Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:04:09 BST CiteULike: Tag tagging http://www.citeulike.org/tag/tagging CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/zzgavin/article/816066 <i>(2006), pp. 31-40.</i><br /><br />In recent years, tagging systems have become increasingly popular. These systems enable users to add keywords (i.e., "tags") to Internet resources (e.g., web pages, images, videos) without relying on a controlled vocabulary. Tagging systems have the potential to improve search, spam detection, reputation systems, and personal organization while introducing new modalities of social communication and opportunities for data mining. This potential is largely due to the social structure that underlies many of the current systems.Despite the rapid expansion of applications that support tagging of resources, tagging systems are still not well studied or understood. In this paper, we provide a short description of the academic related work to date. We offer a model of tagging systems, specifically in the context of web-based systems, to help us illustrate the possible benefits of these tools. Since many such systems already exist, we provide a taxonomy of tagging systems to help inform their analysis and design, and thus enable researchers to frame and compare evidence for the sustainability of such systems. We also provide a simple taxonomy of incentives and contribution models to inform potential evaluative frameworks. While this work does not present comprehensive empirical results, we present a preliminary study of the photo-sharing and tagging system Flickr to demonstrate our model and explore some of the issues in one sample system. This analysis helps us outline and motivate possible future directions of research in tagging systems. HT06, tagging paper, taxonomy, Flickr, academic article, to read Cameron Marlow Mor Naaman Danah Boyd Marc Davis doi:10.1145/1149941.1149949 (2006), pp. 31-40. 2006-08-24T20:16:54-00:00 2006 31 40 ACM Press flickr network social tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/zzb3886/article/2945897 <i>(June 2008), pp. 897-904.</i> A Cascaded Linear Model for Joint Chinese Word Segmentation and Part-of-Speech Tagging Wenbin Jiang Liang Huang Qun Liu Yajuan Lü (June 2008), pp. 897-904. 2008-06-30T21:21:03-00:00 2008 897 904 Association for Computational Linguistics pos segmentation tagging word http://www.citeulike.org/user/zpinhead/article/740681 <i>J. Inf. Sci., Vol. 32, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 198-208.</i><br /><br />Collaborative tagging describes the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords to shared content. Recently, collaborative tagging has grown in popularity on the web, on sites that allow users to tag bookmarks, photographs and other content. In this paper we analyze the structure of collaborative tagging systems as well as their dynamic aspects. Specifically, we discovered regularities in user activity, tag frequencies, kinds of tags used, bursts of popularity in bookmarking and a remarkable stability in the relative proportions of tags within a given URL. We also present a dynamic model of collaborative tagging that predicts these stable patterns and relates them to imitation and shared knowledge. Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems Scott Golder Bernardo Huberman doi:10.1177/0165551506062337 J. Inf. Sci., Vol. 32, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 198-208. 2006-07-05T17:36:01-00:00 2006 J. Inf. Sci. 0165-5515 32 2 198 208 Sage Publications, Inc. classification collaborative social_network tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/zflavio/article/1450033 <i>Natural Language Processing and Information Systems (2006), pp. 58-69.</i><br /><br />Folksonomies are classification schemes that emerge from the collective actions of users who tag resources with an unrestricted set of key terms. There has been a flurry of activity in this domain recently with a number of high profile web sites and search engines adopting the practice. They have sparked a great deal of excitement and debate in the popular and technical literature, accompanied by a number of analyses of the statistical properties of tagging behavior. However, none has addressed the deep nature of folksonomies. What is the nature of a tag? Where does it come from? How is it related to a resource? In this paper we present a study in which the linguistic properties of folksonomies reveal them to contain, on the one hand, tags that are similar to standard categories in taxonomies. But on the other hand, they contain additional tags to describe class properties. The implications of the findings for the relationship between folksonomy and ontology are discussed. The Language of Folksonomies: What Tags Reveal About User Classification Csaba Veres doi:10.1007/11765448_6 Natural Language Processing and Information Systems (2006), pp. 58-69. 2007-07-11T22:54:05-00:00 2006 Natural Language Processing and Information Systems 58 69 classification folksonomy resource tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/zelig/article/305755 <i>(18 Aug 2005)</i><br /><br />Collaborative tagging describes the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords to shared content. Recently, collaborative tagging has grown in popularity on the web, on sites that allow users to tag bookmarks, photographs and other content. In this paper we analyze the structure of collaborative tagging systems as well as their dynamical aspects. Specifically, we discovered regularities in user activity, tag frequencies, kinds of tags used, bursts of popularity in bookmarking and a remarkable stability in the relative proportions of tags within a given url. We also present a dynamical model of collaborative tagging that predicts these stable patterns and relates them to imitation and shared knowledge. The Structure of Collaborative Tagging Systems Scott Golder Bernardo Huberman (18 Aug 2005) 2005-08-27T17:06:09-00:00 2005 classification collaborative folksonomy socialbookmarking tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/yteng2/article/484851 <i>(29 Dec 2005)</i><br /><br />We describe online collaborative communities by tripartite networks, the nodes being persons, items and tags. We introduce projection methods in order to uncover the structures of the networks, i.e. communities of users, genre families... <br />To do so, we focus on the correlations between the nodes, depending on their profiles, and use percolation techniques that consist in removing less correlated links and observing the shaping of disconnected islands. The structuring of the network is visualised by using a tree representation. The notion of diversity in the system is also discussed. Collaborative tagging as a tripartite network R Lambiotte M Ausloos (29 Dec 2005) 2006-01-29T15:41:39-00:00 2005 tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/yousinai/article/822253 <i>(2006), pp. 111-114.</i> Harvesting social knowledge from folksonomies Harris Wu Mohammad Zubair Kurt Maly doi:10.1145/1149941.1149962 (2006), pp. 111-114. 2006-08-30T16:38:31-00:00 2006 111 114 ACM Press 20 folksonomy social tagging web http://www.citeulike.org/user/y3snoozer/article/761569 <i>(2006), pp. 625-632.</i> Improved annotation of the blogosphere via autotagging and hierarchical clustering Christopher Brooks Nancy Montanez doi:10.1145/1135777.1135869 (2006), pp. 625-632. 2006-07-17T02:40:16-00:00 2006 625 632 ACM Press annotation clustering tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/xxc/article/595740 <i>(10 Apr 2006)</i><br /><br />This paper explores the system of categories that is used to classify articles in Wikipedia. It is compared to collaborative tagging systems like del.icio.us and to hierarchical classification like the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Specifics and commonalitiess of these systems of subject indexing are exposed. Analysis of structural and statistical properties (descriptors per record, records per descriptor, descriptor levels) shows that the category system of Wikimedia is a thesaurus that combines collaborative tagging and hierarchical subject indexing in a special way. Collaborative thesaurus tagging the Wikipedia way Jakob Voss (10 Apr 2006) 2006-04-23T01:50:05-00:00 2006 collaborative folksonomy indexing tagging wikipedia http://www.citeulike.org/user/xiuli/article/1343286 <i>(2007), pp. 995-998.</i><br /><br />Tagclouds are visual presentations of a set of words, typically a set of “tags” selected by some rationale, in which attributes of the text such as size, weight, or color are used to represent features, such as frequency, of the associated terms. This note describes two studies to evaluate the effectiveness of differently constructed tagclouds for the various tasks they can be used to support, including searching, browsing, impression formation and recognition. Based on these studies, we propose a paradigm for evaluating tagclouds and ultimately guidelines for tagcloud construction. Getting our head in the clouds: toward evaluation studies of tagclouds AW Rivadeneira Daniel Gruen Michael Muller David Millen doi:10.1145/1240624.1240775 (2007), pp. 995-998. 2007-05-30T14:30:28-00:00 2007 995 998 ACM Press tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/woidda/article/1090703 <i>interactions, Vol. 13, No. 4. (2006), pp. 51-ff.</i> Tagging the world Lars Holmquist doi:10.1145/1142169.1142201 interactions, Vol. 13, No. 4. (2006), pp. 51-ff. 2007-02-06T14:46:26-00:00 2006 interactions 1072-5520 13 4 51 ff ACM Press tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/wnpx/article/2406045 <i>Semantic Multimedia (2006), pp. 56-70.</i><br /><br />As the number of resources on the web exceeds by far the number of documents one can track, it becomes increasingly difficult to remain up to date on ones own areas of interest. The problem becomes more severe with the increasing fraction of multimedia data, from which it is difficult to extract some conceptual description of their contents. One way to overcome this problem are social bookmark tools, which are rapidly emerging on the web. In such systems, users are setting up lightweight conceptual structures called folksonomies, and overcome thus the knowledge acquisition bottleneck. As more and more people participate in the effort, the use of a common vocabulary becomes more and more stable. We present an approach for discovering topic-specific trends within folksonomies. It is based on a differential adaptation of the PageRank algorithm to the triadic hypergraph structure of a folksonomy. The approach allows for any kind of data, as it does not rely on the internal structure of the documents. In particular, this allows to consider different data types in the same analysis step. We run experiments on a large-scale real-world snapshot of a social bookmarking system. Trend Detection in Folksonomies Andreas Hotho Robert Jäschke Christoph Schmitz Gerd Stumme doi:10.1007/11930334_5 Semantic Multimedia (2006), pp. 56-70. 2008-02-21T11:23:27-00:00 2006 Semantic Multimedia 56 70 folksonomy tagging tags trend http://www.citeulike.org/user/wmorris/article/664041 <i>(2006), pp. 36-39.</i> Why do tagging systems work? George Furnas Caterina Fake Luis von Ahn Joshua Schachter Scott Golder Kevin Fox Marc Davis Cameron Marlow Mor Naaman doi:10.1145/1125451.1125462 (2006), pp. 36-39. 2006-05-22T07:30:23-00:00 2006 36 39 ACM Press folksonomies folksonomy tagging tags http://www.citeulike.org/user/witherj/article/695889 <i>(4 May 2006)</i><br /><br />Collaborative tagging has been quickly gaining ground because of its ability to recruit the activity of web users into effectively organizing and sharing vast amounts of information. Here we collect data from a popular system and investigate the statistical properties of tag co-occurrence. We introduce a stochastic model of user behavior embodying two main aspects of collaborative tagging: (i) a frequency-bias mechanism related to the idea that users are exposed to each other's tagging activity; (ii) a notion of memory - or aging of resources - in the form of a heavy-tailed access to the past state of the system. Remarkably, our simple modeling is able to account quantitatively for the observed experimental features, with a surprisingly high accuracy. This points in the direction of a universal behavior of users, who - despite the complexity of their own cognitive processes and the uncoordinated and selfish nature of their tagging activity - appear to follow simple activity patterns. Collaborative Tagging and Semiotic Dynamics Ciro Cattuto Vittorio Loreto Luciano Pietronero (4 May 2006) 2006-06-14T13:55:58-00:00 2006 tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/weimer/article/402249 <i>J. ACM, Vol. 7, No. 3. (July 1960), pp. 216-244.</i> On Relevance, Probabilistic Indexing and Information Retrieval ME Maron JL Kuhns doi:10.1145/321033.321035 J. ACM, Vol. 7, No. 3. (July 1960), pp. 216-244. 2005-11-20T22:55:34-00:00 1960 J. ACM 0004-5411 7 3 216 244 ACM Press tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/weelassie/article/1453145 <i>Journal of Information Science (31 May 2007), 0165551506078083.</i><br /><br />The weighted list, known popularly as a 'tag cloud', has appeared on many popular folksonomy-based web-sites. Flickr, Delicious, Technorati and many others have all featured a tag cloud at some point in their history. However, it is unclear whether the tag cloud is actually useful as an aid to finding information. We conducted an experiment, giving participants the option of using a tag cloud or a traditional search interface to answer various questions. We found that where the information-seeking task required specific information, participants preferred the search interface. Conversely, where the information-seeking task was more general, participants preferred the tag cloud. While the tag cloud is not without value, it is not sufficient as the sole means of navigation for a folksonomy-based dataset. 10.1177/0165551506078083 The folksonomy tag cloud: When is it useful? James Sinclair Michael Cardew-Hall doi:10.1177/0165551506078083 Journal of Information Science (31 May 2007), 0165551506078083. 2007-07-13T00:15:19-00:00 2007 Journal of Information Science 0165551506078083 folksonomy information_architecture tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/weelassie/article/517112 <i>Journal of Documentation, Vol. 58, No. 1. (January 2002), pp. 49-65.</i><br /><br />Abstract: The paper discusses the consistency of fiction indexing of library professionals and patrons based on an empirical test. Indexing was carried out with a Finnish fictional thesaurus and all of the test persons indexed the same five novels. The consistency of indexing was determined to be low; several reasons are postulated. Also an algorithm for typified indexing of fiction is given as well as some suggestions for the development of fiction information retrieval systems and content representation. Consistency of subject indexing of novels by public library professionals and patrons J Saarti Journal of Documentation, Vol. 58, No. 1. (January 2002), pp. 49-65. 2006-02-23T15:32:34-00:00 2002 Journal of Documentation 58 1 49 65 fiction indexing retrieval tagging user http://www.citeulike.org/user/wcrosbie/article/361498 <i>(23 Sep 2005)</i><br /><br />Folksonomy is an emerging technology that works to classify the information over WWW through tagging the bookmarks, photos or other web-based contents. It is understood to be organized by every user while not limited to the authors of the contents and the professional editors. This study surveyed the folksonomy as a complex network. The result indicates that the network, which is composed of the tags from the folksonomy, displays both properties of small world and scale-free. However, the statistics only shows a local and static slice of the vast body of folksonomy which is still evolving. Folksonomy as a Complex Network Kaikai Shen Lide Wu (23 Sep 2005) 2005-10-22T10:31:18-00:00 2005 folksonomies km semantic tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/wcrosbie/article/771870 <i>(2006), pp. 364-364.</i> cloudalicious: folksonomy over time Terrell Russell doi:10.1145/1141753.1141859 (2006), pp. 364-364. 2006-07-25T05:05:25-00:00 2006 364 364 ACM Press cloudalicious folksonomies tag_clouds tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/wcrosbie/article/452911 <i>Queue, Vol. 3, No. 9. (November 2005), pp. 28-35.</i> Social bookmarking in the enterprise David Millen Jonathan Feinberg Bernard Kerr doi:10.1145/1105664.1105676 Queue, Vol. 3, No. 9. (November 2005), pp. 28-35. 2005-12-29T17:03:58-00:00 2005 Queue 1542-7730 3 9 28 35 ACM Press enterprise folksonomies knowledge_sharing smif social_bookmarking tagging web20 http://www.citeulike.org/user/wcrosbie/article/690779 <i>netWorker, Vol. 10, No. 2. (June 2006), pp. 15-17.</i> Web 2.0: is it really different? Win Treese doi:10.1145/1138096.1138106 netWorker, Vol. 10, No. 2. (June 2006), pp. 15-17. 2006-06-09T08:31:16-00:00 2006 netWorker 1091-3556 10 2 15 17 ACM Press 2006 article classification folksonomies folksonomy social-navigation social-networks social-software tagging web web_2 web20 web-design http://www.citeulike.org/user/wcrosbie/article/1003489 <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science : On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: OTM 2006 Workshops (2006), pp. 181-188.</i> Community-Driven Ontology Evolution Based on Folksonomies Domenico Gendarmi Filippo Lanubile doi:10.1007/11915034_41 Lecture Notes in Computer Science : On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: OTM 2006 Workshops (2006), pp. 181-188. 2006-12-20T13:04:15-00:00 2006 Lecture Notes in Computer Science : On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2006: OTM 2006 Workshops 181 188 collaborative_tagging community folksonomies folksonomy knowledge-sharing lncs ontology tagging todo http://www.citeulike.org/user/wcrosbie/article/431 <i></i> Document co-organization in an online knowledge community Harris Wu Michael Gordon Kurt DeMaagd doi:10.1145/985921.986026 2004-11-22T00:17:30-00:00 folksonomies knowledge_community tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/warters/article/837211 <i>Vol. 3257 (2004), pp. 506-508.</i><br /><br />Up to now, there are few detailed proposals for the cooperative (and distributed) construction of ontologies (cf. [2]). The problem of how to establish a consensus and a shared conceptualization, especially when dealing with contradictory knowledge and conflicting interests has hardly been dealt with. We propose and evaluate a threephased knowledge mediation procedure which is especially conceived to integrate different perspectives and information needs into one consensual ontology. Knowledge Mediation: A procedure for the cooperative construction of domain ontologies F Aschoff F Schmalhofer L van Elst Vol. 3257 (2004), pp. 506-508. 2006-09-09T14:28:02-00:00 2004 3257 506 508 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg metadata research tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/warters/article/433709 <i>Library Hi Tech, Vol. 23, No. 4. (January 2005), pp. 469-480.</i> Experiments in academic social book marking with Unalog Chudnov Daniel Barnett Jeffrey Prasad Raman Wilcox Matthew Library Hi Tech, Vol. 23, No. 4. (January 2005), pp. 469-480. 2005-12-11T22:54:10-00:00 2005 Library Hi Tech 0737-8831 23 4 469 480 Emerald Group Publishing Limited folksonomy tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/warters/article/1273258 <i></i><br /><br />System (OATS) which draws on previous work in social navigation support, web annotations systems, collaborative tagging and educational metadata. The OATS system augments the text highlighting metaphor by providing a "collaborative tagging" and annotation interface which enables social navigation support. These tools aim to help learners in learning managements systems to better organize and navigate content. While there are many examples of web annotation systems, none provide a combination ... OATS: The Open Annotation and Tagging System Scott Rosta 2007-05-03T06:52:41-00:00 communitybuilding highered librarianship tagging teaching technology http://www.citeulike.org/user/warters/article/1938132 <i>(27 December 2007)</i> Tagging: People-powered Metadata for the Social Web (Voices That Matter) Gene Smith (27 December 2007) 2007-11-19T13:20:07-00:00 2007 New Riders Press collaboration folksonomy tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/wartaalman/article/1074519 <i>(26 Jan 2007)</i><br /><br />This paper gives an overview of current trends in manual indexing on the Web. Along with a general rise of user generated content there are more and more tagging systems that allow users to annotate digital resources with tags (keywords) and share their annotations with other users. Tagging is frequently seen in contrast to traditional knowledge organization systems or as something completely new. This paper shows that tagging should better be seen as a popular form of manual indexing on the Web. Difference between controlled and free indexing blurs with sufficient feedback mechanisms. A revised typology of tagging systems is presented that includes different user roles and knowledge organization systems with hierarchical relationships and vocabulary control. A detailed bibliography of current research in collaborative tagging is included. Tagging, Folksonomy & Co - Renaissance of Manual Indexing? Jakob Voss (26 Jan 2007) 2007-01-29T14:34:58-00:00 2007 folksonomy indexing tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/vlachmore/article/554025 <i>Bioinformatics, Vol. 22, No. 6. (15 March 2006), pp. 651-657.</i> Automatic term list generation for entity tagging Ted Sandler Andrew Schein Lyle Ungar doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti733 Bioinformatics, Vol. 22, No. 6. (15 March 2006), pp. 651-657. 2006-03-16T11:16:15-00:00 2006 Bioinformatics 1367-4803 22 6 651 657 Oxford University Press bionlp clustering crf distributional entity generation tagging term http://www.citeulike.org/user/vanesam/article/2142237 <i>(2007), pp. 153-154.</i><br /><br />We propose a new approach to integrate the navigation interface of a folksonomy adding explicit semantics provided by an ontology. We describe a tool that uses WordNet to build a semantic hierarchy of related tags that helps users find related resources in del.icio.us. In this way it is possible to combine the advantages of the traditional approach to classification with the ones of the collaborative paradigm that is emerging on the Web, dealing with some of the main limitations to which folksonomies are prone. A semantic tool to support navigation in a folksonomy David Laniado Davide Eynard Marco Colombetti doi:10.1145/1286240.1286282 (2007), pp. 153-154. 2007-12-18T19:23:12-00:00 2007 153 154 ACM folksonomy ontology research-paper social-tagging tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/vanesam/article/1880122 <i>(2007), pp. 189-195.</i> Qtag: tagging as a means of rating, opinion-expressing, sharing and visualizing Sung Lee Dong Son Steve Han doi:10.1145/1297144.1297184 (2007), pp. 189-195. 2007-11-07T17:41:12-00:00 2007 189 195 ACM qtag research-paper social-network social-tagging tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/vanesam/article/1279898 <i>(2007), pp. 971-980.</i> Why we tag: motivations for annotation in mobile and online media Morgan Ames Mor Naaman doi:10.1145/1240624.1240772 (2007), pp. 971-980. 2007-05-05T19:33:04-00:00 2007 971 980 ACM Press research research-paper social-networking social-tagging tagging tagging-motivation http://www.citeulike.org/user/vanderwal/article/600598 <i>(10 Apr 2006)</i><br /><br />This paper explores the system of categories that is used to classify articles in Wikipedia. It is compared to collaborative tagging systems like del.icio.us and to hierarchical classification like the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Specifics and commonalitiess of these systems of subject indexing are exposed. Analysis of structural and statistical properties (descriptors per record, records per descriptor, descriptor levels) shows that the category system of Wikimedia is a thesaurus that combines collaborative tagging and hierarchical subject indexing in a special way. Collaborative thesaurus tagging the Wikipedia way Jakob Voss (10 Apr 2006) 2006-04-25T18:57:35-00:00 2006 analysis folksonomy research tag tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/upiguna/article/965334 <i>Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 2006, CSCW '06. 20th anniversary Conference on (2006), pp. 181-190.</i><br /><br />A tagging community's vocabulary of tags forms the basis for social navigation and shared expression.We present a user-centric model of vocabulary evolution in tagging communities based on community influence and personal tendency. We evaluate our model in an emergent tagging system by introducing tagging features into the MovieLens recommender system.We explore four tag selection algorithms for displaying tags applied by other community members. We analyze the algorithms 'effect on vocabulary evolution, tag utility, tag adoption, and user satisfaction. Tagging, communities, vocabulary, evolution Shilad Sen Shyong Lam Al Rashid Dan Cosley Dan Frankowski Jeremy Osterhouse Maxwell Harper John Riedl doi:10.1145/1180875.1180904 Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 2006, CSCW '06. 20th anniversary Conference on (2006), pp. 181-190. 2006-11-28T14:55:38-00:00 2006 Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 2006, CSCW '06. 20th anniversary Conference on 181 190 ACM Press movielens sen tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/ungethym/article/620778 <i>The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, No. 3. (1988), pp. 502-534.</i><br /><br />Most analyses of collective action agree that overcoming the freerider problem requires organizing potential contributors, thus making their decisions interdependent. The potential for organizing depends on the social ties in the group, particularly on the overall density or frequency of ties, on the extent to which they are centralized in a few individuals, and on the costs of communicating and coordinating actions through these ties. Mathematical analysis and computer simulations extend a formal microsocial theory of interdependent collective action to treat social networks and organization costs. As expected, the overall density of social ties in a group improves its prospects for collective action. More significant, because less expected, are the findings that show that the centralization of network ties always has a positive effect on collective action and that the negative effect of costs on collective action declines as the group's resource or interest heterogeneity increases. These nonobvious results are due to the powerful effects of selectivity, the organizer's ability to concentrate organizing efforts on those individuals whose potential contributions are the largest. Social Networks and Collective Action: A Theory of the Critical Mass. III Gerald Marwell Pamela Oliver Ralph Prahl The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 94, No. 3. (1988), pp. 502-534. 2006-05-09T23:38:57-00:00 1988 The American Journal of Sociology 94 3 502 534 collaboration collective critical intelligence mass social tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/ungethym/article/688160 <i>(2006), pp. 193-202.</i> Visualizing tags over time Micah Dubinko Ravi Kumar Joseph Magnani Jasmine Novak Prabhakar Raghavan Andrew Tomkins doi:10.1145/1135777.1135810 (2006), pp. 193-202. 2006-06-07T10:19:39-00:00 2006 193 202 ACM Press social tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/ungethym/article/613999 <i>(4 May 2006)</i><br /><br />Collaborative tagging has been quickly gaining ground because of its ability to recruit the activity of web users into effectively organizing and sharing vast amounts of information. Here we collect data from a popular system and investigate the statistical properties of tag co-occurrence. We introduce a stochastic model of user behavior embodying two main aspects of collaborative tagging: (i) a frequency-bias mechanism related to the idea that users are exposed to each other's tagging activity; (ii) a notion of memory - or aging of resources - in the form of a heavy-tailed access to the past state of the system. Remarkably, our simple modeling is able to account quantitatively for the observed experimental features, with a surprisingly high accuracy. This points in the direction of a universal behavior of users, who - despite the complexity of their own cognitive processes and the uncoordinated and selfish nature of their tagging activity - appear to follow simple activity patterns. Collaborative Tagging and Semiotic Dynamics Ciro Cattuto Vittorio Loreto Luciano Pietronero (4 May 2006) 2006-05-05T05:06:02-00:00 2006 collaboration tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/ungethym/article/1130952 <i>(2006), pp. 1010-1011.</i> Learning by tagging: group knowledge formation in a self-organizing learning community Jude Yew Faison Gibson Stephanie Teasley doi:10.1145/302979.302997 (2006), pp. 1010-1011. 2007-02-28T18:07:01-00:00 2006 1010 1011 International Society of the Learning Sciences community learning self-organizing tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/umoree00/article/576083 <i>Communications of the ACM, Vol. 30, No. 11. (1987), pp. 964-971.</i><br /><br />this document? We will argue later (section 3.5) that this approach is basically misleading, but we will explore it first. Throughout we take an empirical approach, collecting large amounts of data on actual human language usage, then modeling and evaluating different system strategies. A more detailed exposition of the data collection and analysis methods can be found in The Vocabulary Problem in Human-System Communication George Furnas Thomas Landauer Louis Gomez Susan Dumais Communications of the ACM, Vol. 30, No. 11. (1987), pp. 964-971. 2006-04-04T18:12:16-00:00 1987 Communications of the ACM 30 11 964 971 annotation classification colaboration communication emergent_semantics folksonomy information_retrieval interface is260 naming no-tag retrieval social_software tagging tags vocabulary vocabularyproblem http://www.citeulike.org/user/uhland/article/1299464 <i>(7 May 2007)</i><br /><br />Tag clouds provide an aggregate of tag-usage statistics. They are typically sent as in-line HTML to browsers. However, display mechanisms suited for ordinary text are not ideal for tags, because font sizes may vary widely on a line. As well, the typical layout does not account for relationships that may be known between tags. This paper presents models and algorithms to improve the display of tag clouds that con- sist of in-line HTML, as well as algorithms that use nested tables to achieve a more general 2-dimensional layout in which tag relationships are considered. The first algorithms leverage prior work in typesetting and rectangle packing, whereas the second group of algorithms leverage prior work in Electronic Design Automation. Experiments show our algorithms can be efficiently implemented and perform well. Tag-Cloud Drawing: Algorithms for Cloud Visualization Owen Kaser Daniel Lemire (7 May 2007) 2007-05-16T06:04:13-00:00 2007 tagcloud tagging tags http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/162144 <i>(2004), pp. 349-357.</i><br /><br />Today people typically read and annotate printed documents even if they are obtained from electronic sources like digital libraries If there is a reason for them to share these personal annotations online, they must re-enter them. Given the advent of better computer support for reading and annotation, including tablet interfaces, will people ever share their personal digital ink annotations as is, or will they make substantial changes to them? What can we do to anticipate and support the transition from personal to public annotations? To investigate these questions, we performed a study to characterize and compare students' personal annotations as they read assigned papers with those they shared with each other using an online system. By analyzing over 1, 700 annotations, we confirmed three hypotheses: (1) only a small fraction of annotations made while reading are directly related to those shared in discussion; (2) some types of annotations - those that consist of anchors in the text coupled with margin notes - are more apt to be the basis of public commentary than other types of annotations; and (3) personal annotations undergo dramatic changes when they are shared in discussion, both in content and in how they are anchored to the source document. We then use these findings to explore ways to support the transition from personal to public annotations. Exploring the relationship between personal and public annotations Catherine Marshall Bernheim Brush doi:10.1145/996350.996432 (2004), pp. 349-357. 2005-04-15T19:36:58-00:00 2004 349 357 ACM Press tagging toprint http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/409021 <i>(2005), pp. 17-19.</i> NusEye: designing for social navigation in syndicated content Azzari Jarrett Brian Dennis doi:10.1145/1095242.1095250 (2005), pp. 17-19. 2005-11-25T23:50:10-00:00 2005 17 19 ACM Press leei prototype socialnavigation tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/566157 <i>Spectrum, IEEE, Vol. 43, No. 2. (2006), pp. 80-80.</i> Technically Speaking: Folk Wisdom P Mcfedries Spectrum, IEEE, Vol. 43, No. 2. (2006), pp. 80-80. 2006-03-27T21:24:43-00:00 2006 Spectrum, IEEE 43 2 80 80 flickr folksonomy tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/515415 <i>(14 March 2002)</i><br /><br />David Weinberger's <I>Small Pieces Loosely Joined</I> does not merely celebrate the World Wide Web; it attempts to make a case that the institution has completely remodeled many of the world's self-perceptions. The book does so entertainingly, if not convincingly, and is a lively collection of epigrammatic phrases (the Web is "'place-ial' but not spatial"; "on the Web everyone will be famous to 15 people"), as well as illustrations of these changes. There are intriguing assertions: that the Web is "broken on purpose" and that its many pockets of erroneous information and its available forums for disputing, say, manufacturers' hyperbole, let people feel more comfortable with their own inherent imperfections. At other times the book seems stale: it declares that the Web has disrupted long-held axioms about time, space, and knowledge retrieval and that it has dramatically rearranged notions of community and individuality. Weinberger's analysis, though occasionally facile and too relentlessly optimistic and overstated, is surely destined to be the subject of furious debate in chat rooms the cyber-world over. <I>--H. O'Billovich</I> ...an ambitious look at how the web is transforming the concepts on which our society is built...Weinberger shows that the new medium of the web is not only altering social institutions such as business and govn't but reality itself Small Pieces Loosely Joined: A Unified Theory of the Web David Weinberger (14 March 2002) 2006-02-22T08:08:18-00:00 2002 Perseus Books Group socialnetworks tagging web http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/346599 <i>netWorker, Vol. 9, No. 3. (September 2005), pp. 16-23.</i> The power of collective intelligence Aaron Weiss doi:10.1145/1086762.1086763 netWorker, Vol. 9, No. 3. (September 2005), pp. 16-23. 2005-10-10T03:30:29-00:00 2005 netWorker 1091-3556 9 3 16 23 ACM Press collectiveintelligence folksonomy tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/359059 <i>(16 August 2005)</i><br /><br />In this fascinating book, <i>New Yorker </i>business columnist James Surowiecki explores a deceptively simple idea: Large groups of people are <i>smarter</i> than an elite few, no matter how brilliant–better at solving problems, fostering innovation, coming to wise decisions, even predicting the future. <br><br>With boundless erudition and in delightfully clear prose, Surowiecki ranges across fields as diverse as popular culture, psychology, ant biology, behavioral economics, artificial intelligence, military history, and politics to show how this simple idea offers important lessons for how we live our lives, select our leaders, run our companies, and think about our world. The Wisdom of Crowds James Surowiecki (16 August 2005) 2005-10-21T05:49:06-00:00 2005 Anchor collectiveintelligence folksonomy tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/578060 <i>interactions, Vol. 13, No. 2. (2006), pp. 42-43.</i> Visualizing the future of information visualization Aaron Marcus doi:10.1145/1116715.1116747 interactions, Vol. 13, No. 2. (2006), pp. 42-43. 2006-04-06T05:17:21-00:00 2006 interactions 1072-5520 13 2 42 43 ACM Press future infoviz tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/233529 <i>(2004), pp. 56-65.</i><br /><br />One of the greatest challenges in enterprises today is the lack of dynamic and ongoing information about individuals’ activities, interests, and expertise. Availability of such “personal chronicles” can provide rich benefits at both an individual and enterprise level. For example, personal chronicles can help individuals to far more effectively retrieve and review their activities and interactions, while at an enterprise level they can be data-mined to identify groups of common and complementary interests and skills, or to identify implicit work processes that are commonplace in every enterprise. Today’s existing tools are very limited in their support for dynamic capture of ongoing activities, in the organization and presentation of captured information, and in supporting rich annotation, search, retrieval, and publication of this information. In this paper, we propose a set of Personal Chronicling Tools (PCT) to support enterprise knowledge workers in digital event archiving and collaboration-oriented publishing. PCT is composed of four primary tools with the following capabilities: (1) event monitoring, (2) interactive annotation, (3) browse/search, and (4) edit/publish. All are designed to exploit existing enterprise infrastructure, storing captured raw data and metadata in secure databases. The first tool is a group of event monitors. These run on user client devices and capture user events such as emails, web pages browsed, instant messaging sessions, and documents edited. Monitors for new event classes are easily added as plug-ins through an XML interface. The second tool, the event annotator, enables context-sensitive user tagging and book marking of interesting moments. The third is an event browser which extends corporate email tools, providing semantic search (by embedding WordNet as a common dictionary) and the ability to follow threads of many kinds. Finally, a publishing tool facilitates the publication of relevant events with a fraction of the effort required to maintain a manual chronicle such as a weblog. This paper presents the overall system architecture, and a prototype implementation. Personal chronicling tools for enhancing information archival and collaboration in enterprises Pilho Kim Mark Podlaseck Gopal Pingali doi:10.1145/1026653.1026662 (2004), pp. 56-65. 2005-06-21T11:17:01-00:00 2004 56 65 ACM Press collaboration knowledgemanagement metadata pim tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/298775 <i>(2005), pp. 1505-1508.</i> Don't take my folders away!: organizing personal information to get ghings done William Jones Ammy Phuwanartnurak Rajdeep Gill Harry Bruce doi:10.1145/1056808.1056952 (2005), pp. 1505-1508. 2005-08-19T19:33:17-00:00 2005 1505 1508 ACM Press classification ethnography information km pim pis tagging http://www.citeulike.org/user/tyfn/article/368051 <i>(26 September 2005)</i><br /><br />How do you find your way in an age of information overload? How can you filter streams of complex information to pull out only what you want? Why does it matter how information is structured when Google seems to magically bring up the right answer to your questions? What does it mean to be "findable" in this day and age? This eye-opening new book examines the convergence of information and connectivity. Written by Peter Morville, author of the groundbreaking <i>Information Architecture for the World Wide Web</i>, the book defines our current age as a state of unlimited findability. In other words, anyone can find anything at any time. Complete navigability. <p> Morville discusses the Internet, GIS, and other network technologies that are coming together to make unlimited findability possible. He explores how the melding of these innovations impacts society, since Web access is now a standard requirement for successful people and businesses. But before he does that, Morville looks back at the history of wayfinding and human evolution, suggesting that our fear of being lost has driven us to create maps, charts, and now, the mobile Internet.</p> <p> The book's central thesis is that information literacy, information architecture, and usability are all critical components of this new world order. Hand in hand with that is the contention that only by planning and designing the best possible software, devices, and Internet, will we be able to maintain this connectivity in the future. Morville's book is highlighted with full color illustrations and rich examples that bring his prose to life.</p> <p> <i>Ambient Findability</i> doesn't preach or pretend to know all the answers. Instead, it presents research, stories, and examples in support of its novel ideas. Are we truly at a critical point in our evolution where the quality of our digital networks will dictate how we behave as a species? Is findability indeed the primary key to a successful global marketplace in the 21st century and beyond. Peter Morville takes you on a thought-provoking tour of these memes and more -- ideas that will not only fascinate but will stir your creativity in practical ways that you can apply to your work immediately.</p> <p> <i>"A lively, enjoyable and informative tour of a topic that's only going to become more important."</i><br> --David Weinberger, Author, <i>Small Pieces Loosely Joined</i> and <i>The Cluetrain Manifesto</i></br></p> <p> <i>"I envy the young scholar who finds this inventive book, by whatever strange means are necessary. The future isn't just unwritten--it's unsearched."</i><br> --Bruce Sterling, Writer, Futurist, and Co-Founder, The Electronic Frontier Foundation</br></p> <p> <i>"Search engine marketing is the hottest thing in Internet business, and deservedly so. Ambient Findability puts SEM into a broader context and provides deeper insights into human behavior. This book will help you grow your online business in a world where being found is not at all certain."</i><br> --Jakob Nielsen, Ph.D., Author, <i>Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity</i></br></p> <p> <i>"Information that's hard to find will remain information that's hardly found--from one of the fathers of the discipline of information architecture, and one of its most experienced practitioners, come penetrating observations on why findability is elusive and how the act of seeking changes us."</i><br> --Steve Papa, Founder and Chairman, Endeca</br></p> <p> <i>"Whether it's a fact or a figure, a person or a place, Peter Morville knows how to make it findable. Morville explores the possibilities of a world where everything can always be found--and the challenges in getting there--in this wide-ranging, thought-provoking book."</i><br> --Jesse James Garrett, Author, <i>The Elements of User Experience</i></br></p> <p> <i>"It is easy to assume that current searching of the World Wide Web is the last word in finding and using information. Peter Morville shows us that search engines are just the beginning. Skillfully weaving together information science research with his own extensive experience, he develops for the reader a feeling for the near future when information is truly findable all around us. There are immense implications, and Morville's lively and humorous writing brings them home."</i><br> --Marcia J. Bates, Ph.D., University of California Los Angeles</br></p> <p> <i>"I've always known that Peter Morville was smart. After reading Ambient Findability, I now know he's (as we say in Boston) wicked smart. This is a timely book that will have lasting effects on how we create our future.</i><br> --Jared Spool, Founding Principal, User Interface Engineering</br></p> <p> <i>"In Ambient Findability, Peter Morville has put his mind and keyboard on the pulse of the electronic noosphere. With tangible examples and lively writing, he lays out the challenges and wonders of finding our way in cyberspace, and explains the mutually dependent evolution of our changing world and selves. This is a must read for everyone and a practical guide for designers."</i><br> --Gary Marchionini, Ph.D., University of North Carolina</br></p> <p> <i>"Find this book! Anyone interested in making information easier to find, or understanding how finding and being found is changing, will find this thoroughly researched, engagingly written, literate, insightful and very, very cool book well worth their time. Myriad examples from rich and varied domains and a valuable idea on nearly every page. Fun to read, too!</i><br> --Joseph Janes, Ph.D., Founder, Internet Public Library</br></p> Ambient Findability Peter Morville (26 September 2005) 2005-10-27T18:31:13-00:00 2005 O'Reilly Media, Inc. classification leei tagging web