Sat, 26 Jul 2008 04:37:32 BST CiteULike: Tag time http://www.citeulike.org/tag/time CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/zhengzhong/article/2291993 <i>Machine Learning, Vol. 44, No. 1/2. (July/August 2001), pp. 161-183.</i><br /><br />Financial forecasting is an example of a signal processing problem which is challenging due to small sample sizes, high noise, non-stationarity, and non-linearity. Neural networks have been very successful in a number of signal processing applications. We discuss fundamental limitations and inherent difficulties when using neural networks for the processing of high noise, small sample size signals. We introduce a new intelligent signal processing method which addresses the difficulties. The... Noisy Time Series Prediction Using a Recurrent Neural Network and Grammatical Inference Lee Giles Steve Lawrence Ah Tsoi Machine Learning, Vol. 44, No. 1/2. (July/August 2001), pp. 161-183. 2008-01-26T07:04:43-00:00 2001 Machine Learning 44 1/2 161 183 ann prediction series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/yzeng/article/698508 <i>SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., Vol. 33, No. 1. (January 2003), pp. 149-154.</i> Wireless sensor networks: a new regime for time synchronization Jeremy Elson Kay R&\#246;mer doi:10.1145/774763.774787 SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., Vol. 33, No. 1. (January 2003), pp. 149-154. 2006-06-16T15:51:06-00:00 2003 SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 0146-4833 33 1 149 154 ACM Press synchronization time http://www.citeulike.org/user/YoshiY/article/160078 <i>The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 85, No. 3. (1977), pp. 473-492.</i><br /><br />Even if there is an agreed-upon, fixed social objective function and policymakers know the timing and magnitude of the effects of their actions, discretionary policy, namely, the selection of that decision which is best, given the current situation and a correct evaluation of the end-of-period position, does not result in the social objective function being maximized. The reason for this apparent paradox is that economic planning is not a game against nature but, rather, a game against rational economic agents. We conclude that there is no way control theory can be made applicable to economic planning when expectations are rational. Rules Rather than Discretion: The Inconsistency of Optimal Plans Finn Kydland Edward Prescott doi:10.2307/1830193 The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 85, No. 3. (1977), pp. 473-492. 2005-04-13T23:01:55-00:00 1977 The Journal of Political Economy 85 3 473 492 consistency political_economy time http://www.citeulike.org/user/YoshiY/article/2946843 <i>The American Economic Review, Vol. 90, No. 3. (2000), pp. 649-666.</i> Political Influence and the Dynamic Consistency of Policy Michelle Garfinkel Jaewoo Lee doi:10.2307/117348 The American Economic Review, Vol. 90, No. 3. (2000), pp. 649-666. 2008-07-01T07:31:34-00:00 2000 The American Economic Review 90 3 649 666 American Economic Association consistency political_economy time http://www.citeulike.org/user/yish/article/386852 <i>(2001), pp. 377-378.</i><br /><br />Animated graphics have been increasingly adopted to teach complex systems, encouraged by the preconception that realism is effective. Nevertheless, the evidence has been discouraging as to their effectiveness. By the Conceptual Congruence Hypothesis, graphics should be effective in conveying concepts that are literally or metaphorically spatial. By extension, animated graphics should be effective in conveying change in time. This hypothesis was investigated by comparing three interfaces that presented text, text plus static graphics, or text plus animated graphics. Evidence was obtained for the static version of the Conceptual Congruence Hypothesis. Graphics were more effective than text in some cases, especially for participants with low spatial ability, but animation did not further increase effectiveness. The (in)effectiveness of animation in instruction Julie Morrison Barbara Tversky doi:10.1145/634067.634290 (2001), pp. 377-378. 2005-11-10T10:10:47-00:00 2001 377 378 ACM Press animation complex conceptual congruence hci hypothesis instruction learning narrative systems time http://www.citeulike.org/user/yish/article/394276 <i>(15 September 1990)</i><br /><br /><div><div><i>Time and Narrative</i> builds on Paul Ricoeur's earlier analysis, in <i>The Rule of Metaphor</i>, of semantic innovation at the level of the sentence. Ricoeur here examines the creation of meaning at the textual level, with narrative rather than metaphor as the ruling concern. <br><br>Ricoeur finds a "healthy circle" between time and narrative: time is humanized to the extent that it portrays temporal experience. Ricoeur proposes a theoretical model of this circle using Augustine's theory of time and Aristotle's theory of plot and, further, develops an original thesis of the mimetic function of narrative. He concludes with a comprehensive survey and critique of modern discussions of historical knowledge, understanding, and writing from Aron and Mandelbaum in the late 1930s to the work of the Annales school and that of Anglophone philosophers of history of the 1960s and 1970s. <br><br>"This work, in my view, puts the whole problem of narrative, not to mention philosophy of history, on a new and higher plane of discussion."--Hayden White, <i>History and Theory </i><br><br>"Superb. . . . A fine point of entrance into the work of one of the eminent thinkers of the present intellectual age."--Joseph R. Gusfield, <i>Contemporary Sociology <br><br></i></div></div> Time and Narrative, Volume 1 (Time & Narrative) Paul Ricoeur (15 September 1990) 2005-11-15T18:17:30-00:00 1990 University Of Chicago Press narrative philosophy theory time http://www.citeulike.org/user/yildizca/article/568039 <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2161 (2001), pp. 230-??.</i><br /><br />We present a simple shortest path algorithm. If the input lengths are positive and uniformly distributed, the algorithm runs in linear time. The worst-case running time of the algorithm is O(m + n log C), where n and m are the number of vertices and arcs of the input graph, respectively, and C is the ratio of the largest and the smallest nonzero arc length. A Simple Shortest Path Algorithm with Linear Average Time Andrew Goldberg Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 2161 (2001), pp. 230-??. 2006-03-29T15:09:42-00:00 2001 Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2161 230 ?? average goldberg linear sp time http://www.citeulike.org/user/yichun/article/2463573 <i>Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 2, No. 1. (2006), pp. 12-24.</i><br /><br />When sensory and actuation devices in a control system are exchanging data through one common communication medium, the sharing of communication bandwidth will induce unavoidable data latency and might degrade the control performance. Hence, the utilization of communication resource and the requirement of control specification should be analyzed and properly designed when implementing a control system over a network architecture. In this paper, we analyze the performance of information sharing of multiple cooperative agents over one communication network, and propose design methodologies of guaranteeing acceptable control and communication performance in a networked control system. In particular, we study the relationship between the sampling rates of a control system,and the transmission rates of a communication network, and then utilize an integrated networked control design chart to help select design parameters and visualize overall system performance at different sampling and transmission rates. Based on the design parameters selected, the communication modules by utilizing deadband control and state estimation are presented for guaranteeing both control and communication performance. Simulation studies are conducted in a network-and-control simulation tool that is developed on the Matlab/Simulink platform and is used to demonstrate the proposed design methodologies. Both the analysis and simulation results illustrate the characteristics of designing mechanisms between control and communication performance and show the improvement of implementing the proposed communication modules. Network architecture and communication modules for guaranteeing acceptable control and communication performance for networked multi-agent systems Feng-Li Lian JK Yook DM Tilbury J Moyne doi:10.1109/TII.2005.857611 Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 2, No. 1. (2006), pp. 12-24. 2008-03-04T08:35:07-00:00 2006 Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on 2 1 12 24 control networked sampling time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xrysa/article/2630370 <i>Brain Research, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />Precise timing is crucial for accurate perception and action in the range of hundreds of milliseconds. One still unresolved question concerns the influence of sensory information content on timing mechanisms. Numerous studies have converged to suggest that the CNV (Contingent Negative Variation), a slow negative wave that develops between two events, notably reflects temporal processing of the interval between these two events. The present study aimed at investigating CNV activity in duration discrimination tasks using either filled (continuous tones) or empty intervals (silent periods bounded by two brief tones). Participants had to compare a test duration with a 600-ms standard. Time perception was markedly better in the `empty' than in the `filled' condition. Electrophysiological analyses performed on the longest test duration (794 ms) of the comparison phase revealed an effect of the sensory structure on both the CNV amplitude and CNV time-course. The CNV amplitude was larger for filled than for empty intervals, suggesting a superimposition of timing-dependent activity and sensory sustained activity. Furthermore, the CNV time-course paralleled the temporal structure of the memorized sensory event: for filled intervals, the CNV amplitude stopped increasing at 600 ms, i.e. the expected end of the continuous tone; for empty intervals, in contrast, the CNV amplitude precisely increased at 600 ms, i.e. the expected onset of the second brief tone. These results suggest that the CNV reflects the mental rehearsal of the memorized sensory event, in line with the idea that temporal processing in the sub-second range is based on sensory information. Brain activity during interval timing depends on sensory structure Micha Pfeuty Richard Ragot Viviane Pouthas doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.01.022 Brain Research, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2008-04-04T18:51:42-00:00 Brain Research In Press, Corrected Proof empty filled info intervals sensory sounds subsecond time vs http://www.citeulike.org/user/xrysa/article/2359980 <i>Cortex, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />A possible dissociation of duration and numerosity processing was tested in an off-line repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) design. Participants had to compare the numerosity of flashed dot sequences or the duration of single dot displays before and after 15 min of 1 Hz rTMS over one of three sites (the left or right intraparietal sulcus (IPS), or the vertex chosen as a control site). Compared to the control site, performance was only slowed down for the numerosity comparison task after the left IPS stimulation, whereas it was not affected for the duration comparison task for any of the parietal sites. These results show that the parietal area critically involved in numerosity processing is not involved in duration processing, revealing at least one cerebral site where duration and numerosity comparison processes dissociate. Dissociation of numerosity and duration processing in the left intraparietal sulcus: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study Valerie Dormal Michael Andres Mauro Pesenti doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2007.08.011 Cortex, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2008-02-10T17:25:45-00:00 Cortex In Press, Corrected Proof dissociation numerosity time tms http://www.citeulike.org/user/xrysa/article/2359969 <i>J. Cogn. Neurosci., Vol. 20, No. 2. (1 February 2008), pp. 204-214.</i><br /><br />In everyday life, temporal information is used for both perception and action, but whether these two functions reflect the operation of similar or different neural circuits is unclear. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural correlates of processing temporal information when either a motor or a perceptual representation is used. Participants viewed two identical sequences of visual stimuli and used the information differently to perform either a temporal reproduction or a temporal estimation task. By comparing brain activity evoked by these tasks and control conditions, we explored commonalities and differences in brain areas involved in reproduction and estimation of temporal intervals. The basal ganglia and the cerebellum were commonly active in both temporal tasks, consistent with suggestions that perception and production of time are subserved by the same mechanisms. However, only in the reproduction task was activity observed in a wider cortical network including the right pre-SMA, left middle frontal gyrus, left premotor cortex, with a more reliable activity in the right inferior parietal cortex, left fusiform gyrus, and the right extrastriate visual area V5/MT. Our findings point to a role for the parietal cortex as an interface between sensory and motor processes and suggest that it may be a key node in translation of temporal information into action. Furthermore, we discuss the potential importance of the extrastriate cortex in processing visual time in the context of recent findings. Different Brain Circuits Underlie Motor and Perceptual Representations of Temporal Intervals Domenica Bueti Vincent Walsh Chris Frith Geraint Rees J. Cogn. Neurosci., Vol. 20, No. 2. (1 February 2008), pp. 204-214. 2008-02-10T17:15:04-00:00 2008 J. Cogn. Neurosci. 20 2 204 214 action and fmri perception task time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xrysa/article/2681212 <i>Journal of Research in Personality, Vol. 36, No. 5. (October 2002), pp. 507-530.</i> On the relationship between general fluid intelligence and psychophysical indicators of temporal resolution in the brain Thomas Rammsayer Susanne Brandler doi:10.1016/S0092-6566(02)00006-5 Journal of Research in Personality, Vol. 36, No. 5. (October 2002), pp. 507-530. 2008-04-17T09:20:59-00:00 2002 Journal of Research in Personality 36 5 507 530 discrimination duration g intelligence time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xrysa/article/2692747 <i>Behavioural Processes, Vol. 45, No. 1-3. (1 April 1999), pp. 3-21.</i><br /><br />The article discusses three areas that appear neglected or underdeveloped in current treatments of scalar timing theory (SET). In particular, questions about where variance in the SET system comes from, and how memory and decision processes operate within SET are discussed. The article suggests a number of possible experiments with humans, some based on pilot work which is described, that may clarify all three areas to some degree. Methods derived from conventional studies of memory are suggested as providing techniques for investigating the operation of memory and decision processes within the SET model, both areas previously considered somewhat inaccessible. In general, the tripartite division of SET into clock, memory, and decision processes is advocated as a useful general framework for studying timing, including questions related to its neurobiological basis, whether or not data always conform to SET predictions, although more needs to be known about how all three parts of the SET system operate. "Beyond the fields we know...": exploring and developing scalar timing theory JH Wearden doi:10.1016/S0376-6357(99)00006-6 Behavioural Processes, Vol. 45, No. 1-3. (1 April 1999), pp. 3-21. 2008-04-20T11:21:36-00:00 1999 Behavioural Processes 45 1-3 3 21 and decision memory processes set time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xrysa/article/2633386 <i>J. Cogn. Neurosci., Vol. 19, No. 1. (1 January 2007), pp. 147-157.</i><br /><br />In three experiments, we investigated the role of the cerebellum in sub- and suprasecond time perception by using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). In Experiment 1, subjects underwent four 8-min 1-Hz rTMS sessions in a within-subject design. rTMS sites were the medial cerebellum (real and sham rTMS), left lateral cerebellum, and right lateral cerebellum. Following each rTMS session, subjects completed a subsecond temporal bisection task (stimuli in the range 400-800 msec). Compared with sham rTMS, rTMS applied over the right lateral or medial cerebellum induced a leftward shift of the psychophysical function (perceived lengthening of time). In Experiment 2, a separate sample of subjects underwent the identical rTMS procedure and completed a suprasecond bisection task (stimuli in the 1000-2000 msec range). In this experiment, rTMS to the cerebellar sites did not produce any significant changes compared with sham rTMS. Experiment 3 employed a within-subject design to replicate findings from Experiments 1 and 2. Subjects underwent four rTMS conditions (sub- and suprabisection tasks following medial cerebellar and sham rTMS). rTMS induced a significant leftward shift of psychophysical function in the subsecond bisection, but not in the suprasecond bisection. In this study, we have demonstrated that transient cerebellar stimulation can differently affect the ability to estimate time intervals below and above a duration of 1 sec. The results of this study provide direct evidence for the role of the cerebellum in processing subsecond time intervals. This study further suggests that the perception of sub- and suprasecond intervals is likely to depend upon distinct neural systems. The Role of the Cerebellum in Subsecond Time Perception: Evidence from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Kwang-Hyuk Lee Paul Egleston Wendy Brown Abigail Gregory Anthony Barker Peter Woodruff J. Cogn. Neurosci., Vol. 19, No. 1. (1 January 2007), pp. 147-157. 2008-04-05T17:25:04-00:00 2007 J. Cogn. Neurosci. 19 1 147 157 bisection perception range rtms subsecond temporal time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/392014 <i>Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), Vol. 69, No. 5. (2004)</i><br /><br />Adaptive time-frequency approximations of signals have proven to be a valuable tool in electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis and research, where it is believed that oscillatory phenomena play a crucial role in the brain's information processing. This paper extends this paradigm to the nonoscillating structures such as the epileptic EEG spikes, and presents the advantages of their parametrization in general terms such as amplitude and half-width. A simple detector of epileptic spikes in the space of these parameters, tested on a limited data set, gives very promising results. It also provides a direct distinction between randomly occurring spikes or spike/wave complexes and rhythmic discharges. Adaptive time-frequency parametrization of epileptic spikes Piotr Durka doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.69.051914 Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), Vol. 69, No. 5. (2004) 2005-11-13T19:44:12-00:00 2004 Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics) 69 5 APS frequency time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/332134 <i>Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), Vol. 66, No. 3. (2002)</i><br /><br />Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (1 Hz – 20 GHz) has been performed on supercooled glass-formers from the temperature of glass transition (Tg) up to that of melting. Precise measurements particularly in the frequencies of MHz order have revealed that the temperature dependences of secondary relaxation times in well above Tg deviate from the Arrhenius relation below Tg: the process does not merge with the process around the dynamical crossover temperature in contradiction to previously speculated extrapolations. Merging of alpha and slow beta relaxation in supercooled liquids Takuya Fujima Hiroshi Frusawa Kohzo Ito doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.66.031503 Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics), Vol. 66, No. 3. (2002) 2005-09-25T09:54:46-00:00 2002 Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics) 66 3 APS delay time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/392001 <i>Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 320 (15 March 2003), pp. 601-610.</i><br /><br />We study phase synchronization between atmospheric variables such as daily mean temperature and daily precipitation records. We find significant phase synchronization between records of Oxford and Vienna as well as between the records of precipitation and temperature in each city. To find the time delay in the synchronization between the records we study the time lag phase synchronization when the records are shifted by a variable time interval of days. We also compare the results of the method with the classical cross-correlation method and find that in certain cases the phase synchronization yields more significant results. Phase synchronization in temperature and precipitation records Diego Rybski Shlomo Havlin Armin Bunde doi:10.1016/S0378-4371(02)01509-1 Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 320 (15 March 2003), pp. 601-610. 2005-11-13T18:26:26-00:00 2003 Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 320 601 610 delay phase synchronization time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/391999 <i>Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 350, No. 2-4. (15 May 2005), pp. 277-295.</i><br /><br />Using coherence analysis (which is an extensively used method to study the correlations in frequency domain, between two simultaneously measured signals) we estimate the time delay between two signals. This method is suitable for time delay estimation of narrow band coherence signals for which the conventional methods cannot be reliably applied. We show, by analysing coupled Rossler attractors with a known delay, that the method yields satisfactory results. Then, we apply this method to human pathologic tremor. The delay between simultaneously measured traces of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) data of subjects with essential hand tremor is calculated. We find that there is a delay of 11-27 milli-seconds (ms) between the tremor correlated parts (cortex) of the brain (EEG) and the trembling hand (EMG) which is in agreement with the experimentally observed delay value of 15 ms for the cortico-muscular conduction time. By surrogate analysis we calculate error bars of the estimated delay. Estimation of time delay by coherence analysis RB Govindan J Raethjen F Kopper JC Claussen G Deuschl doi:10.1016/j.physa.2004.11.043 Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics, Vol. 350, No. 2-4. (15 May 2005), pp. 277-295. 2005-11-13T18:21:31-00:00 2005 Physica A: Statistical and Theoretical Physics 350 2-4 277 295 delay time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/335168 <i>Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 116, No. 10. (October 2005), pp. 2266-2301.</i><br /><br />Many complex and interesting phenomena in nature are due to nonlinear phenomena. The theory of nonlinear dynamical systems, also called 'chaos theory', has now progressed to a stage, where it becomes possible to study self-organization and pattern formation in the complex neuronal networks of the brain. One approach to nonlinear time series analysis consists of reconstructing, from time series of EEG or MEG, an attractor of the underlying dynamical system, and characterizing it in terms of its dimension (an estimate of the degrees of freedom of the system), or its Lyapunov exponents and entropy (reflecting unpredictability of the dynamics due to the sensitive dependence on initial conditions). More recently developed nonlinear measures characterize other features of local brain dynamics (forecasting, time asymmetry, determinism) or the nonlinear synchronization between recordings from different brain regions.Nonlinear time series has been applied to EEG and MEG of healthy subjects during no-task resting states, perceptual processing, performance of cognitive tasks and different sleep stages. Many pathologic states have been examined as well, ranging from toxic states, seizures, and psychiatric disorders to Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Cre1utzfeldt-Jakob's disease. Interpretation of these results in terms of 'functional sources' and 'functional networks' allows the identification of three basic patterns of brain dynamics: (i) normal, ongoing dynamics during a no-task, resting state in healthy subjects; this state is characterized by a high dimensional complexity and a relatively low and fluctuating level of synchronization of the neuronal networks; (ii) hypersynchronous, highly nonlinear dynamics of epileptic seizures; (iii) dynamics of degenerative encephalopathies with an abnormally low level of between area synchronization. Only intermediate levels of rapidly fluctuating synchronization, possibly due to critical dynamics near a phase transition, are associated with normal information processing, whereas both hyper--as well as hyposynchronous states result in impaired information processing and disturbed consciousness. Nonlinear dynamical analysis of EEG and MEG: Review of an emerging field CJ Stam doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.06.011 Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 116, No. 10. (October 2005), pp. 2266-2301. 2005-09-29T16:24:41-00:00 2005 Clinical Neurophysiology 116 10 2266 2301 nonliear series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/581321 <i>Biological Psychology, Vol. 71, No. 1. (January 2006), pp. 100-110.</i><br /><br />Biocybernetic systems utilise real-time changes in psychophysiology in order to adapt aspects of computer control and functionality, e.g. adaptive automation. This approach to system design is based upon an assumption that psychophysiological variations represent implicit fluctuations in the subjective state of the operator, e.g. mood, motivation, cognitions. A study was performed to investigate the convergent validity between psychophysiological measurement and changes in the subjective status of the individual. Thirty-five participants performed a demanding version of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery (MATB) over four consecutive 20-min blocks. A range of psychophysiological data were collected (EEG, ECG, skin conductance level (SCL), EOG, respiratory rate) and correlated with changes in subjective state as measured by the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire (DSSQ). MATB performance was stable across time-on-task; psychophysiological activity exhibited expected changes due to sustained performance. The DSSQ was analysed in terms of three subjective meta-factors: Task Engagement, Distress and Worry. Multiple regression analyses revealed that psychophysiology predicted a substantial proportion of the variance for both Task Engagement and Distress but not for the Worry meta-factor. The consequences for the development of biocybernetic systems are discussed. Prediction of subjective states from psychophysiology: A multivariate approach Stephen Fairclough Louise Venables doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2005.03.007 Biological Psychology, Vol. 71, No. 1. (January 2006), pp. 100-110. 2006-04-10T22:17:53-00:00 2006 Biological Psychology 71 1 100 110 multivariate series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/581317 <i>Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. In Press, Uncorrected Proof</i><br /><br />The analysis of records of biophysical signals like EEG have become increasingly interesting to physicists since the development of new algorithms for time-series analysis. This analysis, however, requires both--an adequate methodology assessing the time-series characteristics and an appropriate statistical assessment of the measures resulting from these algorithms. The latter should separate inherent effects from those appearing only by chance, .e.g., in terms of an appropriate test statistics. As a step towards such a statistical assessment we present here a data resampling approach: Data resampling techniques allow for the estimation of the variance of an F-value as obtained through variance analysis. A test statistics based on the so-called F-ratio [sigma]2(F)/F2 is derived and the simulation of outcomes allows for the determination of its quantiles. A multivariate formulation allows for the simultaneous inclusion of linear and nonlinear time-series measures into the analysis.We applied these concepts to the problem of distinguishing EEG of healthy probands from the EEG of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic. Together with an approach involving Bayes formula to weight the variables, it reveals a reliable discrimination performance of 81% when the nonlinear measure [chi] and the linear measures [delta]- and [alpha]-power are included. Statistics of biophysical signal characteristics and state specificity of the human EEG RM Dunki M Dressel doi:10.1016/j.physa.2006.02.033 Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. In Press, Uncorrected Proof 2006-04-10T22:13:00-00:00 Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications In Press, Uncorrected Proof multivariate series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/581314 <i>Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 117, No. 4. (April 2006), pp. 752-770.</i><br /><br />ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop a novel quantitative multichannel EEG (qEEG) based analysis method, called Global Field Damping Time (GFDT), in order to detect potential EEG changes of patients admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory failure, and correlate them to the patients' recovery outcome predicting the optimal time-point to disconnect the patient from mechanical ventilation.MethodsTwenty-nine adult patients with acute respiratory failure out of 98 admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Saint Paul General Hospital were enrolled, and among them only 15 completed the study. The patients were classified in 3 groups according to their outcome after 3 months follow-up. The patients were intubated with fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 100%. Neurological Deficit Scores (NDS) were measured 24 h after intubation to assess patients' neurological condition. Twenty-four hours after patient's intubation, FiO2 was decreased to 40% (weaning session), followed by a 5 min early recovery session, a 5 min recovery 1 session and a 5 min recovery 2 session. EEG recordings were performed during this experimental procedure. Multichannel EEG segments were processed and fitted into a multivariate autoregressive (mAR) model, and single channel EEG segments into a scalar autoregressive (sAR) model. The mAR and the sAR models of arbitrary order p were decomposed into mp and p oscillators and relaxators, respectively. Damping time of each oscillator and each relaxator, and the Global Field Damping Time (GFDT) as a weighted damping time were estimated for both mAR and sAR models.ResultsA statistically significant increase of mAR model's GFDT during the weaning session was observed in the subjects of all groups. Comparing the 3 patients' groups, statistically significant differences for mAR model's GFDT were observed for the weaning and early recovery session. Linear regression analysis between NDS and mean mAR model's GFDT showed statistical significance during weaning session, early recovery session, and recovery 1 session. There was no statistical significance for SaO2 in the regression analysis with NDS. The sAR model's GFDT presented worst results in comparison with the mAR modelling GFDT in the identification of hypoxic conditions during weaning session and in the discrimination of patients with acute respiratory failure according to their neurological outcome.ConclusionsGlobal Field Damping Time as correlated to the patients' neurological outcome appears to be a simple, compact, and substantial novel indicator of cerebral hypoxia and a potential predictor of the optimal time-point to disconnect the patient from the ventilator.SignificanceQuantitative EEG seems to be an important tool for ICU clinicians assisting them to decide for the patients' optimal time-point to disconnect the patient from the ventilator. Quantitative multichannel EEG measure predicting the optimal weaning from ventilator in ICU patients with acute respiratory failure Christos Papadelis Nikos Maglaveras Chrysoula Kourtidou-Papadeli Panagiotis Bamidis Maria Albani Kyriazis Chatzinikolaou Konstantinos Pappas doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.12.009 Clinical Neurophysiology, Vol. 117, No. 4. (April 2006), pp. 752-770. 2006-04-10T22:10:45-00:00 2006 Clinical Neurophysiology 117 4 752 770 multivariate series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/436795 <i>Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />We present a client-server application for the distributed multivariate analysis of time series using standard PCs. We here concentrate on analyses of multichannel EEG/MEG data, but our method can easily be adapted to other time series. Due to the rapid development of new analysis techniques, the focus in the design of our application was not only on computational performance, but also on high flexibility and expandability of both the client and the server programs. For this purpose, the communication between the server and the clients as well as the building of the computational tasks has been realized via the Extensible Markup Language (XML). Running our newly developed method in an asynchronous distributed environment with random availability of remote and heterogeneous resources, we tested the system's performance for a number of different univariate and bivariate analysis techniques. Results indicate that for most of the currently available analysis techniques, calculations can be performed in real time, which, in principle, allows on-line analyses at relatively low cost. A distributed computing system for multivariate time series analyses of multichannel neurophysiological data Andy Muller Hannes Osterhage Robert Sowa Ralph Andrzejak Florian Mormann Klaus Lehnertz doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.09.002 Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2005-12-13T11:41:39-00:00 Journal of Neuroscience Methods In Press, Corrected Proof multivariate series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/555981 <i>Neuroimage (10 January 2006)</i><br /><br />The quantification of phase synchrony between brain signals is of crucial importance for the study of large-scale interactions in the brain. Current methods are based on the estimation of the stability of the phase difference between pairs of signals over a time window, within successive frequency bands. This paper introduces a new approach to study the dynamics of brain synchronies, Frequency Flows Analysis (FFA). It allows direct tracking and characterization of the nonstationary time-frequency dynamics of phase synchrony among groups of signals. It is based on the use of the one-to-one relationship between frequency locking and phase synchrony, which applies when the concept of phase synchrony is not taken in an extended 'statistical' sense of a bias in the distribution of phase differences, but in the sense of a continuous phase difference conservation during a short period of time. In such a case, phase synchrony implies identical instantaneous frequencies among synchronized signals, with possible time varying frequencies of synchronization. In this framework, synchronous groups of signals or neural assemblies can be identified as belonging to common frequency flows, and the problem of studying synchronization becomes the problem of tracking frequency flows. We use the ridges of the analytic wavelet transforms of the signals of interest in order to estimate maps of instantaneous frequencies and reveal sustained periods of common instantaneous frequency among groups of signal. FFA is shown to track complex dynamics of synchrony in coupled oscillator models, reveal the time-frequency and spatial dynamics of synchrony convergence and divergence in epileptic seizures, and in MEG data the large-scale ongoing dynamics of synchrony correlated with conscious perception during binocular rivalry. Frequency flows and the time-frequency dynamics of multivariate phase synchronization in brain signals. David Rudrauf Abdel Douiri Christopher Kovach Jean-Philippe Lachaux Diego Cosmelli Mario Chavez Claude Adam Bernard Renault Jacques Martinerie Michel Le Van Quyen doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.11.021 Neuroimage (10 January 2006) 2006-03-17T11:35:21-00:00 2006 Neuroimage 1053-8119 multiple series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/605023 <i>Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Vol. 146, No. 1. (15 July 2005), pp. 22-41.</i><br /><br />We have developed an adaptation of multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to analyze statistically both local and global patterns of multi-electrode array (MEA) electrophysiology data where the activities of many (typically [inverted question mark]100) neurons have been recorded simultaneously. Whereas simple application of standard MANOVA techniques prohibits extraction of useful information in this kind of data, our new approach, MEANOVA (=MEA+MANOVA), allows a more useful and powerful approach to analyze such complex neurophysiological data. The MEANOVA test enables the detection of the "hot-spots" in the MEA data and has been validated using recordings from the rat olfactory bulb. To further validate the power of this approach, we have also applied the MEANOVA test to data obtained from a simple computational network model. This MEANOVA software and other useful statistical methods for MEA data can be downloaded from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Users/pmh20. Applications of multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to multi-electrode array electrophysiology data PM Horton L Bonny AU Nicol KM Kendrick JF Feng doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.01.008 Journal of Neuroscience Methods, Vol. 146, No. 1. (15 July 2005), pp. 22-41. 2006-04-27T21:02:14-00:00 2005 Journal of Neuroscience Methods 146 1 22 41 multivariate series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/xlli/article/207470 <i>Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 100, No. 470. (June 2005), pp. 519-531.</i> SLEX Analysis of Multivariate Nonstationary Time Series Hernando Ombao Rainer von Sachs Wensheng Guo doi:10.1198/016214504000001448 Journal of the American Statistical Association, Vol. 100, No. 470. (June 2005), pp. 519-531. 2005-05-22T08:45:19-00:00 2005 Journal of the American Statistical Association 0162-1459 100 470 519 531 American Statistical Association multivariate series time http://www.citeulike.org/user/wellnair/article/1846332 <i>International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol. 38, No. 1. (1 June 2000), pp. 59-73.</i><br /><br />The linear combination of prototypical views provides a powerful approach for the recognition and the synthesis of images of stationary three-dimensional objects. In this article, we present initial results that demonstrate that similar ideas can be developed for the recognition and synthesis of complex motion patterns. We present a technique that permits to represent complex motion or action patterns by linear combinations of a small number of prototypical image sequences. We demonstrate the applicability of this new approach for the synthesis and analysis of biological motion using simulated and real video data from different locomotion patterns. Our results show that complex motion patterns are embedded in pattern spaces with a defined topological structure, which can be uncovered with our methods. The underlying pattern space seems to have locally, but not globally, the properties of a linear vector space. We show how the knowledge about the topology of the pattern space can be exploited during pattern recognition. Our method may provide a new interesting approach for the analysis and synthesis of video sequences and complex movements. Morphable Models for the Analysis and Synthesis of Complex Motion Patterns Martin Giese Tomaso Poggio doi:10.1023/A:1008118801668 International Journal of Computer Vision, Vol. 38, No. 1. (1 June 2000), pp. 59-73. 2007-10-31T10:01:53-00:00 2000 International Journal of Computer Vision 38 1 59 73 analysis linear morphable pattern space spatial superposition time http://www.citeulike.org/user/vlhounshell/article/133663 <i>Child Development, Vol. 76, No. 2. (March 2005), pp. 467-482.</i> Mothers' Time With Infant and Time in Employment as Predictors of Mother-Child Relationships and Children's Early Development C Huston Rosenkrantz Stacey doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00857.x Child Development, Vol. 76, No. 2. (March 2005), pp. 467-482. 2005-03-20T13:28:53-00:00 2005 Child Development 0009-3920 76 2 467 482 Blackwell Publishing and as child childrens development early employment in infant mother mothers of predictors relationships time with http://www.citeulike.org/user/vitskov/article/2291112 <i>J Neurophysiol, Vol. 99, No. 1. (1 January 2008), pp. 166-186.</i><br /><br />Neurophysiological, neuroimaging, and lesion studies point to a highly distributed processing of temporal information by cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic networks. However, there are virtually no experimental data on the encoding of behavioral time by simultaneously recorded cortical ensembles. We predicted temporal intervals from the activity of hundreds of neurons recorded in motor and premotor cortex as rhesus monkeys performed self-timed hand movements. During the delay periods, when animals had to estimate temporal intervals and prepare hand movements, neuronal ensemble activity encoded both the time that elapsed from the previous hand movement and the time until the onset of the next. The neurons that were most informative of these temporal intervals increased or decreased their rates throughout the delay until reaching a threshold value, at which point a movement was initiated. Variability in the self-timed delays was explainable by the variability of neuronal rates, but not of the threshold. In addition to predicting temporal intervals, the same neuronal ensemble activity was informative for generating predictions that dissociated the delay periods of the task from the movement periods. Left hemispheric areas were the best source of predictions in one bilaterally implanted monkey overtrained to perform the task with the right hand. However, after that monkey learned to perform the task with the left hand, its left hemisphere continued and the right hemisphere started contributing to the prediction. We suggest that decoding of temporal intervals from bilaterally recorded cortical ensembles could improve the performance of neural prostheses for restoration of motor function. 10.1152/jn.00734.2007 Decoding of Temporal Intervals From Cortical Ensemble Activity Mikhail Lebedev Joseph O'Doherty Miguel Nicolelis doi:10.1152/jn.00734.2007 J Neurophysiol, Vol. 99, No. 1. (1 January 2008), pp. 166-186. 2008-01-25T18:05:24-00:00 2008 J Neurophysiol 99 1 166 186 time http://www.citeulike.org/user/viselia/article/2143982 <i>INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1826-1836 vol.3.</i><br /><br />The small-time (sub-seconds) scaling behaviors of Internet backbone traffic, based on traces collected from OC3/12/48 links in a tier-1 ISP is studied. We observe that for a majority of these traces, the (second-order) scaling exponents at small time scales (1 ms - 100 ms) are fairly close to 0.5, indicating that traffic fluctuations at these time scales are (nearly) uncorrelated. In addition, the traces manifest mostly monofractal behaviors at small time scales. The objective of the paper is to understand the potential causes or factors that influence the small-time scalings of Internet backbone traffic via empirical data analysis. We analyze the traffic composition of the traces along two dimensions - flow size and flow density. Our study uncovers dense flows (i.e., flows with bursts of densely clustered packets) as the correlation-causing factor in small time scales, and reveals that the traffic composition in terms of proportions of dense vs. sparse flows plays a major role in influencing the small-time scalings of aggregate traffic. Small-time scaling behaviors of Internet backbone traffic: an empirical study Small-time scaling behaviors of Internet backbone traffic: an empirical study ZL Zhang ZL Zhang VJ Ribeiro VJ Ribeiro S Moon S Moon C Diot INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1826-1836 vol.3. 2007-12-19T04:07:37-00:00 2003 INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-Second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. IEEE 3 1826 1836 vol.3 backbone empirical scale self similarity small sprint time traffic http://www.citeulike.org/user/vialaq/article/1472398 <i>Computer Science, 2005. ENC 2005. Sixth Mexican International Conference on (2005), pp. 182-188.</i><br /><br />This paper presents a wavelet neural-network for learning and approximation of chaotic time series. Wavelet networks are a class of neural network that take advantage of good localization and approximation properties of multiresolution analysis. These networks use wavelets as activation functions in the hidden layer and a hierarchical method is used for learning. Comparisons are made between a wavelet network, tested with two different wavelets, and the typical feedforward network trained with the back-propagation algorithm. The results reported in this paper show that wavelet networks have better approximation properties than back-propagation networks. Learning and approximation of chaotic time series using wavelet-networks V Alarcon-Aquino ES Garcia-Trevino R Rosas-Romero JF Ramirez-Cruz Computer Science, 2005. ENC 2005. Sixth Mexican International Conference on (2005), pp. 182-188. 2007-07-22T01:16:54-00:00 2005 Computer Science, 2005. ENC 2005. Sixth Mexican International Conference on 182 188 approximation chaotic networks neural prediction series time wavelet-networks http://www.citeulike.org/user/vialaq/article/1472387 <i>Computing, 2006. CIC '06. 15th International Conference on (2006), pp. 11-17.</i><br /><br />Wavelet-networks are inspired by both the feedforward neural networks and the theory underlying wavelet decompositions. This special kind of networks has proved its advantages over other networks schemes, particularly in approximation and prediction problems. However, the training procedure used for wavelet networks is based on the idea of continuous differentiable wavelets, but unfortunately, most of powerful and used wavelets do not satisfy this property. This paper presents a new initialisation procedure and a new training algorithm for wavelet neural-networks that improve its performance allowing the use of different kind of wavelets. To show this, comparisons are made for chaotic time series approximation between the proposed approach and the typical wavelet-network Improving Wavelet-Networks Performance with a New Correlation-based Initialisation Method and Training Algorithm Edgar Garcia-Trevino Vicente Alarcon-Aquino Jose Ramirez-Cruz Computing, 2006. CIC '06. 15th International Conference on (2006), pp. 11-17. 2007-07-22T01:08:14-00:00 2006 Computing, 2006. CIC '06. 15th International Conference on 11 17 approximation chaotic networks neural prediction series time wavelet-networks http://www.citeulike.org/user/vanvanka/article/2623070 <i>BMC Bioinformatics, Vol. 8, No. Suppl 10. (2007)</i><br /><br />BACKGROUND:Gene expression measurements during the development of the fly Drosophila melanogaster are routinely used to find functional modules of temporally co-expressed genes. Complimentary large data sets of in situ RNA hybridization images for different stages of the fly embryo elucidate the spatial expression patterns.RESULTS:Using a semi-supervised approach, constrained clustering with mixture models, we can find clusters of genes exhibiting spatio-temporal similarities in expression, or syn-expression. The temporal gene expression measurements are taken as primary data for which pairwise constraints are computed in an automated fashion from raw in situ images without the need for manual annotation. We investigate the influence of these pairwise constraints in the clustering and discuss the biological relevance of our results.CONCLUSION:Spatial information contributes to a detailed, biological meaningful analysis of temporal gene expression data. Semi-supervised learning provides a flexible, robust and efficient framework for integrating data sources of differing quality and abundance. Semi-supervised learning for the identification of syn-expressed genes from fused microarray and in situ image data Ivan Costa Roland Krause Lennart Opitz Alexander Schliep doi:10.1186/1471-2105-8-S10-S3 BMC Bioinformatics, Vol. 8, No. Suppl 10. (2007) 2008-04-02T12:09:27-00:00 2007 BMC Bioinformatics 8 Suppl 10 course development drosophila expression gene in learning semi-supervised situ time http://www.citeulike.org/user/unlvlibraries/article/142709 <i>Omega, Vol. 33, No. 2. (April 2005), pp. 153-162.</i><br /><br />In recent years, numerous approaches have been proposed to improve operations performance. Three in particular, just in time, supply chain management, and quality management, have received considerable attention. While the three are sometimes viewed and implemented as if they were independent and distinct, they can also be used as three prongs of an integrated operations strategy. This study empirically examines the extent to which just in time, supply chain management, and quality management are correlated, and how they impact business performance. Results demonstrate that at both strategic and operational levels, linkages exist between how just in time, total quality management, and supply chain management are viewed by organizations as part of their operations strategy. Results also indicate that a commitment to quality and an understanding of supply chain dynamics have the greatest effect on performance. Just in time, total quality management, and supply chain management: understanding their linkages and impact on business performance Vijay Kannan Keah Tan doi:10.1016/j.omega.2004.03.012 Omega, Vol. 33, No. 2. (April 2005), pp. 153-162. 2005-03-29T19:05:51-00:00 2005 Omega 33 2 153 162 business chain empirical in just management quality research supply time http://www.citeulike.org/user/ullahmukhtar/article/1538047 <i>Transactions on Computational Systems Biology VI (2006), pp. 44-67.</i><br /><br />We describe a quantitative modelling and analysis approach for signal transduction networks. We illustrate the approach with an example, the RKIP inhibited ERK pathway [CSK+03]. Our models are high level descriptions of continuous time Markov chains: proteins are modelled by synchronous processes and reactions by transitions. Concentrations are modelled by discrete, abstract quantities. The main advantage of our approach is that using a (continuous time) stochastic logic and the PRISM model checker, we can perform quantitative analysis such as what is the probability that if a concentration reaches a certain level, it will remain at that level thereafter? or how does varying a given reaction rate affect that probability? We also perform standard simulations and compare our results with a traditional ordinary differential equation model. An interesting result is that for the example pathway, only a small number of discrete data values is required to render the simulations practically indistinguishable. Keywords: signalling pathways; stochastic processes; continuous time Markov chains; model checking; continuous stochastic logic. Analysis of Signalling Pathways Using Continuous Time Markov Chains Muffy Calder Vladislav Vyshemirsky David Gilbert Richard Orton doi:10.1007/11880646_3 Transactions on Computational Systems Biology VI (2006), pp. 44-67. 2007-08-06T13:01:11-00:00 2006 Transactions on Computational Systems Biology VI 44 67 chains checking continuous logic markov model pathways processes signalling stochastic time http://www.citeulike.org/user/ub/article/97123 <i>J Neurophysiol, Vol. 86, No. 6. (December 2001), pp. 2754-2760.</i><br /><br />The accurate perception/production of durations in the seconds and minutes range is important in a number of everyday activities, but the lack of direct experimental evidence on the neural circuits that could be involved has precluded the detailed elucidation of the underlying physiological mechanisms. We show, using a basic biophysical model of a timekeeping system and experimental data on time intervals produced or estimated under different conditions, that experimental values, variability, and distributions can be quantitatively explained in terms of a background synaptic activity such as that generated by attention. The model provides a plausible neural substrate for encoding time intervals, and the findings suggest how it may interplay at the single neuron level with the attentional system, to elaborate a subjective representation of the elapsing time. Quantitative modeling of perception and production of time intervals. M Migliore L Messineo M Cardaci GF Ayala J Neurophysiol, Vol. 86, No. 6. (December 2001), pp. 2754-2760. 2005-02-17T16:18:32-00:00 2001 J Neurophysiol 0022-3077 86 6 2754 2760 biophysical-model time http://www.citeulike.org/user/ub/article/96116 <i>J Neurophysiol (5 January 2005)</i><br /><br />Temporal prediction of future events, especially regarding reward delivery, is critical for controlling/learning purposeful behavior. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has been considered to be involved in behavioral control based on prospective coding for future events, including reward. Hence, this area is likely to have a neuronal mechanism responsible for temporal prediction of forthcoming reward. To address this hypothesis, we recorded the neuronal activity from the DLPFC of macaque monkeys while they performed an oculomotor delayed-response task under two conditions regarding the time of reward delivery. In this task, when the subjects made a correct response, the reward was delivered after a reward-delay period of 0.5 or 2 s. At the behavioral level, the onset latency for saccades was significantly faster in the shorter reward-delay trials (0.5 s) than in longer reward-delay trials (2 s), indicating that our subjects actually predicted the time of reward delivery. At the neuronal level, we found that many DLPFC neurons showed differential activity depending on the predicted time of reward delivery during the cue and/or delay periods. These results suggest that a fraction of neurons in the DLPFC represent the temporal prediction of reward and probably a variety of other future events. Neuronal activity representing temporal prediction of reward in the primate prefrontal cortex. Satoshi Tsujimoto Toshiyuki Sawaguchi doi:10.1152/jn.01149.2004 J Neurophysiol (5 January 2005) 2005-02-15T20:57:19-00:00 2005 J Neurophysiol 0022-3077 in-vivo time http://www.citeulike.org/user/tystl/article/983784 <i>(05 November 1998)</i> Changing Teachers, Changing Times: Teachers' Work and Culture in the Postmodern Age (Professional Development and Practice Series) Andy Hargreaves (05 November 1998) 2006-12-07T21:12:25-00:00 1998 Teachers College Press culture teaching time http://www.citeulike.org/user/tystl/article/961568 <i>(09 March 1984)</i><br /><br />First published in 1983, this book studies how people are tied together and yet isolated by hidden threads of rhythm and walls of time.  Time is treated as a language, organizer, and message system revealing people's feelings about each other and reflecting differences between cultures. The Dance of Life: The Other Dimension of Time Edward Hall (09 March 1984) 2006-11-25T16:55:09-00:00 1984 Anchor anthropology culture time http://www.citeulike.org/user/twenta/article/2231017 <i>Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1177, No. 2. (11 January 2008), pp. 207-214.</i><br /><br />A two-step methodology has been developed for the prediction of protein retention time in linear-gradient HIC systems. Isocratic retention parameters were determined from ln(k')-salt concentration plots for a number of commercially available proteins with a range of properties. Quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) models based on a support vector machine (SVM) approach were generated for predicting isocratic retention parameters for proteins not included in the model generation. The predicted parameters were then used to calculate protein gradient retention times and the results indicate that this approach is well suited for predicting experimental gradient retention data. The approach presented in this paper may have implications for HIC methods development at both the bench and process scales. Prediction of protein retention times in gradient hydrophobic interaction chromatographic systems Jie Chen Ting Yang Steven Cramer doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.003 Journal of Chromatography A, Vol. 1177, No. 2. (11 January 2008), pp. 207-214. 2008-01-14T16:31:45-00:00 2008 Journal of Chromatography A 1177 2 207 214 calculation retention time http://www.citeulike.org/user/tora22/article/2528583 <i>Metrologia, Vol. 45, No. 2. (April 2008), 185.</i> Time transfer with nanosecond accuracy for the realization of International Atomic Time D Piester A Bauch L Breakiron D Matsakis B Blanzano O Koudelka doi:10.1088/0026-1394/45/2/008 Metrologia, Vol. 45, No. 2. (April 2008), 185. 2008-03-13T17:13:17-00:00 2008 Metrologia 0026-1394 45 2 185 Institute of Physics Publishing atomic calibration clocks frequency satellite standards time transfer twstft twstt http://www.citeulike.org/user/toomash/article/489949 <i>The Economic Journal, Vol. 75, No. 299. (1965), pp. 493-517.</i> A Theory of the Allocation of Time Gary Becker The Economic Journal, Vol. 75, No. 299. (1965), pp. 493-517. 2006-02-02T19:55:25-00:00 1965 The Economic Journal 75 299 493 517 microeconomics tartumicropapers time http://www.citeulike.org/user/tomrevilla/article/2601650 <i>Biological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 2. (2004), pp. 337-349.</i><br /><br />. Consumer-food systems: why type I functional responses are exclusive to filter feeders Jonathan Jeschke Michael Kopp Ralph Tollrian doi:10.1017/S1464793103006286 Biological Reviews, Vol. 79, No. 2. (2004), pp. 337-349. 2008-03-27T12:13:50-00:00 2004 Biological Reviews 79 2 337 349 articles budgets dome-shaped effort feeders filter foraging functional predators response searching suspension time type_i type_ii type_iii http://www.citeulike.org/user/tomchen/article/1249032 <i>Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 62, No. 4. (April 2007), pp. 556-578.</i><br /><br />We study how the extent of commitment ability influences equilibrium allocations in one-sector growth models in which households have non-geometric discounting functions. Our analysis covers the standard model, in which the economy approaches a stationary equilibrium, and the AK model, which allows for perpetual growth of per-capita output. We demonstrate that higher commitment ability implies a higher level (in the standard model) and a higher growth rate (in the AK model) of long-run per-capita output. Unlike similar studies, we assume that the commitment technology is stochastic and that the non-geometric nature of time-preference is caused by idiosyncratic shocks to households. Time-preference and commitment Gerhard Sorger Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 62, No. 4. (April 2007), pp. 556-578. 2007-04-25T01:46:21-00:00 2007 Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 62 4 556 578 time http://www.citeulike.org/user/tessamcdonald/article/2439060 <i>Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 65, No. 10. (November 2007), pp. 2172-2183.</i><br /><br />The aim of this study was to provide a rich and detailed account of participants' experiences of walking using the qualitative method of interpretative phenomenological analysis. Participants were a snowball sample of 10 members of the UK general public, aged 25-35 years, with equal numbers of males and females. Participants reported walking as not being "proper" exercise, and that it is not a goal in itself. Factors that participants cited as making walking easier included the functionality of walking for transport, contextual factors of social support and psychological benefits. Perceived lack of time was cited as an inhibitory barrier to walking. Participants' perceptions of walking were incongruent with current health promotion campaigns. There is a need to address the misconception that walking is not proper exercise. The traditional focus of walking promotion campaigns concerns beliefs about the benefits of walking on health. People engage in healthy behaviour for reasons other than to be healthy. Interventions to promote walking should consider targeting the psychological meaning and value of walking, in addition to beliefs about health. An exploration of walking behaviour--An interpretative phenomenological approach Catherine Darker Michael Larkin David French doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.06.029 Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 65, No. 10. (November 2007), pp. 2172-2183. 2008-02-27T23:27:12-00:00 2007 Social Science & Medicine 65 10 2172 2183 activity barrier everday exercise health lifestyle physical public time uk http://www.citeulike.org/user/teresadaniela/article/1123039 <i>HICSS '06: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2006)</i><br /><br />Prior research has discussed and investigated how global teams bridge multiple boundaries (e.g., distance, time, culture) that separate its members and impact the coordination of their work. In this paper we report on a study we conducted at a semiconductor manufacturing company to better understand how global teams can work more effectively across one of these boundaries — time separation. More specifically, we investigate how time zones affect coordination costs and other coordination outcomes, and which coordination processes and mechanism are more effective in helping overcome the difficulties associated with time separation. The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews of 23 global team members working on technical projects in several locations around the globe. The Effect of Time Separation on Coordination Processes and Outcomes: A Case Study Alberto Espinosa Cynthia Pickering doi:10.1109/HICSS.2006.463 HICSS '06: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (2006) 2007-02-26T14:25:32-00:00 2006 HICSS '06: Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences IEEE Computer Society distance global gsd reticollab0607 separation team time http://www.citeulike.org/user/tayoulevy/article/1533948 <i>Leonardo, Vol. 5, No. 1. (1972), pp. 27-30.</i><br /><br />The author notes that the concept of the interdependence of space and time is one of the most exciting ones in contemporary physics and philosophy. In works of art, there is also an interlocking of space and time, however, she points out that it does not involve problems of relativistic physics. She outlines the temporal and spatial aspects of music and of different kinds of visual art, such as static painting and sculpture, Op art and kinetic art. The differences between objective space and time, and psychological space and time are discussed as they pertain to these arts. She concludes that it is not correct to classify music as simply a 'temporal' art and the visual arts as 'spatial' arts, for in both of these art forms there is an interrelationship between time and space. /// L'auteur remarque que le concept d'interdépendence entre l'espace et le temps est l'un des points les plus passionnants de la physique et de la philosophie contemporaines. Dans les œuvres d'art, il y a aussi interdépendance entre l'espace et le temps; elle note cependant que ces problèmes sont distincts de ceux de la physique relativiste. Elle mentionne les aspects temporels et spatiaux de la musique et des différentes sortes d'art visuel comme la peinture statique et la sculpture, l'Op art et l'art cinétique. La différence entre l'espace et le temps objectifs et l'espace et le temps psychologiques est discutée dans le cadre de ces différentes formes d'art. Elle conclue qu'il n'est pas juste de classer la musique comme un art purement temporel et les arts visuels comme des arts de l'espace car dans les uns comme dans les autres il y a interconnection entre le temps et l'espace. On Space and Time in Music and the Visual Arts Elena de Bértola Leonardo, Vol. 5, No. 1. (1972), pp. 27-30. 2007-08-03T22:21:45-00:00 1972 Leonardo 5 1 27 30 space time visual-arts http://www.citeulike.org/user/Tarrow/article/891124 <i>Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 39, No. 14. (2001), pp. 1704-1712.</i><br /><br />Estimation methods for the longest Rouse relaxation time (?R) of an entangled polymer in a semidilute solution were examined. We evaluated ?R by fitting the dynamic modulus (G?) with the Rouse model theory in the power law range, where G? was proportional to the square root of the angular frequency (?). The ?R values thus obtained for polystyrene (PS) solutions in tricresyl phosphate (TCP) were employed to derive an empirical formula for the evaluation of ?R from the viscosity (?): M is the molecular weight, and c is the mass of polymer per unit volume; Me = cRT/GN is the entanglement molecular weight, where GN is the G? value at the inflection point of the graph of log G? versus log ?. The subscript ? indicates that ?R is derived from ? data. The proposed equation was also applicable to bulk PS and bulk polyisoprene. Discrepancies among reported ?R values in semidilute solutions seem to be mostly due to discrepancies in Me values. For PS solutions in dioctyl phthalate, a ? solvent, the ?R value derived from ? was much larger than that from the G? curve. Apart from the evaluation method of ?R, we observed for PS that Me was independent of temperature for good solvent systems and melts, that Me for solutions in TCP agreed with that for solutions in another good solvent, and that Me for a ?-solvent system was equal to that for good solvent systems with the same M and c values. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 1704-1712, 2001 Evaluation methods of the longest Rouse relaxation time of an entangled polymer in a semidilute solution K Osaki T Inoue T Uematsu Y Yamashita doi:10.1002/polb.1142 Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, Vol. 39, No. 14. (2001), pp. 1704-1712. 2006-10-10T08:43:07-00:00 2001 Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 39 14 1704 1712 modulus plateau ps relaxation rheology solution time http://www.citeulike.org/user/takahashi/article/571301 <i>Int J Psychophysiol, Vol. 50, No. 1-2. (October 2003), pp. 117-124.</i><br /><br />In situations of audio-visual interaction, research has generally found that audition prevails over vision in temporal perception, while vision is dominant over audition for spatial perception. Modality appropriateness to a given task generally determines the direction of this inter-modality effect. However, we found a reverse effect in some situations where a change in the frequency of visual stimuli was associated with a perceived change in the frequency of auditory stimuli. In our experiment, 12 participants were asked to judge the change in the frequency of visual and auditory stimuli using a visual flicker and auditory flutter stimuli. In some conditions either the auditory or the visual information was ambiguous. In addition to confirming the expected finding that a change in the frequency of the auditory stimuli induced a perceived change in the frequency of the visual stimuli, we found a new phenomenon. When ambiguous auditory temporal cues were presented, the change in the frequency of the visual stimuli was associated with a perceived change in the frequency of the auditory stimuli. This suggests that cross-modal asymmetry effects are influenced by the reliability of visual and auditory information as well as modality appropriateness. Audio-visual integration in temporal perception. Y Wada N Kitagawa K Noguchi Int J Psychophysiol, Vol. 50, No. 1-2. (October 2003), pp. 117-124. 2006-03-31T03:52:33-00:00 2003 Int J Psychophysiol 0167-8760 50 1-2 117 124 audition crossmodal integration multimodal time vision http://www.citeulike.org/user/takahashi/article/305343 <i>Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 8, No. 9. (31 July 2005), pp. 1197-1202.</i> Neural basis of auditory-induced shifts in visual time-order perception John Mcdonald Wolfgang Teder-Sälejärvi Francesco Di Russo Steven Hillyard doi:10.1038/nn1512 Nature Neuroscience, Vol. 8, No. 9. (31 July 2005), pp. 1197-1202. 2005-08-27T03:41:31-00:00 2005 Nature Neuroscience 1097-6256 8 9 1197 1202 Nature Publishing Group audition crossmodal multimodal physiology time vision