Sun, 27 Jul 2008 06:10:25 BST CiteULike: Tag panama http://www.citeulike.org/tag/panama CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/Schiphorst/article/448438 <i>International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16, No. 12. (December 2005), pp. 2218-2236.</i> Contextualization and strategic international human resource management approaches: the case of Central America and Panama Asbjorn Osland Joyce Osland doi:10.1080/09585190500358653 International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 16, No. 12. (December 2005), pp. 2218-2236. 2005-12-23T15:18:25-00:00 2005 International Journal of Human Resource Management 0958-5192 16 12 2218 2236 Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group centralamerica hrm panama http://www.citeulike.org/user/satbiod/article/1030102 <i>Coral Reefs, Vol. V24, No. 1. (1 March 2005), pp. 31-42.</i> Coral reef distribution, status and geomorphology-biodiversity relationship in Kuna Yala (San Blas) archipelago, Caribbean Panama Serge Andréfouët Hector Guzman doi:10.1007/s00338-004-0444-4 Coral Reefs, Vol. V24, No. 1. (1 March 2005), pp. 31-42. 2007-01-08T12:59:26-00:00 2005 Coral Reefs V24 1 31 42 caribbean coral_reef landsat panama http://www.citeulike.org/user/satbiod/article/430701 <i>Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 91, No. 3-4. (30 June 2004), pp. 432-440.</i><br /><br />Mangrove stands of differing species composition are hard to distinguish in conventional, coarse resolution satellite images. The new generation of meter-level satellite imagery provides a unique opportunity to achieve this goal. In this study, an IKONOS Geo bundle image and a QuickBird Standard bundle image were acquired for a study area located at Punta Galeta on the Caribbean coast of Panama. The two images cover the same area and were acquired under equivalent conditions. Three comparison tests were designed and implemented, each with separate objectives. First, a comparison was conducted band by band by examining their spectral statistics and species by species by inspecting their textural roughness. The IKONOS image had a higher variance and entropy value in all the compared bands, whereas the QuickBird image displayed a finer textural roughness in the forest canopy. Second, maximum likelihood classification (MLC) was executed with two different band selections. When examining only multispectral bands, the IKONOS image had better spectral discrimination than QuickBird while the inclusion of panchromatic bands had no effect on the classification accuracy of either the IKONOS or QuickBird image. Third, first- and second-order texture features were extracted from the panchromatic images at different window sizes and with different grey level (GL) quantization levels and were compared through MLC classification. Results indicate that the consideration of image texture enhances classifications based on the IKONOS panchromatic band more than it does classifications based on comparable QuickBird imagery. An object-based classification was also utilized to compare underlying texture in both panchromatic and multispectral bands. On the whole, both IKONOS and QuickBird images produced promising results in classifying mangrove species. Comparison of IKONOS and QuickBird images for mapping mangrove species on the Caribbean coast of Panama Le Wang Wayne Sousa Peng Gong Gregory Biging doi:10.1016/j.rse.2004.04.005 Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 91, No. 3-4. (30 June 2004), pp. 432-440. 2005-12-08T12:22:26-00:00 2004 Remote Sensing of Environment 91 3-4 432 440 ikonos mangrove panama quickbird remote_sensing species http://www.citeulike.org/user/RicardoBrownSalazar/article/2694314 <i>Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 16, No. 10. (2007), pp. 2789-2800.</i><br /><br />Abstract  The limited international resources for economic aid and conservation can only mitigate poverty and losses of biodiversity. Hence, developing nations must establish the capacity to resolve their problems. Additionally, policy-makers and donors need to obtain scientific input on issues such as global change and ecosystem services. We propose that for nations rich in biodiversity, ecosystem services derived from bioprospecting, or drug discovery, could contribute to economic development. In the case where unstudied samples are shipped abroad for research, the chances of obtaining royalties are infinitesimally small. Therefore developing nations will only realize benefits from bioprospecting through in-country research on their own biodiversity. Policy-makers and donors have failed to appreciate the value of this approach. In order to provide an example of the inherent links between conservation and sustainable economic development, we initiated a drug discovery effort in Panama that emphasizes local benefit. As much of the drug discovery process as possible is conducted in Panamanian laboratories, providing jobs dependent on intact biodiversity and enhancing local research and training. In short, research, plus the spin-offs from research, provide immediate and long-lasting benefits to Panama. The connection between conservation and development has been highlighted in publicity about the project in Panama’s urban media. This provides a constructive alternative to the perception the among the urban populace that economic development inevitably competes with conservation. In summary, our program uses biodiversity to promote human health as well as to support research capacity, economic development and conservation within Panama. The program provides an example of the widely recognized but little developed concept of bioprospecting research as an ecosystem service. Linking bioprospecting with sustainable development and conservation: the Panama case Thomas Kursar Catherina Caballero-George Todd Capson Luis Cubilla-Rios William Gerwick Maria Heller Alicia Ibañez Roger Linington Kerry Mcphail Eduardo Ortega-Barría Luz Romero P Coley doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9214-2 Biodiversity and Conservation, Vol. 16, No. 10. (2007), pp. 2789-2800. 2008-04-21T06:05:17-00:00 2007 Biodiversity and Conservation 16 10 2789 2800 bioprospection panama http://www.citeulike.org/user/kblasdell/article/2550002 <i>Am J Trop Med Hyg, Vol. 74, No. 6. (June 2006), pp. 1103-1110.</i><br /><br />Habitat fragmentation commonly influences distribution of zoonotic disease reservoirs. In Panama, populations of rodent hosts of hantaviruses are favored by small habitat fragments isolated by agricultural lands. We expected a similar relationship between landscape characteristics and host distribution at fine geographical scales in southern Panama. The relative abundance of Zygodontomys brevicauda, the primary host for "Calabazo" virus, and other rodents was assessed at 24 sites within the Azuero Peninsula. We used satellite imagery to produce several spatial variables that described landscape; however, only slope was consistently related to abundances of the two most dominant rodent species. Using regression, we constructed a spatial model of areas of Z. brevicauda dominance, which in turn relates to higher infection rates. The model predicts highest abundances of Z. brevicauda in flat areas, where humans also dominate. These predictions have important ecological and conservation implications that associate diversity loss, topography, and human land use. Modeling hantavirus reservoir species dominance in high seroprevalence areas on the Azuero Peninsula of Panama. G Suzán JT Giermakowski E Marcé H Suzán-Azpiri B Armién TL Yates Am J Trop Med Hyg, Vol. 74, No. 6. (June 2006), pp. 1103-1110. 2008-03-18T10:29:37-00:00 2006 Am J Trop Med Hyg 0002-9637 74 6 1103 1110 hantavirus modelling panama reservoir http://www.citeulike.org/group/344/article/1573830 <i>Global Ecology & Biogeography, Vol. 16, No. 5. (September 2007), pp. 545-556.</i><br /><br />The long-term stability of coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and salt marshes depends upon the maintenance of soil elevations within the intertidal habitat as sea level changes. We examined the rates and processes of peat formation by mangroves of the Caribbean Region to better understand biological controls on habitat stability. Location  Mangrove-dominated islands on the Caribbean coasts of Belize, Honduras and Panama were selected as study sites. Methods  Biological processes controlling mangrove peat formation were manipulated (in Belize) by the addition of nutrients (nitrogen or phosphorus) to Rhizophora mangle (red mangrove), and the effects on the dynamics of soil elevation were determined over a 3-year period using rod surface elevation tables (RSET) and marker horizons. Peat composition and geological accretion rates were determined at all sites using radiocarbon-dated cores. Results  The addition of nutrients to mangroves caused significant changes in rates of mangrove root accumulation, which influenced both the rate and direction of change in elevation. Areas with low root input lost elevation and those with high rates gained elevation. These findings were consistent with peat analyses at multiple Caribbean sites showing that deposits (up to 10 m in depth) were composed primarily of mangrove root matter. Comparison of radiocarbon-dated cores at the study sites with a sea-level curve for the western Atlantic indicated a tight coupling between peat building in Caribbean mangroves and sea-level rise over the Holocene. Main conclusions  Mangroves common to the Caribbean region have adjusted to changing sea level mainly through subsurface accumulation of refractory mangrove roots. Without root and other organic inputs, submergence of these tidal forests is inevitable due to peat decomposition, physical compaction and eustatic sea-level rise. These findings have relevance for predicting the effects of sea-level rise and biophysical processes on tropical mangrove ecosystems. Caribbean mangroves adjust to rising sea level through biotic controls on change in soil elevation Karen Mckee Donald Cahoon Ilka Feller doi:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2007.00317.x Global Ecology & Biogeography, Vol. 16, No. 5. (September 2007), pp. 545-556. 2007-08-18T12:54:28-00:00 2007 Global Ecology & Biogeography 1466-822X 16 5 545 556 Blackwell Publishing adaptation belize caribbean honduras mangroves panama slr http://www.citeulike.org/group/344/article/1289843 <i>Ecology Letters, Vol. 10, No. 6. (June 2007), pp. 461-469.</i><br /><br />The impacts of global change on tropical forests remain poorly understood. We examined changes in tree growth rates over the past two decades for all species occurring in large (50-ha) forest dynamics plots in Panama and Malaysia. Stem growth rates declined significantly at both forests regardless of initial size or organizational level (species, community or stand). Decreasing growth rates were widespread, occurring in 24–71% of species at Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI) and in 58–95% of species at Pasoh, Malaysia (depending on the sizes of stems included). Changes in growth were not consistently associated with initial growth rate, adult stature, or wood density. Changes in growth were significantly associated with regional climate changes: at both sites growth was negatively correlated with annual mean daily minimum temperatures, and at BCI growth was positively correlated with annual precipitation and number of rainfree days (a measure of relative insolation). While the underlying cause(s) of decelerating growth is still unresolved, these patterns strongly contradict the hypothesized pantropical increase in tree growth rates caused by carbon fertilization. Decelerating tree growth will have important economic and environmental implications. Decelerating growth in tropical forest trees Kenneth Feeley Joseph Wright Nur Supardi Abd Kassim Stuart Davies doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01033.x Ecology Letters, Vol. 10, No. 6. (June 2007), pp. 461-469. 2007-05-11T13:45:54-00:00 2007 Ecology Letters 1461-023X 10 6 461 469 Blackwell Publishing bci growth_rate malaysia panama temperature http://www.citeulike.org/group/344/article/1272477 <i>Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7140. (3 May 2007), pp. 80-82.</i> Drought sensitivity shapes species distribution patterns in tropical forests Bettina Engelbrecht Liza Comita Richard Condit Thomas Kursar Melvin Tyree Benjamin Turner Stephen Hubbell doi:10.1038/nature05747 Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7140. (3 May 2007), pp. 80-82. 2007-05-02T17:47:19-00:00 2007 Nature 447 7140 80 82 climate distribution_model experiment panama pfts trf http://www.citeulike.org/group/342/article/407308 <i>Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 42, No. 6. (December 2005), pp. 1165-1174.</i> Barriers to forest regeneration of deforested and abandoned land in Panama Elaine Hooper Pierre Legendre Richard Condit doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01106.x Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 42, No. 6. (December 2005), pp. 1165-1174. 2005-11-24T14:37:53-00:00 2005 Journal of Applied Ecology 0021-8901 42 6 1165 1174 Blackwell Publishing competition dispersal fire panama regeneration toadd tropics http://www.citeulike.org/user/emayorga/article/1182130 <i>Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />Seasonal dynamics of dissolved inorganic nutrients (NO3-, PO43-, and Si(OH)4) and chlorophyll a were investigated in the Pacific shelf of Panama. The shelf is divided into two large semi-open areas, namely the non-upwelling Gulf of Chiriqui and the upwelling Gulf of Panama. Four research cruises sampled the water column in cross-shelf transects during wet and dry seasons at each region. Hydrological measures varied spatially between regions and also varied temporally on a seasonal basis. Low concentrations of NO3- (<0.50 [mu]M), PO43- (<0.27 [mu]M), and chlorophyll a (<0.34 mg m-3) were typical near the surface in the Gulf of Chiriqui during both rainy and dry seasons, but in the Gulf of Panama nutrients and chlorophyll were low only during the rainy season. In contrast, during the dry season upwelling in the Gulf of Panama, high concentrations of NO3- (15 [mu]M) and PO43- (1.2 [mu]M) in the upper layer caused surface chlorophyll a to peak (1.5 mg m-3). Median Si(OH)4 concentrations in the upper layer ranged from about 4 [mu]M in both regions during the rainy season to nearly 12 [mu]M in the Gulf of Panama during the dry season upwelling. Both the N:P and N:Si molar ratios suggest that phytoplankton is N-limited except in the Gulf of Panama during upwelling. In both regions, a subsurface chlorophyll maximum (>0.5 mg m-3) typically developed close to the usually shallow thermocline during non-upwelling conditions. We found no evidence of significant nutrient input from freshwater runoff. The position of the thermocline is considered to be the main source of nutrients to the euphotic zone in both regions. Variability in upwelling along the Pacific shelf of Panama and implications for the distribution of nutrients and chlorophyll L D'Croz A O'Dea doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2007.01.013 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2007-03-23T21:41:18-00:00 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science In Press, Corrected Proof chlorophyll coastal nutrients panama http://www.citeulike.org/user/emayorga/article/2437321 <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology, Vol. 23, No. 06. (2007), pp. 643-651.</i> A stable isotope study of a neotropical stream food web prior to the extirpation of its large amphibian community Piet Verburg Susan Kilham Catherine Pringle Karen Lips Dana Drake doi:10.1017/S0266467407004518 Journal of Tropical Ecology, Vol. 23, No. 06. (2007), pp. 643-651. 2008-02-27T15:37:26-00:00 2007 Journal of Tropical Ecology 23 06 643 651 13c 15n amphibians carbon centralamerica food_web nitrogen panama streams tropical http://www.citeulike.org/user/emayorga/article/2569887 <i>Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34 (11 January 2007), L01708.</i> Caribbean and Pacific moisture sources on the Isthmus of Panama revealed from stalagmite and surface water δ18O gradients Matthew Lachniet William Patterson Steve Burns Yemane Asmerom Victor Polyak doi:10.1029/2006GL028469 Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 34 (11 January 2007), L01708. 2008-03-21T14:21:10-00:00 2007 Geophysical Research Letters 34 L01708 18o atmospherictransport centralamerica panama precipitation stableisotopes stalagmites tropical water