Sun, 27 Jul 2008 06:06:09 BST CiteULike: Tag review http://www.citeulike.org/tag/review CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/zwang/article/2545283 <i>Annual Review of Biochemistry, Vol. 77, No. 1. (2008)</i><br /><br />Determining protein interaction networks and predicting network changes in time and space are crucial to understanding and modeling a biological system. In the past few years, the combination of experimental and computational tools has allowed great progress toward reaching this goal. Experimental methods include the large-scale determination of protein interactions using two-hybrid or pull-down analysis as well as proteomics. The latter one is especially valuable when changes in protein concentrations over time are recorded. Computational tools include methods to predict and validate protein interactions on the basis of structural information and bioinformatics tools that analyze and integrate data for the same purpose. In this review, we focus on the use of structural information in combination with computational tools to predict new protein interactions, to determine which interactions are compatible with each other, to obtain some functional insight into single and multiple mutations, and to estimate equilibrium and kinetic parameters. Finally, we discuss the importance of establishing criteria to biologically validate protein interactions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry Volume 77 is June 02, 2008. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/catalog/pubdates.aspx for revised estimates. Analyzing Protein Interaction Networks Using Structural Information Christina Kiel Pedro Beltrao Luis Serrano doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062706.133317 Annual Review of Biochemistry, Vol. 77, No. 1. (2008) 2008-03-17T11:09:05-00:00 2008 Annual Review of Biochemistry 77 1 interaction network protein review structure http://www.citeulike.org/user/zwang/article/1569225 <i>Nature, Vol. 448, No. 7155., pp. 767-774.</i> The common biology of cancer and ageing Toren Finkel Manuel Serrano Maria Blasco doi:10.1038/nature05985 Nature, Vol. 448, No. 7155., pp. 767-774. 2007-08-16T13:35:52-00:00 Nature 0028-0836 448 7155 767 774 Nature Publishing Group cancer review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zwang/article/1288112 <i>Nat Rev Genet (8 May 2007)</i><br /><br />Recent evidence of genome-wide transcription in several species indicates that the amount of transcription that occurs cannot be entirely accounted for by current sets of genome-wide annotations. Evidence indicates that most of both strands of the human genome might be transcribed, implying extensive overlap of transcriptional units and regulatory elements. These observations suggest that genomic architecture is not colinear, but is instead interleaved and modular, and that the same genomic sequences are multifunctional: that is, used for multiple independently regulated transcripts and as regulatory regions. What are the implications and consequences of such an interleaved genomic architecture in terms of increased information content, transcriptional complexity, evolution and disease states? Genome-wide transcription and the implications for genomic organization. Philipp Kapranov Aarron T Willingham Thomas R Gingeras doi:10.1038/nrg2083 Nat Rev Genet (8 May 2007) 2007-05-10T13:57:03-00:00 2007 Nat Rev Genet 1471-0056 genome-wide review transcription http://www.citeulike.org/user/zwang/article/1307464 <i>Nature Reviews Genetics, Vol. 8, No. 6., pp. 450-461.</i> Network motifs: theory and experimental approaches Uri Alon doi:10.1038/nrg2102 Nature Reviews Genetics, Vol. 8, No. 6., pp. 450-461. 2007-05-19T03:15:41-00:00 Nature Reviews Genetics 1471-0056 8 6 450 461 Nature Publishing Group motif network review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zwang/article/1986332 <i>Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, Vol. 8, No. 12. (December 2007), pp. 995-1005.</i> Predicting protein function from sequence and structure David Lee Oliver Redfern Christine Orengo doi:10.1038/nrm2281 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, Vol. 8, No. 12. (December 2007), pp. 995-1005. 2007-11-26T13:23:50-00:00 2007 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8 12 995 1005 Nature Publishing Group function prediction protein review sequence structure http://www.citeulike.org/user/zschappell/article/828304 <i>Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 14, No. 3. (1985), pp. 308-322.</i> Communitarian Critics of Liberalism [Liberalism and the Limits of Justice. (Michael Sandel)] Amy Gutmann Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 14, No. 3. (1985), pp. 308-322. 2006-09-05T10:24:24-00:00 1985 Philosophy and Public Affairs 14 3 308 322 communitarianism liberalism review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zobag/article/1187868 <i>Progress in Neurobiology, Vol. 46, No. 6. (August 1995), pp. 575-605.</i><br /><br />The major functions of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), including pain and analgesia, fear and anxiety, vocalization, lordosis and cardiovascular control are considered in this review article. The PAG is an important site in ascending pain transmission. It receives afferents from nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord and sends projections to thalamic nuclei that process nociception. The PAG is also a major component of a descending pain inhibitory system. Activation of this system inhibits nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn of the sinal cord. The dorsal PAG is a major site for processing of fear and anxiety. It interacts with the amygdala and its lesion alters fear and anxiety produced by stimulation of amygdala. Stimulation of PAG produces vocalization and its lesion produces mutism. The firing of many cells within the PAG correlates with vocalization. The PAG is a major site for lordosis and this role of PAG is mediated by a pathway connecting the medial preoptic with the PAG. The cardiovascular controlling network within the PAG are organized in columns. The dorsal column is involved in pressor and the ventrolateral column mediates depressor responses. The major intrinsic circuit within the PAG is a tonically-active GABAergic network and inhibition of this network is an important mechanism for activation of outputs of the PAG. The various functions of the PAG are interrelated and there is a significant interaction between different functional components of the PAG. Using the curent information about the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of the PAG, a model is proposed to account for the interactions between these different functional components. Functional characteristics of the midbrain periaqueductal gray Michael Behbehani doi:10.1016/0301-0082(95)00009-K Progress in Neurobiology, Vol. 46, No. 6. (August 1995), pp. 575-605. 2007-03-26T08:48:50-00:00 1995 Progress in Neurobiology 46 6 575 605 pag review toget http://www.citeulike.org/user/zobag/article/1046960 <i>Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 21, No. 1. (February 2007), pp. 1-8.</i> Anandamide: an update Smita Sushil Kumar Premendran doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2006.00454.x Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, Vol. 21, No. 1. (February 2007), pp. 1-8. 2007-01-17T20:07:35-00:00 2007 Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology 0767-3981 21 1 1 8 Blackwell Publishing anandamide review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zobag/article/854159 <i>Science, Vol. 296, No. 5568. (26 April 2002), pp. 678-682.</i><br /><br />The primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta9-THC), affects the brain mainly by activating a specific receptor (CB1). CB1 is expressed at high levels in many brain regions, and several endogenous brain lipids have been identified as CB1 ligands. In contrast to classical neurotransmitters, endogenous cannabinoids can function as retrograde synaptic messengers: They are released from postsynaptic neurons and travel backward across synapses, activating CB1 on presynaptic axons and suppressing neurotransmitter release. Cannabinoids may affect memory, cognition, and pain perception by means of this cellular mechanism. Endocannabinoid signaling in the brain. RI Wilson RA Nicoll doi:10.1126/science.1063545 Science, Vol. 296, No. 5568. (26 April 2002), pp. 678-682. 2006-09-22T08:15:46-00:00 2002 Science 1095-9203 296 5568 678 682 anandamide review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zobag/article/1278175 <i>Physiol. Rev., Vol. 83, No. 3. (1 July 2003), pp. 1017-1066.</i><br /><br />Freund, Tamas F., Istvan Katona, and Daniele Piomelli. Role of Endogenous Cannabinoids in Synaptic Signaling. Physiol Rev 83: 1017-1066, 2003; 10.1152/physrev.00004.2003.--Research of cannabinoid actions was boosted in the 1990s by remarkable discoveries including identification of endogenous compounds with cannabimimetic activity (endocannabinoids) and the cloning of their molecular targets, the CB1 and CB2 receptors. Although the existence of an endogenous cannabinoid signaling system has been established for a decade, its physiological roles have just begun to unfold. In addition, the behavioral effects of exogenous cannabinoids such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the major active compound of hashish and marijuana, await explanation at the cellular and network levels. Recent physiological, pharmacological, and high-resolution anatomical studies provided evidence that the major physiological effect of cannabinoids is the regulation of neurotransmitter release via activation of presynaptic CB1 receptors located on distinct types of axon terminals throughout the brain. Subsequent discoveries shed light on the functional consequences of this localization by demonstrating the involvement of endocannabinoids in retrograde signaling at GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. In this review, we aim to synthesize recent progress in our understanding of the physiological roles of endocannabinoids in the brain. First, the synthetic pathways of endocannabinoids are discussed, along with the putative mechanisms of their release, uptake, and degradation. The fine-grain anatomical distribution of the neuronal cannabinoid receptor CB1 is described in most brain areas, emphasizing its general presynaptic localization and role in controlling neurotransmitter release. Finally, the possible functions of endocannabinoids as retrograde synaptic signal molecules are discussed in relation to synaptic plasticity and network activity patterns. 10.1152/physrev.00004.2003 Role of Endogenous Cannabinoids in Synaptic Signaling Tamas Freund Istvan Katona Daniele Piomelli doi:10.1152/physrev.00004.2003 Physiol. Rev., Vol. 83, No. 3. (1 July 2003), pp. 1017-1066. 2007-05-05T00:05:26-00:00 2003 Physiol. Rev. 83 3 1017 1066 anandamide review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zobag/article/1278130 <i>PNAS, Vol. 101, No. 23. (8 June 2004), pp. 8512-8513.</i><br /><br />10.1073/pnas.0402935101 Endocannabinoids: Getting the message across Bradley Alger doi:10.1073/pnas.0402935101 PNAS, Vol. 101, No. 23. (8 June 2004), pp. 8512-8513. 2007-05-04T23:25:13-00:00 2004 PNAS 101 23 8512 8513 anandamide review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1535966 <i>European Urology, Vol. 50, No. 5. (November 2006), pp. 969-980.</i><br /><br />Objectives To update the complications of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), including management and prevention based on technological evolution.Methods Based on a MEDLINE search from 1989 to 2005, the 2003 results of quality management of Baden-Wurttemberg, and long-term personal experience at three German centers, the incidence of complications after TURP was analyzed for three subsequent periods: early (1979-1994); intermediate (1994-1999); and recent (2000-2005) with recommendations for management and prevention.Results Technological improvements such as microprocessor-controlled units, better armamentarium such as video TUR, and training helped to reduce perioperative complications (recent vs. early) such as transfusion rate (0.4% vs. 7.1%), TUR syndrome (0.0% vs. 1.1%), clot retention (2% vs. 5%), and urinary tract infection (1.7% vs. 8.2%). Urinary retention (3% vs. 9%) is generally attributed to primary detrusor failure rather than to incomplete resection. Early urge incontinence occurs in up to 30-40% of patients; however, late iatrogenic stress incontinence is rare (<0.5%). Despite an increasing age (55% of patients are older than 70), the associated morbidity of TURP maintained at a low level (<1%) with a mortality rate of 0-0.25%. The major late complications are urethral strictures (2.2-9.8%) and bladder neck contractures (0.3-9.2%). The retreatment rate range is 3-14.5% after five years.Conclusions TURP still represents the gold standard for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia with decreasing complication rates. Technological alternatives such as bipolar and laser treatments may further minimize the risks of this technically difficult procedure. Complications of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)--Incidence, Management, and Prevention Jens Rassweiler Dogu Teber Rainer Kuntz Rainer Hofmann doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2005.12.042 European Urology, Vol. 50, No. 5. (November 2006), pp. 969-980. 2007-08-05T06:03:10-00:00 2006 European Urology 50 5 969 980 basic complications fulltxt review turp http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506073 <i>Urologe A, Vol. 24, No. 1. (January 1985), pp. 23-30.</i><br /><br />Acute urinary retention without subvesical obstruction is associated with neurogenic or nonneurogenic disorders of bladder function. Urodynamic investigations differentiates sensoric and/or motoric disturbances of the micturation. Neurologic and laboratory examinations are necessary to clear the etiology. Symptomatic urological treatment and specific etiological therapy should be used to manage this entity. [Urinary retention without subvesical obstruction. Differential diagnostic considerations] W Thon E Senn K Bandhauer Urologe A, Vol. 24, No. 1. (January 1985), pp. 23-30. 2007-07-27T03:44:00-00:00 1985 Urologe A 0340-2592 24 1 23 30 diagnosis review urinary_retention http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506071 <i>Health Technol Assess, Vol. 10, No. 6. (February 2006)</i><br /><br />OBJECTIVES: To identify and synthesise studies of diagnostic processes of urinary incontinence and to construct an economic model to examine the cost-effectiveness of simple, commonly used primary care tests. DATA SOURCES: The electronic databases MEDLINE (1966--2002), CINAHL (1982--2002) and EMBASE (1980--2002). REVIEW METHODS: Studies were selected and assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies (QUADAS) tool. Studies that reported the results of applying the same diagnostic procedure using the same threshold value (cut-off) were pooled using a random effects meta-analysis model to produce pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio together with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: In total, 6009 papers were identified from the literature search, of which 129 were deemed relevant for inclusion in the review, and these papers compared two or more diagnostic techniques. The gold-standard diagnostic test for urinary incontinence with which each reference test was compared was multichannel urodynamics. In general, reporting in the primary studies was poor; there was a lack of literature in the key clinical areas and minimal literature dealing with diagnosis in men. Only a limited number of studies could be combined or synthesised, providing the following results when compared with multichannel urodynamics. A clinical history for diagnosing urodynamic stress incontinence (USI) in women was found to have a sensitivity of 0.92 and specificity of 0.56 and for detrusor overactivity (DO) a sensitivity of 0.61 and specificity of 0.87. For validated scales, question 3 of the Urogenital Distress Inventory was found to have a sensitivity of 0.88 and specificity of 0.60. Seven studies compared a pad test with multichannel urodynamics; however, four different pad tests were studied and therefore it was difficult to draw any conclusions about diagnostic accuracy. Of the four studies comparing urinary diary with multichannel urodynamics, only one presented data in a format that allowed sensitivity and specificity to be calculated. Their reported values of 0.88 and 0.83 suggest that a urinary diary may be effective in the diagnosis of DO in women. Examination of the incremental cost-effectiveness of three primary care tests used in addition to history found that the diary had the lowest cost-effectiveness ratio of between pound 35 and pound 77 per extra unit of effectiveness (or case diagnosed). Imaging by ultrasound to determine leakage was found to be effective in the diagnosis of USI in women, with a sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review of methods for diagnosing urinary incontinence. As reporting of the primary studies was poor, clinical interpretation was often difficult because few studies could be synthesised and conclusions made. The report found that a large proportion of women with USI can be correctly diagnosed in primary care from clinical history alone. On the basis of diagnosis the diary appears to be the most cost-effective of the three primary care tests (diary, pad test and validated scales) used in addition to clinical history. Ultrasound imaging may offer a valuable alternative to urodynamic investigation. The clinical stress test is effective in the diagnosis of USI. Adaptation of such a test so that it could be performed in primary care with a naturally filled bladder may prove clinically useful. If a patient is to undergo an invasive urodynamic procedure, multichannel urodynamics is likely to give the most accurate result in a secondary care setting. There is a dearth of literature on the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in men, with no studies meeting the study criteria for data extraction in the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction. There is a need for large-scale, high-quality primary studies evaluating the use of a number of diagnostic methods in a primary care setting to be undertaken so that the results of this systematic review can be verified or not. Such studies should include not only an assessment of clinical effectiveness, in this case diagnostic accuracy, but also an assessment of costs and quality of life/satisfaction to inform future health policy decisions. Studies carried out should be reported to a better standard. The recommendations of the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) initiative should be followed to ensure the accuracy and completeness of reporting design and results. Systematic review and evaluation of methods of assessing urinary incontinence. JL Martin KS Williams KR Abrams DA Turner AJ Sutton C Chapple RP Assassa C Shaw F Cheater Health Technol Assess, Vol. 10, No. 6. (February 2006) 2007-07-27T03:42:29-00:00 2006 Health Technol Assess 1366-5278 10 6 fulltext review urinary_incontinence http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506063 <i>Urology, Vol. 42, No. 2. (August 1993), pp. 216-224.</i><br /><br />The measurement of detrusor pressure and flow rate during voiding is the only way to objectively measure or grade infravesical obstruction. The resulting data cannot be interpreted easily. Manual as well as automatic methods have been introduced to derive one or several factors or parameters to quantify urethral resistance. A number of these methods are described in this overview. Since automatic methods involving computers guarantee uniform, unbiased, and objective processing of data, besides enabling the use of (statistical) methods that take into account more than one or two of the measured pressure and flow rate values, emphasis is on these methods. Some clinical results obtained with such automatic methods are discussed to illustrate the clinical value and possible impact on diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of lower urinary tract disorders. Automated evaluation of urethral obstruction. R van Mastrigt M Kranse Urology, Vol. 42, No. 2. (August 1993), pp. 216-224. 2007-07-27T03:39:37-00:00 1993 Urology 0090-4295 42 2 216 224 fulltext review urinary_obstruction http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506060 <i>Curr Urol Rep, Vol. 7, No. 5. (September 2006), pp. 363-369.</i><br /><br />This paper outlines the presentation, evaluation, and management of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in women as it relates to iatrogenic, anatomic, and neurogenic causes. Attention is given to the different diagnostic criteria used by various authors in their case series and studies. The lack of standardization with regard to the diagnosis of BOO in women emphasizes the fact that BOO is often a clinical diagnosis that is made by taking into account the history, physical examination, imaging of the lower urinary tract, and urodynamic pressure-flow parameters. Individual obstructive conditions including urethral stricture, postsurgical obstruction, primary bladder neck obstruction, pelvic organ prolapse, and neurogenic causes are addressed briefly. Bladder outlet obstruction in women: iatrogenic, anatomic, and neurogenic. RJ McCrery RA Appell Curr Urol Rep, Vol. 7, No. 5. (September 2006), pp. 363-369. 2007-07-27T03:38:07-00:00 2006 Curr Urol Rep 1527-2737 7 5 363 369 female review urinary_obstruction http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506055 <i>Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo, Vol. 59, No. 4. (August 2004), pp. 206-215.</i><br /><br />Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life in elderly men and women. With the progressive aging of the population, it is important to understand common micturitional disorders that may occur in this population. Most urinary problems in the elderly are multifactorial in origin, demanding a comprehensive assessment of the lower urinary tract organs, functional impairments, and concurrent medical diseases. Urodynamics is a highly valuable tool in the investigation of elderly patients with lower urinary tract symptoms. Urodynamic tests are not always necessary, being indicated after excluding potentially reversible conditions outside the urinary tract that may be causing or contributing to the symptoms. Although urodynamic tests may reveal common diagnoses such as bladder outlet obstruction and stress urinary incontinence in the elderly population, findings such as detrusor overactivity and impaired detrusor contractility are common and have important prognostic and therapeutic implications. The purpose of this article is to describe common urologic problems in the elderly and review the indications for and clinical aspects of urodynamic studies in these conditions. Voiding dysfunction and urodynamic abnormalities in elderly patients. CM Gomes S Arap FE Trigo-Rocha Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo, Vol. 59, No. 4. (August 2004), pp. 206-215. 2007-07-27T03:35:06-00:00 2004 Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 0041-8781 59 4 206 215 dysfunctional_voiding fulltext review urodynamics http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506052 <i>Nat Clin Pract Urol, Vol. 2, No. 11. (November 2005), pp. 555-564.</i><br /><br />What is the role of urodynamic assessments and have we made too much use of them? Is there a correlation between symptoms and underlying pathophysiology? These questions are addressed in this article. There are disparities in the assessment of lower urinary tract dysfunction between the accuracy of symptomatic assessment and the underlying pathophysiology. This is particularly evident with voiding symptoms, in contrast to storage symptoms, and has fuelled the debates that have resulted in the abandonment of the term 'prostatism' in favor of 'lower urinary tract symptoms', whereas the term 'overactive bladder syndrome' has been embraced as a storage symptom complex. Clearly, voiding disorders principally affect men, whilst storage disorders are more common in women. Much has been written and spoken about regarding the use of symptomatic assessment versus urodynamics in the assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men, whilst there has been a clearer consensus on the potential usefulness of urodynamics in the assessment of storage disorders, and so this article focuses principally on the latter topic. Primer: questionnaires versus urodynamics in the evaluation of lower urinary tract dysfunction-one, both or none? CR Chapple doi:10.1038/ncpuro0339 Nat Clin Pract Urol, Vol. 2, No. 11. (November 2005), pp. 555-564. 2007-07-27T03:33:56-00:00 2005 Nat Clin Pract Urol 1743-4270 2 11 555 564 dysfunctional_voiding review urodynamics http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506048 <i>Curr Opin Pediatr, Vol. 18, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 139-147.</i><br /><br />PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review will focus on the diagnosis and management of voiding dysfunction in neurologically and anatomically normal children. The discussion will highlight recent developments and research in the clinical approach as well as the etiology and classification of these disorders. RECENT FINDINGS: Voiding dysfunction in children encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical entities, recently classified collectively as dysfunctional elimination syndromes. Voiding dysfunction typically presents after toilet training and may originate from behavioral issues that arise around this time in childhood development. The spectrum of disorders includes urge syndrome, dysfunctional voiding with an uncoordination between the detrusor and urinary sphincter, and enuresis. Clinical symptoms may vary from mild incontinence to severe disorders with endpoints of irreversible bladder dysfunction with vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection and resulting nephropathy. Diagnosis relies heavily on a good history and physical examination, but also includes radiologic and urodynamic evaluation. Treatment generally consists of medical therapy, primarily with anticholinergics as well as behavioral therapy to modify learned voiding patterns that contribute to the voiding dysfunction. SUMMARY: This overview of voiding dysfunction in children outlines the established approaches to its diagnosis and treatment and highlights the most recent developments in the field. Diagnosis and management of dysfunctional voiding. AS Feldman SB Bauer doi:10.1097/01.mop.0000193289.64151.49 Curr Opin Pediatr, Vol. 18, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 139-147. 2007-07-27T03:29:55-00:00 2006 Curr Opin Pediatr 1040-8703 18 2 139 147 diagnosis dysfunctional_voiding management review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1506025 <i>Curr Urol Rep, Vol. 6, No. 4. (July 2005), pp. 271-275.</i><br /><br />Although primary bladder neck obstruction was first described approximately 70 years ago, it is within the past 20 years that the symptoms, signs, and methods of diagnosis and treatment have been elucidated. This article describes its typical presenting symptoms and signs that commonly may lead to a missed diagnosis for a number of years in many cases. The treatments typically available are pharmacologic or surgical. Unfortunately, most treatments have not been studied in prospective, randomized trials to assess true efficacy. The natural history of this disorder, both treated and untreated, demands much further study to determine its effect on progression of symptoms and bladder and renal function. Diagnosis and treatment of primary bladder neck obstruction in men. C Huckabay VW Nitti Curr Urol Rep, Vol. 6, No. 4. (July 2005), pp. 271-275. 2007-07-27T03:06:19-00:00 2005 Curr Urol Rep 1527-2737 6 4 271 275 bladder_neck_obstruction diagnosis_treatment review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1523312 <i>European Urology, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />Objectives The aim of this prospective study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of detrusor wall thickness (DWT), free uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine, and prostate volume (index tests) with pressure-flow studies (reference standard) to detect bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in men.Methods During a 2-yr period, men older than 40 yr with lower urinary tract symptoms and/or prostatic enlargement had the following tests: ultrasound measurements of DWT, free uroflowmetry (Qmax, Qave), postvoid residual urine, and prostate volume. Pressure-flow studies were used to divide obstructed from nonobstructed bladders.Results One hundred sixty men between 40-89 yr of age (median: 62 yr) were included in the study; 75 patients (46.9%) had BOO according to pressure-flow studies. The results of all investigated index tests differed significantly between obstructed and nonobstructed men. DWT was the most accurate test to determine BOO: the positive predictive value was 94%, specificity 95%, and the area under the curve of ROC analysis 0.93. There was an agreement of 89% between the results of DWT measurement and pressure-flow studies.Conclusions Measurements of DWT can detect BOO better than free uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine, or prostate volume. In clinical routine, DWT measurements can be used to judge BOO noninvasively. Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Tests to Evaluate Bladder Outlet Obstruction in Men: Detrusor Wall Thickness, Uroflowmetry, Postvoid Residual Urine, and Prostate Volume Matthias Oelke Klaus Hofner Udo Jonas de La Dirk Ubbink Hessel Wijkstra doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.023 European Urology, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2007-07-31T01:05:33-00:00 European Urology In Press, Corrected Proof bladder_neck_obstruction diagnosis fulltext review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1512923 <i>Urol Clin North Am, Vol. 23, No. 3. (August 1996), pp. 373-384.</i><br /><br />BPH is not synonymous with prostatic obstruction. The cause of symptoms in men with prostatism is multifactorial, comprising four conditions: (1) prostatic urethral obstruction, (2) impaired detrusor contractility, (3) detrusor instability, and (4) sensory urgency. Some men have an isolated obstruction at the vesical neck, termed primary vesical neck obstruction, that may have a different cause from that of BPH, and others have a learned voiding dysfunction wherein they are unable to relax completely during micturition. There is no simple means of distinguishing the various conditions that underlie voiding symptoms in men. Neither simple cystometry nor uroflow suffice. Detrusor pressure and uroflow studies usually are definitive, but more sophisticated analysis may be necessary. Obstructive uropathy in the male. JG Blaivas Urol Clin North Am, Vol. 23, No. 3. (August 1996), pp. 373-384. 2007-07-30T14:12:08-00:00 1996 Urol Clin North Am 0094-0143 23 3 373 384 review urinary_obstruction http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1512918 <i>Minerva Urol Nefrol, Vol. 56, No. 2. (June 2004), pp. 109-122.</i><br /><br />Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an important cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, many other causes, including smooth muscle dysfunction and neurological factors may contribute to these symptoms, and accurate diagnosis is imperative before invasive treatments are chosen. Careful recording of symptoms, giving emphasis on how they interfere with the patient's quality of life, as well as the use of properly selected tests, constitutes the mainstay of making a correct diagnosis. Men with mild or moderate symptoms not experiencing complications are ideal candidates for medical treatment. For the rest with persistent symptoms or complications such as infection, bleeding, chronic retention or renal impairment further investigation and more invasive forms of treatment need to be considered. We review the patho-physiology of the disease, and current approaches and management of this common problem. Lower urinary tract symptoms and benign prostatic hyperplasia. A Skolarikos AC Thorpe DE Neal Minerva Urol Nefrol, Vol. 56, No. 2. (June 2004), pp. 109-122. 2007-07-30T14:08:36-00:00 2004 Minerva Urol Nefrol 0393-2249 56 2 109 122 bph diagnosis fulltext luts review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1512886 <i>Urology, Vol. 66, No. 2. (August 2005), pp. 323-326.</i><br /><br />OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of endoscopic bladder neck incision (BNI) for functional bladder neck obstruction. Functional and/or mechanical obstruction of the bladder neck in men causes lower urinary tract symptoms. Although alpha-blockers are the initial treatment, they often fail to alleviate the symptoms. METHODS: The records of 45 men with obstructive voiding symptoms treated between 1988 and 1996 were reviewed. The symptom score, renal parameters, urine routine microscopy, urine culture and sensitivity, uroflowmetry, voiding cystourethrography, and videourodynamic results were reviewed. Patients with a peak flow rate of less than 10 mL/s, inadequate funneling of the bladder neck, more than 40 cm H2O opening pressure with a relaxed external sphincter, a postvoid residual urine volume greater than 100 mL, no neurologic defect, and a normal urethral caliber were included. They were treated with clean intermittent catheterization and alpha-blockers. Clean intermittent catheterization was stopped when the postvoid residual urine volume was less than 50 mL. BNI was performed in patients with a poor response, noncompliance, or side effects from the alpha-blockers. Postoperatively, patients were assessed by symptom score, uroflowmetry, and postvoid residual urine volume. RESULTS: Of the 45 men, 22 responded to alpha-blockers, 5 chose clean intermittent catheterization, and 18 underwent BNI. The mean patient age was 33.42 +/- 6.56 years. The mean follow-up was 96 months (range 46 to 140). After BNI, all patients showed improvement, with the symptom score improving from 26.9 to 3.6 (P < 0.001). The peak flow rate improved from 8.5 to 19.6 mL/s (P < 0.001). This improvement persisted in more than 80% of the 18 patients. Two required a second BNI and were also doing well at the last follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: BNI is an effective treatment for functional bladder neck obstruction refractory to alpha-blockers and provides durable results. Endoscopic incision for functional bladder neck obstruction in men: long-term outcome. A Suri A Srivastava KJ Singh D Dubey A Mandhani R Kapoor A Kumar doi:10.1016/j.urology.2005.03.041 Urology, Vol. 66, No. 2. (August 2005), pp. 323-326. 2007-07-30T13:48:57-00:00 2005 Urology 1527-9995 66 2 323 326 bladder_neck_obstruction diagnosis_treatment endoscopic review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1512879 <i>J Urol, Vol. 176, No. 1. (July 2006), pp. 29-35.</i><br /><br />PURPOSE: Many methods have been suggested to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction, as defined by the gold standard of pressure flow studies. Difficulty arises when comparing completely different methods of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. A comprehensive review of the literature on the different methods used to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction by noninvasive means was performed with a view to allow such a comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A MEDLINE search was done of the published literature covering until the end of 2004 on noninvasive methods, including single measure and combinations of measures, to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction. A direct comparison of all of the different methods was made using the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, and pretest and posttest probability of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction for each test. For many techniques these values were calculated from the data presented in the article. RESULTS: A multitude of methods has been applied to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction. Broadly the methods were divided into nonurodynamic and noninvasive urodynamic methods. Nonurodynamic methods were considered in part 1 of the review. Part 2 considered noninvasive urodynamic techniques, such as uroflowmetry, the penile cuff, the condom method and Doppler urodynamics. A combination of single measures was also considered and the relative merits of these approaches were discussed. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of noninvasive urodynamics and ultrasound derived measures provide promising methods of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. However, pressure flow studies still remain the gold standard for assessing bladder outlet obstruction. Noninvasive methods of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in men. Part 2: Noninvasive urodynamics and combination of measures. M Belal P Abrams doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00570-2 J Urol, Vol. 176, No. 1. (July 2006), pp. 29-35. 2007-07-30T13:45:08-00:00 2006 J Urol 0022-5347 176 1 29 35 bladder_neck_obstruction diagnosis review urodynamics http://www.citeulike.org/user/zkyken/article/1512860 <i>J Urol, Vol. 176, No. 1. (July 2006), pp. 22-28.</i><br /><br />PURPOSE: Many methods have been suggested for diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction, as defined by the gold standard of pressure flow studies. Difficulty arises when comparing completely different methods of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction. A comprehensive review of the literature of the different methods used to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction by noninvasive means was performed with a view to allow such a comparison. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A MEDLINE search was done of the published literature covering until the end of 2004 on noninvasive methods used to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction. A direct comparison of all different methods was made using the sensitivity and specificity, positive predictive value and likelihood ratio of each test. For many of the techniques these values were calculated from the data presented in the article. RESULTS: A multitude of methods has been applied to diagnose bladder outlet obstruction. Broadly the methods were divided into nonurodynamic and noninvasive urodynamic methods. Nonurodynamic methods include symptoms, biochemical tests such as prostate specific antigen, ultrasound derived measurements such as post-void residual urine, bladder weight, prostate configuration and size, intravesical prostatic protrusion and the Doppler resistive index. Part 1 of the review explores and discusses the relative merits of the nonurodynamic based methods. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound derived measures such as bladder wall thickness and bladder weight offer a promising possibility of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction noninvasively. However, further reproducibility and large accuracy studies with better methodological standards are required before they can replace pressure flow studies. Noninvasive methods of diagnosing bladder outlet obstruction in men. Part 1: Nonurodynamic approach. M Belal P Abrams doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(06)00569-6 J Urol, Vol. 176, No. 1. (July 2006), pp. 22-28. 2007-07-30T13:35:05-00:00 2006 J Urol 0022-5347 176 1 22 28 bladder_neck_obstruction diagnosis review http://www.citeulike.org/user/ziggy/article/2239709 <i>Presence: Teleoper. Virtual Environ., Vol. 16, No. 4. (August 2007), pp. 447-456.</i> The Use of Questionnaire Data in Presence Studies: Do Not Seriously Likert Mel Slater Maia Garau doi:10.1162/pres.16.4.447 Presence: Teleoper. Virtual Environ., Vol. 16, No. 4. (August 2007), pp. 447-456. 2008-01-16T15:23:58-00:00 2007 Presence: Teleoper. Virtual Environ. 1054-7460 16 4 447 456 MIT Press presence questionnaire review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zibdum/article/2205357 <i>Methods, Vol. 26, No. 2. (February 2002), pp. 156-161.</i> RNA affinity tags for purification of RNAs and ribonucleoprotein complexes Chatchawan Srisawat David Engelke doi:10.1016/S1046-2023(02)00018-X Methods, Vol. 26, No. 2. (February 2002), pp. 156-161. 2008-01-07T23:08:47-00:00 2002 Methods 26 2 156 161 biochemistry purification review rna http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhuwjun/article/143229 <i>Current HIV Research, Vol. 3, No. 2. (April 2005), pp. 157-181.</i> Non-Replicating Viral Vector-Based AIDS Vaccines: Interplay Between Viral Vectors and the Immune System L Sauter Rahman Amena Muralidhar Girija doi:10.2174/1570162053506900 Current HIV Research, Vol. 3, No. 2. (April 2005), pp. 157-181. 2005-03-30T23:00:55-00:00 2005 Current HIV Research 1570-162X 3 2 157 181 Bentham Science Publishers aids review vaccine vector-based http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/2105553 <i>Oncogene, Vol. 26, No. 56. (0000), pp. 7765-7772.</i> Chromatin structure and DNA double-strand break responses in cancer progression and therapy JA Downs doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1210874 Oncogene, Vol. 26, No. 56. (0000), pp. 7765-7772. 2007-12-13T17:12:52-00:00 0000 Oncogene 26 56 7765 7772 Nature Publishing Group cancer h2ax histone histone-modification review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/2999210 <i>Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Vol. 18, No. 6. (December 2006), pp. 598-608.</i><br /><br />The first identified biochemical hallmark of tumor cells was a shift in glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. We now know that much of this metabolic conversion is controlled by specific transcriptional programs. Recent studies suggest that activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a common consequence of a wide variety of mutations underlying human cancer. HIF stimulates expression of glycolytic enzymes and decreases reliance on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in tumor cells, which occurs even under aerobic conditions. In addition, recent efforts have also connected the master metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to several human tumor suppressors. Several promising therapeutic strategies based on modulation of AMPK, HIF and other metabolic targets have been proposed to exploit the addiction of tumor cells to increased glucose uptake and glycolysis. Glucose metabolism and cancer Reuben Shaw doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2006.10.005 Current Opinion in Cell Biology, Vol. 18, No. 6. (December 2006), pp. 598-608. 2008-07-14T16:44:32-00:00 2006 Current Opinion in Cell Biology 18 6 598 608 cancer glucose metabolism review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1002200 <i>Mol Cell, Vol. 23, No. 5. (1 September 2006), pp. 621-629.</i><br /><br />Three structurally related protein complexes, the COP9 signalosome, the proteasome lid, and the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3, are revealing new insights into developmental processes and into cell cycle control in healthy cells and cells exposed to genotoxic stress. Newly discovered cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases assembled on the CUL4 platform may provide links between DNA replication, chromatin, and proteolysis. Life is degrading--thanks to some zomes. AG von Arnim C Schwechheimer Mol Cell, Vol. 23, No. 5. (1 September 2006), pp. 621-629. 2006-12-19T19:34:47-00:00 2006 Mol Cell 1097-2765 23 5 621 629 lid proteasome review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/2566534 <i>Mol Cell, Vol. 29, No. 5. (14 March 2008), pp. 539-540.</i><br /><br />In a recent issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Kwon et al. (2008) report that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transactivator Tat inhibits the SIRT1 deacetylase, resulting in increased acetylation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit and subsequently in T cell hyperactivation. Tat-SIRT1 Tango. Dalibor Blazek B Matija Peterlin doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2008.02.007 Mol Cell, Vol. 29, No. 5. (14 March 2008), pp. 539-540. 2008-03-20T13:18:23-00:00 2008 Mol Cell 1097-2765 29 5 539 540 review sirt1 http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1002183 <i>Trends Biochem Sci, Vol. 30, No. 6. (June 2005), pp. 283-286.</i> Regulated protein degradation. A Varshavsky doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.04.005 Trends Biochem Sci, Vol. 30, No. 6. (June 2005), pp. 283-286. 2006-12-19T19:13:14-00:00 2005 Trends Biochem Sci 0968-0004 30 6 283 286 proteasome review ubiquitin http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1002173 <i>Trends Biochem Sci, Vol. 30, No. 4. (April 2005), pp. 183-187.</i><br /><br />Selective protein degradation by the 26S proteasome requires the covalent attachment of several ubiquitin molecules in the form of a multiubiquitin chain. Ubiquitylation usually involves three classes of enzymes: a ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) and a ubiquitin ligase (E3). However, in some cases, multiubiquitylation requires the additional activity of certain ubiquitin-chain elongation factors. Yeast UFD2 (ubiquitin fusion degradation), for example, binds to oligoubiquitylated substrates (proteins modified by only a few ubiquitin molecules) and catalyses multiubiquitin-chain assembly in collaboration with E1, E2 and E3. Enzymes possessing this specific activity have been proposed to be termed 'E4 enzymes'. Recent studies have provided accumulating evidence that has led some researchers in the field to conclude that E4, indeed, represents a distinct and novel class of enzymes. Multiubiquitylation by E4 enzymes: 'one size' doesn't fit all. T Hoppe doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2005.02.004 Trends Biochem Sci, Vol. 30, No. 4. (April 2005), pp. 183-187. 2006-12-19T18:55:42-00:00 2005 Trends Biochem Sci 0968-0004 30 4 183 187 proteasome review ubiquitin http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/2945725 <i>Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />Calorie restriction extends lifespan and produces a metabolic profile desirable for treating diseases such as type 2 diabetes. SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, is a principal modulator of pathways downstream of calorie restriction that produces beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Activation of SIRT1 leads to enhanced activity of multiple proteins, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1[alpha] (PGC-1[alpha]) and FOXO which helps to mediate some of the in vitro and in vivo effects of sirtuins. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic SIRT1 activator, mimics the effects of calorie restriction in lower organisms and in mice fed a high-fat diet ameliorates insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize recent research advances in unveiling the molecular mechanisms that underpin sirtuin as therapeutic candidates and discuss the possibility of using resveratrol as potential drug for treatment of diabetes. Sirtuins: Novel targets for metabolic disease in drug development Wei-Jian Jiang doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.048 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2008-06-30T19:50:18-00:00 Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications In Press, Corrected Proof review sirtuin http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/2387351 <i>Nat Rev Cancer (14 February 2008)</i><br /><br />Areas of hypoxic tumour tissue are known to be resistant to treatment and are associated with a poor clinical prognosis. There are several reasons why this might be, including the capacity of hypoxia to drive genomic instability and alter DNA damage repair pathways. Significantly, current models fail to distinguish between the complexities of the hypoxic microenvironment and the biological effects of acute hypoxia exposures versus longer-term, chronic hypoxia exposures on the transcription and translation of proteins involved in genetic stability and cell survival. Acute and chronic hypoxia might lead to different biology within the tumour and this might have a direct effect on the design of new therapies for the treatment of hypoxic tumours. Hypoxia and metabolism: Hypoxia, DNA repair and genetic instability. Robert G Bristow Richard P Hill doi:10.1038/nrc2344 Nat Rev Cancer (14 February 2008) 2008-02-15T20:51:27-00:00 2008 Nat Rev Cancer 1474-1768 dna-damage hypoxia review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/2609347 <i>Int J Biochem Cell Biol, Vol. 40, No. 2. (2008), pp. 176-180.</i><br /><br />Ageing is defined by the loss of functional reserve over time, leading to a decreased capacity to maintain homeostasis under stress and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Ageing is extremely heterogeneous between individuals and even between tissues within an organism, making it challenging to identify the molecular basis of ageing. Much of our current understanding of ageing comes from genetic studies in model organisms seeking genes that either accelerate or decelerate the ageing process. These studies revealed not only causes of ageing, but also signaling mechanisms that both promote and protect against ageing. In all cases, the signaling pathways that influence lifespan are familiar mechanisms that regulate cellular metabolism, growth, proliferation, differentiation and survival. This review highlights the significant overlap in signaling mechanisms implicated in both the cellular response to genotoxic stress and regulation of organism lifespan. Signaling mechanisms involved in the response to genotoxic stress and regulating lifespan. LJ Niedernhofer PD Robbins doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2007.10.008 Int J Biochem Cell Biol, Vol. 40, No. 2. (2008), pp. 176-180. 2008-03-28T20:12:00-00:00 2008 Int J Biochem Cell Biol 1357-2725 40 2 176 180 aging dna-damage review sirt1 http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/574902 <i>Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, Vol. 4, No. 3. (March 2003), pp. 192-201.</i><br /><br />Gene transcription and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis are two processes that have seemingly nothing in common: transcription is the first step in the life of any protein and proteolysis the last. Despite the disparate nature of these processes, a growing body of evidence indicates that ubiquitin and the proteasome are intimately involved in gene control. Here, we discuss the deep mechanistic connections between transcription and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and highlight how the intersection of these processes tightly controls expression of the genetic information. How the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls transcription. M Muratani WP Tansey doi:10.1038/nrm1049 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, Vol. 4, No. 3. (March 2003), pp. 192-201. 2006-04-03T19:48:09-00:00 2003 Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 1471-0072 4 3 192 201 proteasome proteasome-in-transcription review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/574885 <i>Curr Opin Genet Dev, Vol. 16, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 197-202.</i><br /><br />A growing body of evidence demonstrates that the components of the proteasome are involved directly and mechanistically in the regulation of gene transcription. Proteolytic activities of the proteasome are important for establishing limits for transcription, for promoting the exchange of transcription factors on chromatin, and possibly for facilitating multiple rounds of transcription initiation. Non-proteolytic activities of the proteasome are important for co-activator recruitment, transcriptional elongation, and histone modification. Here, we discuss different ways in which the proteasome can influence transcription, and argue that its unique combination of biological activities makes it ideally suited to act at multiple stages in the transcription process. The proteasome: a utility tool for transcription? GA Collins WP Tansey doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.02.009 Curr Opin Genet Dev, Vol. 16, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 197-202. 2006-04-03T19:36:45-00:00 2006 Curr Opin Genet Dev 0959-437X 16 2 197 202 proteasome proteasome-in-transcription review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/574884 <i>J Mol Endocrinol, Vol. 34, No. 2. (April 2005), pp. 281-297.</i><br /><br />Over 25 years ago, eukaryotic cells were shown to contain a highly specific system for the selective degradation of short-lived proteins, this system is known as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In this pathway, proteins are targeted for degradation by covalent modification by a small highly conserved protein named ubiquitin. Ubiquitin-mediated degradation of regulatory proteins plays an important role in numerous cell processes, including cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation. Recent experiments have shown that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is also involved in nuclear hormone receptor (NR)-mediated transcriptional regulation. The idea that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in NR-mediated transcription is strengthened by experiments showing that ubiquitin-proteasome components are recruited to NR target gene promoters. However, it is not clear how these components modulate NR-mediated chromatin remodeling and gene expression. In this review, we postulate the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway on NR-mediated chromatin remodeling and gene regulation based on the current knowledge from studies implicating the pathway in chromatin structure modifications that are applicable to NR function. Since evidence from this laboratory, using the glucocorticoid receptor responsive mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter organized as chromatin, suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome system may be involved in the elongation phase of transcription, we particularly concentrate on chromatin modifications associated with the elongation phase. Linking the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to chromatin remodeling/modification by nuclear receptors. HK Kinyamu J Chen TK Archer doi:10.1677/jme.1.01680 J Mol Endocrinol, Vol. 34, No. 2. (April 2005), pp. 281-297. 2006-04-03T19:32:18-00:00 2005 J Mol Endocrinol 0952-5041 34 2 281 297 chromatin-remodeling-modification proteasome proteasome-in-transcription review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1947476 <i>Cell, Vol. 131, No. 1. (5 October 2007), pp. 29-32.</i><br /><br />Methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me) by the Polycomb complex (PRC2) proteins is associated with gene silencing in many developmental processes. A cluster of recent papers ([Agger et al., 2007], [De Santa et al., 2007], [Lan et al., 2007] and [Lee et al., 2007]) identify the JmjC-domain proteins UTX and JMJD3 as H3K27-specific demethylases that remove this methyl mark, enabling the activation of genes involved in animal body patterning and the inflammatory response. H3K27 Demethylases, at Long Last Tomek Swigut Joanna Wysocka doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.09.026 Cell, Vol. 131, No. 1. (5 October 2007), pp. 29-32. 2007-11-21T00:11:28-00:00 2007 Cell 131 1 29 32 demethylation histone methylation review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/574739 <i>Cell, Vol. 123, No. 3. (4 November 2005), pp. 361-363.</i><br /><br />The proteasome is a large multiprotein complex that has a critical role in the degradation of ubiquitylated proteins. A fascinating paper in this issue of Cell (Lee et al., 2005) now reveals that the proteasome recruits the SAGA histone acetyltransferase complex to a target promoter during gene activation. This finding adds to the growing body of evidence indicating that the proteasome has nonproteolytic functions. The proteasome: not just degrading anymore. SP Baker PA Grant doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.013 Cell, Vol. 123, No. 3. (4 November 2005), pp. 361-363. 2006-04-03T16:11:56-00:00 2005 Cell 0092-8674 123 3 361 363 proteasome review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/2607712 <i>Cell, Vol. 120, No. 4. (25 February 2005), pp. 483-495.</i><br /><br />The free radical theory of aging postulates that the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species is the major determinant of life span. Numerous cell culture, invertebrate, and mammalian models exist that lend support to this half-century-old hypothesis. Here we review the evidence that both supports and conflicts with the free radical theory and examine the growing link between mitochondrial metabolism, oxidant formation, and the biology of aging. Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging. RS Balaban S Nemoto T Finkel doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.001 Cell, Vol. 120, No. 4. (25 February 2005), pp. 483-495. 2008-03-28T15:29:13-00:00 2005 Cell 0092-8674 120 4 483 495 aging cancer mitochondria review ros http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1401848 <i>Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7147. (21 June 2007), pp. 951-958.</i> Chromatin dynamics and the preservation of genetic information Jessica Downs Michel Nussenzweig Andre Nussenzweig doi:10.1038/nature05980 Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7147. (21 June 2007), pp. 951-958. 2007-06-21T03:39:23-00:00 2007 Nature 447 7147 951 958 chromatin-remodeling-modification dna-damage histone review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/108858 <i>Nature Reviews Genetics, Vol. 6, No. 3. (01 March 2005), pp. 167-178.</i> Emerging technologies for gene manipulation in Drosophila melanogaster Koen Venken Hugo Bellen doi:10.1038/nrg1553 Nature Reviews Genetics, Vol. 6, No. 3. (01 March 2005), pp. 167-178. 2005-03-01T19:48:32-00:00 2005 Nature Reviews Genetics 1471-0056 6 3 167 178 Nature Publishing Group drosophila review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1872212 <i>Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1025-1040.</i> How chromatin-binding modules interpret histone modifications: lessons from professional pocket pickers Sean Taverna Haitao Li Alexander Ruthenburg David Allis Dinshaw Patel doi:10.1038/nsmb1338 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1025-1040. 2007-11-06T06:48:24-00:00 2007 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 1545-9993 14 11 1025 1040 Nature Publishing Group chromatin chromatin-remodeling-modification review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1872213 <i>Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1017-1024.</i> Cross-regulation of histone modifications John Latham Sharon Dent doi:10.1038/nsmb1307 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1017-1024. 2007-11-06T06:48:24-00:00 2007 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 1545-9993 14 11 1017 1024 Nature Publishing Group chromatin chromatin-remodeling-modification review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1872211 <i>Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1041-1048.</i> Transcription and RNAi in heterochromatic gene silencing Marc Bühler Danesh Moazed doi:10.1038/nsmb1315 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1041-1048. 2007-11-06T06:48:24-00:00 2007 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 1545-9993 14 11 1041 1048 Nature Publishing Group chromatin chromatin-remodeling-modification review http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhlei/article/1872214 <i>Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1008-1016.</i> Covalent modifications of histones during development and disease pathogenesis Sukesh Bhaumik Edwin Smith Ali Shilatifard doi:10.1038/nsmb1337 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 14, No. 11. (05 November 2007), pp. 1008-1016. 2007-11-06T06:48:25-00:00 2007 Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 1545-9993 14 11 1008 1016 Nature Publishing Group chromatin chromatin-remodeling-modification review