Thu, 24 Jul 2008 23:23:44 BST CiteULike: Tag nature http://www.citeulike.org/tag/nature CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/zwang/article/1388842 <i>Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7146. (14 June 2007), pp. 791-797.</i> Nature's guide for mentors Adrian Lee Carina Dennis Philip Campbell doi:10.1038/447791a Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7146. (14 June 2007), pp. 791-797. 2007-06-14T00:58:54-00:00 2007 Nature 447 7146 791 797 nature science http://www.citeulike.org/user/ZhaoZhang/article/1134992 <i>Nature, Vol. 446, No. 7131., pp. 60-63.</i> The structure of suspended graphene sheets Jannik Meyer AK Geim MI Katsnelson KS Novoselov TJ Booth S Roth doi:10.1038/nature05545 Nature, Vol. 446, No. 7131., pp. 60-63. 2007-03-02T05:22:46-00:00 Nature 0028-0836 446 7131 60 63 Nature Publishing Group experiment graphene nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/ZhaoZhang/article/3006745 <i>Nat Nano, Vol. 3, No. 5. (May 2008), pp. 254-255.</i> Electronic materials: Making graphene for macroelectronics John Rogers doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.115 Nat Nano, Vol. 3, No. 5. (May 2008), pp. 254-255. 2008-07-15T19:09:29-00:00 2008 Nat Nano 3 5 254 255 Nature Publishing Group flexible-displays graphene macroelectronics nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2680051 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7189. (16 April 2008), pp. 810-811.</i> Tibetan wildlife is getting used to the railway Qisen Yang Lin Xia doi:10.1038/452810c Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7189. (16 April 2008), pp. 810-811. 2008-04-17T05:20:06-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7189 810 811 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2568671 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 289-289.</i> Galileo the artist Thomas de Padova doi:10.1038/452289b Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 289-289. 2008-03-21T04:33:21-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7185 289 289 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2568672 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 289-289.</i> Exhibition: Water works Nick Thomas doi:10.1038/452289a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 289-289. 2008-03-21T04:33:21-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7185 289 289 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2476647 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7183., pp. 84-87.</i> High-amplitude fluctuations and alternative dynamical states of midges in Lake Myvatn Anthony Ives Árni Einarsson Vincent Jansen Arnthor Gardarsson doi:10.1038/nature06610 Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7183., pp. 84-87. 2008-03-06T04:09:13-00:00 Nature 0028-0836 452 7183 84 87 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2371528 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7180. (14 February 2008), pp. 822-825.</i> Chaos in a long-term experiment with a plankton community Elisa Beninca Jef Huisman Reinhard Heerkloss Klaus Johnk Pedro Branco Egbert Van Nes Marten Scheffer Stephen Ellner doi:10.1038/nature06512 Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7180. (14 February 2008), pp. 822-825. 2008-02-13T20:43:08-00:00 2008 Nature 451 7180 822 825 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2405748 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7181. (21 February 2008), pp. 893-895.</i> Complex systems: Ecology for bankers Robert May Simon Levin George Sugihara doi:10.1038/451893a Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7181. (21 February 2008), pp. 893-895. 2008-02-21T09:13:09-00:00 2008 Nature 451 7181 893 895 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2406326 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7181. (20 February 2008), pp. 887-887.</i> Non-traditional publishing choices can enrich science Zeba Wunderlich Kishore Kuchibhotla doi:10.1038/451887a Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7181. (20 February 2008), pp. 887-887. 2008-02-21T13:23:23-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 451 7181 887 887 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2310569 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7178. (31 January 2008), pp. 527-528.</i> Sex determination: Some like it hot (and some don't) David Crews James Bull doi:10.1038/451527a Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7178. (31 January 2008), pp. 527-528. 2008-01-31T11:06:01-00:00 2008 Nature 451 7178 527 528 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2439350 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7182. (28 February 2008), pp. 1050-1050.</i> Celebrations for Darwin downplay Wallace's role George Beccaloni Vincent Smith doi:10.1038/4511050d Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7182. (28 February 2008), pp. 1050-1050. 2008-02-28T01:54:15-00:00 2008 Nature 451 7182 1050 1050 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2429147 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7177. (24 January 2008), pp. 401-401.</i> Book: Parallel lives Joanne Baker doi:10.1038/451401b Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7177. (24 January 2008), pp. 401-401. 2008-02-26T11:51:27-00:00 2008 Nature 451 7177 401 401 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2284217 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7177. (24 January 2008), pp. 401-401.</i> Book: Networking knowledge Richard Akerman doi:10.1038/451401a Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7177. (24 January 2008), pp. 401-401. 2008-01-24T10:33:01-00:00 2008 Nature 451 7177 401 401 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2463400 <i>Nature, Vol. 417, No. 6888. (30 May 2002), pp. 480-481.</i> Ecology: Neutrality versus the niche John Whitfield doi:10.1038/417480a Nature, Vol. 417, No. 6888. (30 May 2002), pp. 480-481. 2008-03-04T06:56:23-00:00 2002 Nature 417 6888 480 481 nature neutrality http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2246683 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7176. (16 January 2008), pp. 297-298.</i> A steep road to climate stabilization Pierre Friedlingstein doi:10.1038/nature06593 Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7176. (16 January 2008), pp. 297-298. 2008-01-17T18:11:37-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 451 7176 297 298 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/1272477 <i>Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7140. (3 May 2007), pp. 80-82.</i> Drought sensitivity shapes species distribution patterns in tropical forests Bettina Engelbrecht Liza Comita Richard Condit Thomas Kursar Melvin Tyree Benjamin Turner Stephen Hubbell doi:10.1038/nature05747 Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7140. (3 May 2007), pp. 80-82. 2007-05-02T17:47:19-00:00 2007 Nature 447 7140 80 82 nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/1095231 <i>Nature, Vol. 445, No. 7128. (07 February 2007), pp. 603-603.</i> A clash of two cultures Evelyn Keller doi:10.1038/445603a Nature, Vol. 445, No. 7128. (07 February 2007), pp. 603-603. 2007-02-08T19:38:44-00:00 2007 Nature 0028-0836 445 7128 603 603 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2568674 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 287-288.</i> Internet as utility? John Browning doi:10.1038/452287a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 287-288. 2008-03-21T04:33:21-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7185 287 288 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/945553 <i>Nature, Vol. 444, No. 7117. (15 November 2006), pp. 272-272.</i> Biology's big idea David Robinson doi:10.1038/444272a Nature, Vol. 444, No. 7117. (15 November 2006), pp. 272-272. 2006-11-16T03:45:47-00:00 2006 Nature 0028-0836 444 7117 272 272 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2526248 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7184. (13 March 2008), pp. 210-214.</i> Diversity and productivity peak at intermediate dispersal rate in evolving metacommunities PA Venail RC Maclean T Bouvier MA Brockhurst ME Hochberg N Mouquet doi:10.1038/nature06554 Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7184. (13 March 2008), pp. 210-214. 2008-03-13T13:27:32-00:00 2008 Nature 452 7184 210 214 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2526246 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7184. (13 March 2008), pp. 155-156.</i> Census of cyberspace censoring Bruce Schneier doi:10.1038/452155b Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7184. (13 March 2008), pp. 155-156. 2008-03-13T13:27:08-00:00 2008 Nature 452 7184 155 156 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2626778 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7187. (02 April 2008), pp. 535-535.</i> Film: Celluloid explores life of graduate student killer Emma Marris doi:10.1038/452535a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7187. (02 April 2008), pp. 535-535. 2008-04-03T16:42:36-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7187 535 535 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2350799 <i>Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7179. (06 February 2008), pp. 632-634.</i> Darwin's enduring legacy Kevin Padian doi:10.1038/451632a Nature, Vol. 451, No. 7179. (06 February 2008), pp. 632-634. 2008-02-08T00:40:44-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 451 7179 632 634 Nature Publishing Group evolution nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2648718 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7188. (10 April 2008), pp. 692-694.</i> Biology from the bottom up Steven Benner doi:10.1038/452692a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7188. (10 April 2008), pp. 692-694. 2008-04-10T09:16:36-00:00 2008 Nature 452 7188 692 694 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2478466 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7183. (6 March 2008), pp. x-x.</i> Making the paper: Anthony Ives doi:10.1038/7183xa Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7183. (6 March 2008), pp. x-x. 2008-03-06T12:00:34-00:00 2008 Nature 452 7183 x x Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2568666 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 297-298.</i> Human behaviour: Punisher pays Manfred Milinski Bettina Rockenbach doi:10.1038/452297a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 297-298. 2008-03-21T04:33:21-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7185 297 298 Nature Publishing Group milinski nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2564238 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (20 March 2008), pp. 348-351.</i> Winners don/'t punish Anna Dreber David Rand Drew Fudenberg Martin Nowak doi:10.1038/nature06723 Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (20 March 2008), pp. 348-351. 2008-03-19T21:27:06-00:00 2008 Nature 452 7185 348 351 Nature Publishing Group nature nowak http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2568677 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 282-282.</i> Qualities of a lone author are beneficial to science Kevin Hallock doi:10.1038/452282e Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 282-282. 2008-03-21T04:33:21-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7185 282 282 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2643823 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (20 March 2008), pp. 282-282.</i> Growth of activism calls for more thoughtful solutions doi:10.1038/452282c Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (20 March 2008), pp. 282-282. 2008-04-09T07:07:35-00:00 2008 Nature 452 7185 282 282 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2568678 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 282-282.</i> How genetic censorship would harm everyone Marcelino Fuentes doi:10.1038/452282d Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 282-282. 2008-03-21T04:33:21-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7185 282 282 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2680045 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7189. (16 April 2008), pp. 813-814.</i> Bedtime reading Jim Horne doi:10.1038/452813a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7189. (16 April 2008), pp. 813-814. 2008-04-17T05:20:06-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7189 813 814 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2680036 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7189. (16 April 2008), pp. 825-826.</i> Ecology: Destabilized fish stocks Nils Tristan Rouyer doi:10.1038/452825a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7189. (16 April 2008), pp. 825-826. 2008-04-17T05:20:06-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7189 825 826 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2568680 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 282-282.</i> Wildlife disease can put conservation at risk Darrick Evensen doi:10.1038/452282a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7185. (19 March 2008), pp. 282-282. 2008-03-21T04:33:21-00:00 2008 Nature 0028-0836 452 7185 282 282 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yuhc/article/2648685 <i>Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7188. (10 April 2008), pp. 665-665.</i> The path to productive partnerships doi:10.1038/452665a Nature, Vol. 452, No. 7188. (10 April 2008), pp. 665-665. 2008-04-10T09:06:28-00:00 2008 Nature 452 7188 665 665 Nature Publishing Group nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/yish/article/392810 <i>(16 September 2004)</i><br /><br /><p>In Book 3 of this four-volume work, Alexander presents hundreds of his own buildings and those of other contemporaries who have used methods consistent with the theory of living process.</p><p>Nearly seven hundred pages of projects, built and planned in many countries over a thirty-year period, illustrate the impact of living process on the world. The book provides the reader with an intuitive feel for the kind of world, its style and geometry, which is needed to generate living structure in the world and its communities, together with its ecological and natural character.</p><p>The projects include public buildings, neighborhoods, housing built by people for themselves, public urban space, rooms, gardens, ornament, colors, details of construction and construction innovation. The many buildings shown, and the methods needed to design and build these buildings, define living structure in a practical way that can be understood and copied.</p><p>". . . Alexander's approach presents a fundamental challenge to us and our style-obsessed age. It suggests that a beautiful form can come about only through a process that is meaningful to people. It also implies that certain types of processes, regardless of when they occur or who does them, can lead to certain types of forms."-Thomas Fisher, former editor of <i>Progressive Architecture</i>.</p><p><b>Christopher Alexander</b> is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, architect, builder, and author of many books and technical papers. He is the winner of the first medal for research ever awarded by the American Institute of Architects, and Emeritus Professor of Architecture at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught for 40 years.</p> A Vision of a Living World: The Nature of Order, Book 3 Christopher Alexander (16 September 2004) 2005-11-14T23:47:27-00:00 2004 Center for Environmental Structure architecture design nature order pattern theory http://www.citeulike.org/user/yish/article/392809 <i>(16 July 2004)</i><br /><br /><p>The processes of nature can make an infinite number of human faces, each one unique, each one beautiful. The same is true for daffodils, streams, and stars. But man-made creations-especially the towns and buildings of the 20th century-have only occasionally been really good, more often mediocre, and in the last 50 years have very often been deadly. What is the reason for the difference?</p><p>In Book 2, Alexander explains in detail the kinds of process that are capable of generating living structure. The unfolding of living structure in natural systems is compared to the unfolding of buildings and town plans in traditional society, and then contrasted with present-day building processes.</p><p>The comparison reveals deep and shocking problems which pervade the present day planning and construction of buildings. Pervasive changes are needed to create a world in which living process-and hence living structure-are possible; these are changes which are ultimately attainable only through a transformation of society.</p><p>It is the use of sequences which makes it possible for each building to become unique, exactly fitted to its context, and harmonious. And it is also this use of sequences which makes it possible for people to participate effectively in the layout of their own buildings and communities.</p><p>"This will change the world as effectively as the advent of printing changed the world . . ."-Doug Carlston, Silicon Valley luminary and former president of Broderbund</p><p><b>Christopher Alexander</b> is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, architect, builder, and author of many books and technical papers. He is the winner of the first medal for research ever awarded by the American Institute of Architects.</p> The Process of Creating Life: The Nature of Order, Book 2 Christopher Alexander (16 July 2004) 2005-11-14T23:41:47-00:00 2004 Center for Environmental Structure architecture design nature order pattern theory http://www.citeulike.org/user/yish/article/411189 <i>(1979)</i><br /><br />This volume provides the opening work in Christopher Alexander's seminal trilogy on architecture (continued in A Pattern Language and The Oregon Experiment). Here he provides a fascinating introduction to the ideas behind the succeeding two books. The Timeless Way of Building Christopher Alexander (1979) 2005-11-29T11:40:49-00:00 1979 Oxford University Press alexander architecture christopher design mathgamespatterns nature order patterns theory http://www.citeulike.org/user/vedprakash/article/94850 <i>Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 23, No. 2., pp. 158-158.</i> Indian Bt gene monoculture, potential time bomb K Jayaraman Jeffrey Fox Hepeng Jia Claudia Orellana doi:10.1038/nbt0205-158 Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 23, No. 2., pp. 158-158. 2005-02-15T07:20:40-00:00 Nature Biotechnology 1087-0156 23 2 158 158 Nature Publishing Group article bt gene indian monoculture nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/uriaha/article/333008 <i>(31 May 2003)</i><br /><br />In <I>The Blank Slate</I>, Steven Pinker, one of the world's leading experts on language and the mind, explores the idea of human nature and its moral, emotional, and political colorings. With characteristic wit, lucidity, and insight, Pinker argues that the dogma that the mind has no innate traits-a doctrine held by many intellectuals during the past century-denies our common humanity and our individual preferences, replaces objective analyses of social problems with feel-good slogans, and distorts our understanding of politics, violence, parenting, and the arts. Injecting calm and rationality into debates that are notorious for ax-grinding and mud-slinging, Pinker shows the importance of an honest acknowledgment of human nature based on science and common sense. The Blank Slate : The Modern Denial of Human Nature Steven Pinker (31 May 2003) 2005-09-27T14:08:46-00:00 2003 Gardners Books evolution nature nurture http://www.citeulike.org/user/tzushan/article/1243994 <i>TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 2. (1997), pp. 359-363.</i> On the Ethical Treatment of ESL Writers Tony Silva TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 31, No. 2. (1997), pp. 359-363. 2007-04-22T21:19:25-00:00 1997 TESOL Quarterly 31 2 359 363 l2 learners nature of the understanding http://www.citeulike.org/user/tzushan/article/1243992 <i>TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 4. (1993), pp. 657-677.</i><br /><br />Dealing effectively with L2 writers requires a clear understanding of the nature of L2 writing. In an attempt to develop such an understanding, 72 reports of empirical research comparing L1 and L2 writing were examined. The findings of this research indicate a number of salient differences between L1 and L2 writing with regard to both composing processes (and subprocesses: planning, transcribing, and reviewing) and features of written texts (fluency, accuracy, quality, and structure, i.e., discoursal, morphosyntactic, and lexicosemantic). Implications of the findings for L2 and L1 writing theory; future comparative writing research; and the practical concerns of assessment, placement, staffing, and instruction are discussed. Toward an Understanding of the Distinct Nature of L2 Writing: The ESL Research and Its Implications Tony Silva TESOL Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 4. (1993), pp. 657-677. 2007-04-22T21:17:13-00:00 1993 TESOL Quarterly 27 4 657 677 l2 nature of the understanding writing http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/2194342 <i>(01 March 1977)</i><br /><br /><P>Preeminent historian of medicine Owsei Temkin brought to his writing an awesome range of scholarship, for he was at home in the classical, the medieval, and the modern eras. The essays gathered in this volume deal with all the topics that Temkin considered most important in his work. They were widely commended for their originality, intelligent analysis, and impressive continuity of thought.</P><P>Temkin explores the history of basic medical sciences, of health and disease, and of surgery and drug therapy, as well as general questions concerning the historical and philosophical approach to medicine from antiquity to the early twentieth century. In a retrospective introduction which gives the book its name, Temkin relates his writings to his career as a scholar in Germany and the United States. He situates the writings against the background of the development of the study of medical history and provides recollections of such prominent figures as Karl Sudhoff, Henry E. Sigerist, William H. Welch, and Richard H. Shryock.</P> 'Basic science, medicine, and the Romantic era', in The Double Face of Janus and Other Essays in the History of Medicine O Temkin (01 March 1977) 2008-01-04T11:32:16-00:00 1977 The Johns Hopkins University Press analysis anatomy material nature philosophy zoology http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/2194129 <i>(03 April 2000)</i><br /><br /><div>Across Victorian Britain, apparently reasonable people twisted into bizarre postures, called out in unknown languages, and placidly bore assaults that should have caused unbearable pain all while they were mesmerized. Alison Winter's fascinating cultural history traces the history of mesmerism in Victorian society. <i>Mesmerized</i> is both a social history of the age and a lively exploration of the contested territory between science and pseudo-science. <br><br>"Dazzling. . . . This splendid book . . . gives us a new form of historical understanding and a model for open and imaginative reading."—James R. Kinkaid, <i>Boston Globe</i><br><br>"A landmark in the history of science scholarship."—John Sutherland, <i>The Independent</i><br><br>"It is difficult to imagine the documentary side of the story being better done than by Winter's well-researched and generously illustrated study. . . . She is a lively and keen observer; and her book is a pleasure to read purely for its range of material and wealth of detail. . . . Fruitful and suggestive."—Daniel Karlin, <i>Times Literary Supplement</i><br><br>"An ambitious, sweeping and fascinating historical study. . . . Beautifully written, thoroughly researched, and well-illustrated."—Bernard Lightman, <i>Washington Times</i></div> Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain A Winter (03 April 2000) 2008-01-04T10:25:47-00:00 2000 University Of Chicago Press authority mind moral naturalisation nature neurology phrenology http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/2195057 <i>(01 June 1978), pp. 33-56.</i> Perfect adaptation and teleological explanation: Approaches to the problem of the history of life in the mid-nineteenth century', in Studies in the History of Biology D Ospovat (01 June 1978), pp. 33-56. 2008-01-04T16:53:13-00:00 1978 33 56 The Johns Hopkins University Press geoffroy nature research http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/1221363 <i>(3 Apr 2007)</i><br /><br />This philosophical paper discusses the benefits of describing the world as information, especially in the study of the evolution of life and cognition. Traditional studies encounter difficulties because it is difficult to describe life and cognition in terms of matter and energy, falling into a dualist trap. However, if matter and energy, as well as life and cognition, are described in terms of information, evolution can be described consistently as information becoming more complex. Moreover, information theory is already well established and formalized. The paper presents five tentative laws of information, which are generalizations of Darwinian, cybernetic, thermodynamic, and complexity principles. These are further used to discuss the notions of life and cognition, including their origins and evolution. The World as Evolving Information Carlos Gershenson (3 Apr 2007) 2007-04-12T00:24:11-00:00 2007 evolution information nature research science http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/2194961 <i>(1979?), pp. ?-?.</i> 'Earth science and environmental medicine: the synthesis of the late Enlightenment, in Images of the Earth: Essays in the history of the environmental sciences (BSHS monographs ; 1) L Jordanova (1979?), pp. ?-?. 2008-01-04T16:17:09-00:00 ? ? British Society for the History of Science Ltd enlightenment environment nature philosophy http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/2644955 <i></i> Linnaeus and the Linneans - the spreading of their ideas in systematic botany, 1735 - 1789 Frans Stafleu 2008-04-09T14:00:21-00:00 International Association for Plant Taxonomy botany linnaeus nature science taxonomy http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/2644951 <i>(17 December 1999)</i><br /><br /><p> Drawing on letters, poems, notebooks, and secret diaries, Lisbet Koerner tells the moving story of one of the most famous naturalists who ever lived, the Swedish-born botanist and systematizer, Carl Linnaeus. The first scholarly biography of this great Enlightenment scientist in almost one hundred years, <i>Linnaeus</i> also recounts for the first time Linnaeus' grand and bizarre economic projects: to "teach" tea, saffron, and rice to grow on the Arctic tundra and to domesticate buffaloes, guinea pigs, and elks as Swedish farm animals. </p><p> Linnaeus hoped to reproduce the economy of empire and colony within the borders of his family home by growing cash crops in Northern Europe. Koerner shows us the often surprising ways he embarked on this project. Her narrative goes against the grain of Linnaean scholarship old and new by analyzing not how modern Linnaeus was, but how he understood science in his time. At the same time, his attempts to organize a state economy according to principles of science prefigured an idea that has become one of the defining features of modernity. Meticulously researched, and based on archival data, <i>Linnaeus</i> will be of compelling interest to historians of the Enlightenment, historians of economics, and historians of science. But this engaging, often funny, and sometimes tragic portrait of a great man will be valued by general readers as well. </p> Linnaeus: Nature and Nation Lisbet Koerner (17 December 1999) 2008-04-09T13:59:08-00:00 1999 Harvard University Press classification garden nature science taxonomy http://www.citeulike.org/user/TomQ/article/2644935 <i>(15 December 2000)</i><br /><br /><div>The royal Parisian botanical garden, the Jardin du Roi, was a jewel in the crown of the French Old Regime, praised by both rulers and scientific practitioners. Yet unlike many such institutions, the Jardin not only survived the French Revolution but by 1800 had become the world's leading public establishment of natural history: the Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle.<br><br>E. C. Spary traces the scientific, administrative, and political strategies that enabled the foundation of the Muséum, arguing that agriculture and animal breeding rank alongside classification and collections in explaining why natural history was important for French rulers. But the Muséum's success was also a consequence of its employees' Revolutionary rhetoric: by displaying the natural order, they suggested, the institution could assist in fashioning a self-educating, self-policing Republican people. Natural history was presented as an indispensable source of national prosperity and individual virtue.<br><br>Spary's fascinating account opens a new chapter in the history of France, science, and the Enlightenment.</div> Utopia's Garden: French Natural History from Old Regime to Revolution EC Spary (15 December 2000) 2008-04-09T13:54:03-00:00 2000 University Of Chicago Press cultivation institution knowledge museum nature social