Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:04:25 BST CiteULike: Tag memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/tag/memory-trace CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1232773 <i>Int Rev Neurobiol, Vol. 37 (1994)</i> Memory and forgetting: long-term and gradual changes in memory storage. LR Squire Int Rev Neurobiol, Vol. 37 (1994) 2007-04-17T23:39:33-00:00 1994 Int Rev Neurobiol 0074-7742 37 memory memory-trace storage http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1232562 <i>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 33, No. 3. (1973), pp. 303-322.</i> Remembering, Knowledge, and Memory Traces Robert Shope Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 33, No. 3. (1973), pp. 303-322. 2007-04-17T17:57:44-00:00 1973 Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 33 3 303 322 memory memory-phil memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/511848 <i>Neuron, Vol. 20, No. 3. (March 1998), pp. 445-468.</i> Cognitive Neuroscience and the Study of Memory Brenda Milner Larry Squire Eric Kandel doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80987-3 Neuron, Vol. 20, No. 3. (March 1998), pp. 445-468. 2006-02-19T21:00:31-00:00 1998 Neuron 20 3 445 468 memory memory-systems memory-trace storage http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1232599 <i>Analysis, Vol. 36, No. 2. (1976), pp. 101-104.</i> Memory Unchained Again John Schumacher Analysis, Vol. 36, No. 2. (1976), pp. 101-104. 2007-04-17T18:15:02-00:00 1976 Analysis 36 2 101 104 memory memory-phil memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1237726 <i>C R Acad Sci III, Vol. 321, No. 2-3. (r 1998), pp. 91-96.</i><br /><br />Current models of brain function hold that learning corresponds to changes in the efficacy of single synapses. The study of learning and of a variety of forms of synaptic plasticity has revealed that both have at least two phases: an early phase that is not dependent on protein synthesis and a late phase that depends on new transcription and translation. Our laboratory has examined synaptic plasticity in Aplysia and in mice to better understand the regulatory events that lead to the induction of the late, protein synthesis-dependent phase of synaptic plasticity. Our recent studies of Aplysia have revealed that the genes that control the late phase of synaptic facilitation are controlled by both an activator, ApCREB1, and a repressor, ApCREB2. This leads to a model in which the late phase of synaptic facilitation is initiated by a perturbation of the balance between activators and repressors of transcription; this perturbation can be accomplished by regulating the activator, the repressor, or both. We, and others, have shown that this transcriptional switch is conserved, at least in part, in the regulation of synaptic plasticity in mice: CREB is implicated in activation of genes required for LTP, a model for synaptic plasticity in the mammalian hippocampus. We speculate that a similar balance between activators and repressors may regulate the genes required for long-term memory in mammals. A genetic switch for long-term memory. C Pittenger E Kandel C R Acad Sci III, Vol. 321, No. 2-3. (r 1998), pp. 91-96. 2007-04-20T02:20:35-00:00 1998 C R Acad Sci III 0764-4469 321 2-3 91 96 consolidation memory memory-trace storage http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1232613 <i>Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 44, No. 1. (1983), pp. 31-44.</i> Memory: What it is, and what it Cannot Possibly be EM Zemach Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 44, No. 1. (1983), pp. 31-44. 2007-04-17T18:19:52-00:00 1983 Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44 1 31 44 causal-theory memory memory-phil memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1232779 <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 93, No. 24. (26 November 1996), pp. 13438-13444.</i><br /><br />It is now clear that there are a number of different forms or aspects of learning and memory that involve different brain systems. Broadly, memory phenomena have been categorized as explicit or implicit. Thus, explicit memories for experience involve the hippocampus-medial temporal lobe system and implicit basic associative learning and memory involves the cerebellum, amygdala, and other systems. Under normal conditions, however, many of these brain-memory systems are engaged to some degree in learning situations. But each of these brain systems is learning something different about the situation. The cerebellum is necessary for classical conditioning of discrete behavioral responses (eyeblink, limb flexion) under all conditions; however, in the "trace" procedure where a period of no stimuli intervenes between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus the hippocampus plays a critical role. Trace conditioning appears to provide a simple model of explicit memory where analysis of brain substrates is feasible. Analysis of the role of the cerebellum in basic delay conditioning (stimuli overlap) indicates that the memories are formed and stored in the cerebellum. The phenomenon of cerebellar long-term depression is considered as a putative mechanism of memory storage. Memory systems in the brain and localization of a memory. RF Thompson JJ Kim Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, Vol. 93, No. 24. (26 November 1996), pp. 13438-13444. 2007-04-17T23:59:43-00:00 1996 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 0027-8424 93 24 13438 13444 memory memory-systems memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1232597 <i>The Philosophical Review, Vol. 78, No. 2. (1969), pp. 178-196.</i> Memory Unchained Roger Squires The Philosophical Review, Vol. 78, No. 2. (1969), pp. 178-196. 2007-04-17T18:14:40-00:00 1969 The Philosophical Review 78 2 178 196 memory memory-phil memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1268812 <i>J Neurosci, Vol. 9, No. 5. (May 1989), pp. 1774-1780.</i><br /><br />We have used the gill- and siphon-withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica to explore the morphological basis of the synaptic plasticity that underlies long-term sensitization. In earlier studies (Bailey and Chen, 1983, 1988a), we described 2 classes of structural changes at identified sensory neuron synapses that occur following long-term sensitization: (1) increases in the number, size, and vesicle complement of active zones and (2) an overall increase in the total number of synaptic varicosities per sensory neuron. In the present study, we have begun to examine which of these anatomical changes might be necessary for the maintenance of long-term sensitization by exploring the time course over which they occur and, in particular, their duration relative to the persistence of the memory assessed behaviorally. Toward this end we have quantitated changes in both the total number of varicosities and their active zone morphology in single HRP-labeled sensory neurons taken from long-term sensitized and control animals at different intervals (1-2 d, 1 week, and 3 weeks) following training. We have found that long-term sensitized animals examined within 48 hr after the completion of training demonstrate an increase in the total number of varicosities per sensory neuron as well as an increase in the incidence, size, and vesicle complement of their synaptic active zones compared with control animals. The increase in the number of varicosities and active zones persists unchanged for at least 1 week, and the increase in active zone number is only partially reversed at the end of 3 weeks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) Time course of structural changes at identified sensory neuron synapses during long-term sensitization in Aplysia. CH Bailey M Chen J Neurosci, Vol. 9, No. 5. (May 1989), pp. 1774-1780. 2007-04-30T17:54:12-00:00 1989 J Neurosci 0270-6474 9 5 1774 1780 forgetting memory memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1230392 <i>(1988), pp. 57-63.</i> In search of engram KS Lashley (1988), pp. 57-63. 2007-04-16T23:18:26-00:00 1988 57 63 MIT Press memory memory-history memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1232594 <i>Philosophy of Science, Vol. 42, No. 1. (1975), pp. 1-10.</i><br /><br />During the past decade there has been a very effective campaign against any explanation of remembering whose basic concept is that of a causally mediating trace. This paper attempts to provide such an explanation by presenting an explicit deductive argument for the existence of the memory trace. The conclusion is shown to follow from reasonable, empirical assumptions of which the most interesting is a spatiotemporal contiguity thesis. Set-theoretic techniques are used to provide a framework of analysis and probabilistic definitions of some causal notions, as that of a causal chain, are presented. An Argument for the Logical Notion of a Memory Trace Deborah Rosen Philosophy of Science, Vol. 42, No. 1. (1975), pp. 1-10. 2007-04-17T18:12:22-00:00 1975 Philosophy of Science 42 1 1 10 memory memory-phil memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1237729 <i>Learn Mem, Vol. 5, No. 4-5. (t 1998), pp. 365-374.</i><br /><br />We have used a combined genetic and pharmacological approach to define the time course of the requirement for protein kinase A (PKA) and protein synthesis in long-term memory for contextual fear conditioning in mice. The time course of amnesia in transgenic mice that express R(AB) and have genetically reduced PKA activity in the hippocampus parallels that observed both in mice treated with inhibitors of PKA and mice treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis. This PKA- and protein synthesis-dependent memory develops between 1 hr and 3 hr after training. By injecting the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin or the PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMPs at various times after training, we find that depending on the nature of training, contextual memory has either one or two brief consolidation periods requiring synthesis of new proteins, and each of these also requires PKA. Weak training shows two time periods of sensitivity to inhibitors of protein synthesis and PKA, whereas stronger training exhibits only one. These studies underscore the parallel dependence of long-term contextual memory on protein synthesis and PKA and suggest that different training protocols may recruit a common signaling pathway in distinct ways. Different training procedures recruit either one or two critical periods for contextual memory consolidation, each of which requires protein synthesis and PKA. R Bourtchouladze T Abel N Berman R Gordon K Lapidus ER Kandel Learn Mem, Vol. 5, No. 4-5. (t 1998), pp. 365-374. 2007-04-20T02:23:45-00:00 1998 Learn Mem 1072-0502 5 4-5 365 374 consolidation memory memory-trace storage http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1230411 <i>pp. 923-926.</i> John Sutton Philosophy and Memory Traces: Descartes to Connectionism pp. 923-926. 2007-04-16T23:42:31-00:00 923 926 connectionism memory memory-phil memory-trace http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/1237740 <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 262, No. 841. (1971), pp. 23-81.</i> Simple Memory: A Theory for Archicortex D Marr Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 262, No. 841. (1971), pp. 23-81. 2007-04-20T03:02:29-00:00 1971 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences 262 841 23 81 consolidation memory memory-trace storage http://www.citeulike.org/user/khm/article/946876 <i>Nature, Vol. 361, No. 6407. (7 January 1993), pp. 31-39.</i> A synaptic model of memory: long-term potentiation in the hippocampus TVP Bliss GL Collingridge doi:10.1038/361031a0 Nature, Vol. 361, No. 6407. (7 January 1993), pp. 31-39. 2006-11-16T06:47:00-00:00 1993 Nature 361 6407 31 39 memory memory-trace storage