisonous alcohol on Earth. I want fifty bottles of it. I want crack, dirty and yellow and filled with formaldehyde. I want a pile of powder meth, five hundred hits of acid, a garbage bag filled with mushrooms, a tube of glue bigger than a truck, a pool of gas large enough to drown in. I want something anything whatever however as much as I can.</BLOCKQUOTE> One of the more harrowing sections is when Frey submits to major dental surgery without the benefit of anesthesia or painkillers (he fights the mind-blowing waves of "bayonet" pain by digging his fingers into two old tennis balls until his nails crack). His fellow patients include a damaged crack addict with whom Frey wades into an ill-fated relationship, a federal judge, a former championship boxer, and a mobster (who, upon his release, throws a hilarious surf-and-turf bacchanal, complete with pay-per-view boxing). In the book's epilogue, when Frey ticks off a terse update on everyone, you can almost hear the Jim Carroll Band's brutal survivor's lament "People Who Died" kicking in on the soundtrack of the inevitable film adaptation. The rage-fueled memoir is kept in check by Frey's cool, minimalist style. Like his steady mantra, "I am an Alcoholic and I am a drug Addict and I am a Criminal," Frey's use of repetition takes on a crisp, lyrical quality which lends itself to the surreal experience. The book could have benefited from being a bit leaner. Nearly 400 pages is a long time to spend under Frey's influence, and the stylistic acrobatics (no quotation marks, random capitalization, left-aligned text, wild paragraph breaks) may seem too self-conscious for some readers, but beyond the literary fireworks lurks a fierce debut. --Brad Thomas Parsons “The most lacerating tale of drug addiction since William S. Burroughs’ Junky.” —The Boston Globe “Again and again, the book delivers recollections that leave the reader winded and unsteady. James Frey’s staggering recovery memoir could well be seen as the final word on the topic.”—San Francisco Chronicle “A brutal, beautifully written memoir.”—The Denver Post “Gripping . . . A great story . . . You can’t help but cheer his victory.” —Los Angeles Times Book Review At the age of twenty-three, James Frey woke up on a plane to find his four front teeth had been knocked out. His nose was broken and there was a hole through his cheek. He had no idea where the plane was headed or what had happened over the preceding two weeks. He had been an alcoholic for ten years and a crack addict for three. When he checked into a treatment facility shortly thereafter, he was told he could either stop using or die before he reached twenty-four.A Million Little Pieces is Frey's acclaimed account of his six weeks in rehab; fiercely honest and deeply affecting, it is one of the most graphic and immediate books ever to be written about addiction and recovery.<hr>"James Frey has written the War and Peace of addiction. It lends new meaning to the word 'harrowing' and one sometimes shudders to read it. But deep down, beneath all the layers and the masks, there lives something unconquerable in Frey's hurt spirit... And the writing, the writing, the writing." <A HREF="/author.cgi/2672">PAT CONROY</A>"A Million Little Pieces is as intense and perfectly detailed an account of a human quitting his drug and alcohol dependency as you are likely to read. And James Frey is horribly honest and funny in a young-guard Eggers and Wallace sort of way, but perhaps more contained and measured. He is unerring in his descent into a world where the characters need help in such extremely desperate ways. Read this immediately." GUS VAN SANT"A Million Little Pieces is this generation's most comprehensive book about addiction: a heartbreaking memoir defined by its youthful tone and poetic honesty. Beneath the brutality of James Frey's painful process of growing up, there are simple gestures of kindness that will reduce even the most jaded to tears. Very few books earn those tears—this one does. It will have you sobbing, laughing, angry, frustrated, and most importantly, hopeful. A Million Little Pieces is inspirational and essential. A remarkable performance." BRET EASTON ELLIS<HR>

Other People's Money

Neil Forsyth — 2007-08-01T00:16:36-00:00

(06 April 2007)

Detecting fraud in the real world

M Cahill — 2007-05-22T21:33:32-00:00

(2000)

Finding telecommunications fraud in masses of call records is more dicult than nding a needle in a haystack. In the haystack problem, there is only one needle that does not look like hay, the pieces of hay all look similar, and neither the needle nor the hay changes much over time. Fraudulent calls may be rare like needles in haystacks, but they are much more challenging to nd. Callers are dissimilar, so calls that look like fraud for one account look like expected behavior for another, while...

Evolutionary Hot Spots Data Mining - An Architecture for Exploring for Interesting Discoveries

Graham Williams — 2006-11-10T04:26:33-00:00

(1999), pp. 184-193.

Fraud detection via regression analysis

Lindsay Mercer — 2006-11-09T04:41:02-00:00

Computers & Security, Vol. 9, No. 4. (June 1990), pp. 331-338.

Computerized fraud detection is an effective part of an overall fraud deterrence policy. Where the relationships between data are complex and have no identifiable external factors by which they may be defined, or where fraud is endemic, the auditor may apply statistical methods to detect frauds. This paper outlines how least-squares regression analysis can be used in fraud audits. It is a practical guideline directed to those EDP-auditors who are interested in detecting frauds rather than mathematical details.

A Classification System for Credit Card Transactions

Eliseo Reategui — 2008-05-02T02:53:29-00:00

(1994), pp. 280-291.

. This paper describes a system that responds to a significant problem involving credit card theft. After a card has been stolen, some of the transactions processed subsequently have to be granted if it seems that they were carried out by the card owner himself (e.g. by a standing order) while other transactions should be denied authorization if they were carried out by the misuser of the card. The system developed makes use of a neural network integrated with a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR)...

An Evaluation of High-end Data Mining Tools for Fraud Detection

Dean Abbott — 2006-11-13T01:28:58-00:00

(1998)

1 Data mining tools are used widely to solve real-world problems in engineering, science, and business. As the number of data mining software vendors increases, however, it has become more challenging to assess which of their rapidly-updated tools are most effective for a given application. Such judgement is particularly useful for the high-end products due to the investment (money and time) required to become proficient in their use. Reviews by objective testers are very useful in the...

Multiple algorithms for fraud detection

R Wheeler — 2006-11-09T02:31:27-00:00

Knowledge Based Systems, Vol. 13, No. 2-3. (2000), pp. 93-99.

This paper describes an application of Case-Based Reasoning to the problem of reducing the number of final-line fraud investigations in the credit approval process. The performance of a suite of algorithms which are applied in combination to determine a diagnosis from a set of retrieved cases is reported.

Discovery of fraud rules for telecommunications—challenges and solutions

Saharon Rosset — 2006-11-09T02:19:37-00:00

(1999), pp. 409-413.

A case study of applying boosting naive Bayes to claim fraud diagnosis

S Viaene — 2006-11-09T01:21:27-00:00

Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 16, No. 5. (2004), pp. 612-620.

We apply the weight of evidence reformulation of AdaBoosted naive Bayes scoring due to Ridgeway et al. (1998) to the problem of diagnosing insurance claim fraud. The method effectively combines the advantages of boosting and the explanatory power of the weight of evidence scoring framework. We present the results of an experimental evaluation with an emphasis on discriminatory power, ranking ability, and calibration of probability estimates. The data to which we apply the method consists of closed personal injury protection (PIP) automobile insurance claims from accidents that occurred in Massachusetts (USA) during 1993 and were previously investigated for suspicion of fraud by domain experts. The data mimic the most commonly occurring data configuration, that is, claim records consisting of information pertaining to several binary fraud indicators. The findings of the study reveal the method to be a valuable contribution to the design of intelligible, accountable, and efficient fraud detection support.

Statistical fraud detection: A review

R Bolton — 2006-10-29T23:58:52-00:00

Statistical Science, Vol. 17, No. 3. (2002), pp. 235-255.

Fraud is increasing dramatically with the expansion of modern technology and the global superhighways of communication, resulting in the loss of billions of dollars worldwide each year. Although prevention technologies are the best way of reducing fraud, fraudsters are adaptive and, given time, will usually find ways to circumvent such measures. Methodologies for the detection of fraud are essential if we are to catch fraudsters once fraud prevention has failed. Statistics and machine learning...

Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Bayesian and Neural Networks

Sam Maes — 2007-01-12T01:13:22-00:00

This paper discusses automated credit card fraud detection by means of machine learning. In an era of digitalization, credit card fraud detection is of great importance to financial institutions. We apply two machine learning techniques suited for reasoning under uncertainty: artificial neural networks and Bayesian belief networks to the problem and show their significant results on real world financial data. Finally, future directions are indicated to improve both techniques and results.

A Neural Classifier with Fraud Density Map for Effective Credit Card Fraud Detection

Min-Jung Kim — 2007-01-12T00:57:32-00:00

(2002), pp. 378-383.

Activity monitoring: Noticing interesting changes in behavior

Tom Fawcett — 2006-12-15T07:07:29-00:00

(1999), pp. 53-62.

We introduce a problem class which we term activity monitoring. Such problems involve monitoring the behavior of a large population of entities for interesting events requiring action. We present a framework within which each of the individual problems has a natural expression, as well as a methodology for evaluating performance of activity monitoring techniques. We show that two superficially different tasks, news story monitoring and intrusion detection, can be expressed naturally within the...

Employing Latent Dirichlet Allocation for fraud detection in telecommunications

Dongshan Xing — 2007-10-17T14:00:22-00:00

Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 28, No. 13. (1 October 2007), pp. 1727-1734.

Fraud detection in the telecommunications industry requires the identification of a small fraction of fraudulent calls from the high volume of call traffic. This presents a significant research challenge in the design of efficient and effective algorithms to combat telecommunications fraud. This paper employs Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to build user profile signatures and assumes that any significant unexplainable deviations from the normal activity of an individual user is strongly correlated with fraudulent activity. The user activity is represented as a probability distribution over call features which surmises the user's calling behaviour. This probability distribution is derived from LDA which can accurately describe user profiles by combining different classes of distributions. To score calls we compare the likelihood of the user generating a call versus a fraudster generating the same call. Our experiments demonstrate that using such a probability distribution and employing even a rough profile of a fraudster's activity ameliorates the detection of fraudulent calls. Our method is computationally efficient and can scale up to a realistic real time detection.

Plastic card fraud detection using peer group analysis

David Weston — 2008-04-15T12:57:40-00:00

Advances in Data Analysis and Classification, Vol. 2, No. 1. (12 April 2008), pp. 45-62.

Abstract Peer group analysis is an unsupervised method for monitoring behaviour over time. In the context of plastic card fraud detection, this technique can be used to find anomalous transactions. These are transactions that deviate strongly from their peer group and are flagged as potentially fraudulent. Time alignment, the quality of the peer groups and the timeliness of assigning fraud flags to transactions are described. We demonstrate the ability to detect fraud using peer groups with real credit card transaction data and define a novel method for evaluating performance.

Auto claim fraud detection using Bayesian learning neural networks

S Viaene — 2006-11-22T14:14:21-00:00

Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 29, No. 3. (October 2005), pp. 653-666.

This article explores the explicative capabilities of neural network classifiers with automatic relevance determination weight regularization, and reports the findings from applying these networks for personal injury protection automobile insurance claim fraud detection. The automatic relevance determination objective function scheme provides us with a way to determine which inputs are most informative to the trained neural network model. An implementation of MacKay's, (1992a,b) evidence framework approach to Bayesian learning is proposed as a practical way of training such networks. The empirical evaluation is based on a data set of closed claims from accidents that occurred in Massachusetts, USA during 1993.

Conditional probability of actually detecting a financial fraud - a neutrosophic extension to Benford's law

Sukanto Bhattacharya — 2005-04-26T05:59:17-00:00

(25 April 2005)

This study actually draws from and builds on an earlier paper (Kumar and Bhattacharya, 2002). Here we have basically added a neutrosophic dimension to the problem of determining the conditional probability that a financial fraud has been actually committed, given that no Type I error occurred while rejecting the null hypothesis H0: The observed first-digit frequencies approximate a Benford distribution; and accepting the alternative hypothesis H1: The observed first-digit frequencies do not approximate a Benford distribution. We have also suggested a conceptual model to implement such a neutrosophic fraud detection system.

A survey of trust and reputation systems for online service provision

Audun Josang — 2007-04-26T00:41:44-00:00

Decis. Support Syst., Vol. 43, No. 2. (March 2007), pp. 618-644.

Netprobe: a fast and scalable system for fraud detection in online auction networks

Shashank Pandit — 2008-01-13T23:15:48-00:00

(2007), pp. 201-210.

The fraud of Abderhalden's enzymes

Ute Deichmann — 2007-03-11T10:43:17-00:00

Nature, Vol. 393, No. 6681. (14 May 1998), pp. 109-111.

The Economics of Innocent Fraud : Truth For Our Time

John Galbraith — 2006-06-28T15:17:47-00:00

(26 April 2004)

John Kenneth Galbraith has been immersed in economics for most of his long and remarkable life. The purpose of this extended essay is to illuminate examples of "innocent fraud" or the gulf between perception and reality in the modern American economic system--a system he had a hand in creating during his tenure in FDR's administration. Though tackling serious subjects, the book sparkles with wit and sly understatement. "A marked enjoyment can be found in identifying self-serving belief and contrived nonsense," he writes, clearly enjoying himself. The dominant role of the corporation in modern society is one such form of innocent fraud, and he explains how managers hold the real power in our system, not consumers or shareholders as the image would suggest. Despite the "appearance of relevance for owners," capitalism has given way to corporate bureaucracy--"a bureaucracy in control of its task and its compensation. Rewards that verge on larceny." He also explains how the public realm is effectively controlled by the private sector. The arms industry is but one example of this: "While the Pentagon is still billed as being of the public sector, few doubt the influence of corporate power in its decisions." He also looks at the financial world which "sustains a large, active, well-rewarded community based on compelled but seemingly sophisticated ignorance," and in particular the Federal Reserve System, "our most prestigious form of fraud, our most elegant escape from reality." In essence, Galbraith says that the Fed, for all of its power and prestige, effectively does nothing. And he has little problem with this: "Let their ineffective role be accepted and forgiven." Both a guide to the present and an aid to shaping the future, this slim, satisfying book is a font of wisdom, conventional and otherwise, from a respected elder statesman in the twilight of his life. --Shawn Carkonen John Kenneth Galbraith has long been at the center of American economics, in key positions of responsibility during the New Deal, World War II, and since, guiding policy and debate. His trenchant new book distills this lifetime of experience in the public and private sectors; it is a scathing critique of matters as they stand today. Sounding the alarm about the increasing gap between reality and "conventional wisdom" -- a phrase he coined -- Galbraith tells, along with much else, how we have reached a point where the private sector has unprecedented control over the public sector. We have given ourselves over to self-serving belief and "contrived nonsense" or, more simply, fraud. This has come at the expense of the economy, effective government, and the business world. Particularly noted is the central power of the corporation and the shift in authority from shareholders and board members to management. In an intense exercise of fraud, the pretense of shareholder power is still maintained, even with the immediate participants. In fact, because of the scale and complexity of the modern corporation, decisive power must go to management. From management and its own inevitable self-interest, power extends deeply into government -- the so-called public sector. This is particularly and dangerously the case in such matters as military policy, the environment, and, needless to say, taxation. Nevertheless, there remains the firm reference to the public sector. How can fraud be innocent? In his inimitable style, Galbraith offers the answer. His taut, wry, and severe comment is essential reading for everyone who cares about America's future. This book is especially relevant in an election year, but it deeply concerns the much longer future.

Using relational knowledge discovery to prevent securities fraud

Jennifer Neville — 2007-07-18T19:10:09-00:00

(2005), pp. 449-458.

Investigating the previous studies of a fraudulent author

Richard Smith — 2006-03-13T09:21:21-00:00

BMJ, Vol. 331, No. 7511. (30 July 2005), pp. 288-291.

The campaign against health fraud.

C Richmond — 2008-07-20T09:31:07-00:00

The Practitioner, Vol. 233, No. 1476. (8 October 1989), pp. 1329-1330.

Deficiencies in the law, and persuasive fraudsters preying on real and imagined health fears, continue to cause great concern to victims, the professions and society as a whole. The Campaign Against Health Fraud has been formed to address this thriving and malignant relic of more desperate times.

Detecting health fraud in the field of learning disabilities.

RS Worrall — 2008-07-20T09:28:41-00:00

Journal of learning disabilities, Vol. 23, No. 4. (April 1990), pp. 207-212.

Quackery is currently a widespread problem that pervades all aspects of healthcare, including the treatment of learning disorders. A discussion of the nature of modern health fraud in special education is presented. The psychopathology of health fraud, the standards by which pseudoscience and health quackery are defined, and the complexities of learning disorders are discussed. A Therapy Rating Scale to determine if an alternative therapy is reasonable is presented. Several popular therapies are used as examples.

The impact of fraudulent research on the scientific literature. The Stephen E. Breuning case.

E Garfield — 2007-11-23T16:27:04-00:00

JAMA, Vol. 263, No. 10. (9 March 1990), pp. 1424-1426.

The goal of this study was to determine the research impact of scientific fraud through citation analysis of 20 Breuning publications, using the 1980 to 1988 Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index. These publications received 200 citations, of which 80 (40.0%) were self-citations by Breuning or his coauthors. Tracked over time, non--self-citations declined sharply in 1986 and later years, coinciding with disclosure of Breuning's fraud. The data indicated that, in this case, researchers effectively shunned work known to be or even suspected of being falsified. Unique citation contexts (101) were examined to see how citing authors used Breuning's work: 33 were negative (disagreed with findings/methods), 10 positive (agreed), and 58 neutral (no valuation). Also, 63 were inconsequential (no influence on the citing author's analysis/conclusion). Thirty-eight were material, but 21 of these led to negative conclusions. These data diminish the apparent impact of Breuning's work suggested by total citations alone.

The trouble with replication

Jim Giles — 2006-07-26T19:04:29-00:00

Nature, Vol. 442, No. 7101. (26 July 2006), pp. 344-347.

Academic accused of living on borrowed lines

2007-08-09T15:56:24-00:00

Nature, Vol. 448, No. 7154. (2007), pp. 632-633.

Purdue dogged by misconduct claims

Eugenie Reich — 2007-05-17T09:05:46-00:00

Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7142. (17 May 2007), pp. 238-239.

The Aftermath of Scientific Fraud

Laura Bonetta — 2006-05-11T09:49:57-00:00

Cell, Vol. 124, No. 5. (10 March 2006), pp. 873-875.

Scientists who have come face to face with scientific misconduct consider its consequences years later.

Modellers seek reason for low retraction rates

Declan Butler — 2007-05-17T09:03:20-00:00

Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7142. (17 May 2007), pp. 236-237.

Turkish physicists face accusations of plagiarism

Geoff Brumfiel — 2007-09-05T18:18:39-00:00

Nature, Vol. 449, No. 7158. (05 September 2007), pp. 8-8.

Named and shamed

David Cyranoski — 2006-05-24T19:41:56-00:00

Nature, Vol. 441, No. 7092. (24 May 2006), pp. 392-393.

Koreans admit disguising stem-cell lines

David Cyranoski — 2006-06-16T11:19:02-00:00

Nature, Vol. 441, No. 7095. (14 June 2006), pp. 790-791.

KOREAN STEM CELL SCANDAL: Schatten: Pitt Panel Finds 'Misbehavior' but Not Misconduct

Constance Holden — 2006-02-20T11:45:53-00:00

Science, Vol. 311, No. 5763. (17 February 2006), 928.

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CHINA: Doubts Over New Antibiotic Land Co-Authors in Court

Gong Yidong — 2006-02-20T11:45:13-00:00

Science, Vol. 311, No. 5763. (17 February 2006), 937.

Con men in lab coats.

2006-05-02T11:07:12-00:00

Sci Am, Vol. 294, No. 3. (March 2006)

Scientific misconduct: a new approach to prevention

Magne Nylenna — 2006-06-12T10:08:09-00:00

The Lancet, Vol. 367, No. 9526., pp. 1882-1884.