Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:06:41 BST CiteULike: Tag typology http://www.citeulike.org/tag/typology CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/shaoke/article/1074519 <i>(26 Jan 2007)</i><br /><br />This paper gives an overview of current trends in manual indexing on the Web. Along with a general rise of user generated content there are more and more tagging systems that allow users to annotate digital resources with tags (keywords) and share their annotations with other users. Tagging is frequently seen in contrast to traditional knowledge organization systems or as something completely new. This paper shows that tagging should better be seen as a popular form of manual indexing on the Web. Difference between controlled and free indexing blurs with sufficient feedback mechanisms. A revised typology of tagging systems is presented that includes different user roles and knowledge organization systems with hierarchical relationships and vocabulary control. A detailed bibliography of current research in collaborative tagging is included. Tagging, Folksonomy & Co - Renaissance of Manual Indexing? Jakob Voss (26 Jan 2007) 2007-01-29T14:34:58-00:00 2007 folksonomy indexing manual typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/rickl/article/2367400 <i>Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 10, No. 1. (2004), pp. 00-00.</i><br /><br />Abstract Despite the growing popularity of virtual communities, there is no consensus among researchers regarding the appropriate definition or types of virtual communities. In this paper, a virtual community is defined as an aggregation of individuals or business partners who interact around a shared interest, where the interaction is at least partially supported and/or mediated by technology and guided by some protocols or norms. The central objective of developing this typology was to develop a classification system that would be useful to researchers from various disciplinary perspectives such that the classification system might be used as a foundation for theory construction. The proposed typology serves its intended purposes and is evaluated against criteria put forth by Hunt (1991). The proposed typology uses establishment type and relationship orientation as the key categorization variables, reconciling problems posed by other researchers who attempt to use attributes as categorization variables. It is simple, pragmatic for practitioners and useful for researchers seeking to develop an understanding of the virtual community phenomenon. A Typology of Virtual Communities: A Multi-Disciplinary Foundation for Future Research Constance Porter doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2004.tb00228.x Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 10, No. 1. (2004), pp. 00-00. 2008-02-12T23:50:46-00:00 2004 Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10 1 00 00 community typology virtual_communities http://www.citeulike.org/user/rickl/article/1012531 <i>(2006), pp. 239-248.</i> The wheel of collaboration tools: a typology for analysis within a holistic framework Per Weiseth Bj&\#248;rn Munkvold Bj&\#248;rn Tvedte Sjur Larsen doi:10.1145/1180875.1180913 (2006), pp. 239-248. 2006-12-25T06:58:52-00:00 2006 239 248 ACM Press collaboration tools typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/rickl/article/2794860 <i>Journal of Mixed Methods Research (18 March 2008), 1558689808314622.</i><br /><br />No mixed methods research design blends typological and systemic approaches into a cohesive, multifaceted whole. A synergistic approach to mixed methods research uses the inherent strengths of both types of approaches, providing researchers with a comprehensive framework for making pivotal research design decisions. Grounded in both philosophy and practice, this approach enables researchers to identify what will be researched, how it will be researched, and why the research will be undertaken in their chosen way. Presented as a set of core principles and a conceptual framework, its practical application is illustrated through the authors' experience of mixing methods in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The synergistic approach discussed in this article offers researchers an alternative mixed methods research approach. 10.1177/1558689808314622 A Synergistic Approach: Conducting Mixed Methods Research With Typological and Systemic Design Considerations Bronwyn Hall Kirsten Howard doi:10.1177/1558689808314622 Journal of Mixed Methods Research (18 March 2008), 1558689808314622. 2008-05-13T12:23:52-00:00 2008 Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1558689808314622 methodology mixed_methods systems typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/RichardOStern/article/246896 <i>Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 12, No. 2. (June 2005), pp. 79-115.</i> What is a Burin? Typology, Technology, and Interregional Comparison Silvia Tomaskova doi:10.1007/s10816-005-5666-4 Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 12, No. 2. (June 2005), pp. 79-115. 2005-07-06T02:55:24-00:00 2005 Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 1072-5369 12 2 79 115 Kluwer Academic Publishers burins lithics typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/NickAnstead/article/2264227 <i>Party Politics, Vol. 9, No. 2. (1 March 2003), pp. 167-199.</i><br /><br />While the literature already includes a large number of party typologies, they are increasingly incapable of capturing the great diversity of party types that have emerged worldwide in recent decades, largely because most typologies were based upon West European parties as they existed in the late nineteenth through mid-twentieth centuries. Some new party types have been advanced, but in an ad hoc manner and on the basis of widely varying and often inconsistent criteria. This article is an effort to set many of the commonly used conceptions of parties into a coherent framework, and to delineate new party types whenever the existing models are incapable of capturing important aspects of contemporary parties. We classify each of 15 species' of party into its proper genus' on the basis of three criteria: (1) the nature of the party's organization (thick/thin, elite-based or mass-based, etc.); (2) the programmatic orientation of the party (ideological, particularistic-clientele-oriented, etc.); and (3) tolerant and pluralistic (or democratic) versus proto-hegemonic (or anti-system). While this typology lacks parsimony, we believe that it captures more accurately the diversity of the parties as they exist in the contemporary democratic world, and is more conducive to hypothesistesting and theory-building than others. 10.1177/13540688030092003 Species of Political Parties: A New Typology Richard Gunther Larry Diamond doi:10.1177/13540688030092003 Party Politics, Vol. 9, No. 2. (1 March 2003), pp. 167-199. 2008-01-20T22:06:02-00:00 2003 Party Politics 9 2 167 199 parties typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/Mander/article/1860213 <i>American Antiquity, Vol. 54, No. 2. (1989), pp. 244-262.</i><br /><br />Archaeologists increasingly have become aware of the effects of bias and have made strides to identify and correct for error introduced in such areas as sampling and recovery techniques. Much less attention has been paid to the significance of bias introduced during artifact analysis. The potential for analyst-induced error is discussed in terms of: (1) the explicitness of class definitions, (2) differences in perception among analysts, and (3) changes in a single analyst's perception over time. Using a regression-based approach, sources of possible analytic error are detected in an archaeological data set recovered from Steens Mountain, Oregon. Bias and Archaeological Classification Charlotte Beck George Jones American Antiquity, Vol. 54, No. 2. (1989), pp. 244-262. 2007-11-03T13:24:13-00:00 1989 American Antiquity 54 2 244 262 archaeology classification style theory typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/klever/article/332710 <i>Journal of Management, Vol. 29, No. 6. (December 2003), pp. 991-1013.</i><br /><br />In this paper, we review and analyze the emerging network paradigm in organizational research. We begin with a conventional review of recent research organized around recognized research streams. Next, we analyze this research, developing a set of dimensions along which network studies vary, including direction of causality, levels of analysis, explanatory goals, and explanatory mechanisms. We use the latter two dimensions to construct a 2-by-2 table cross-classifying studies of network consequences into four canonical types: structural social capital, social access to resources, contagion, and environmental shaping. We note the rise in popularity of studies with a greater sense of agency than was traditional in network research. The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review and Typology Stephen Borgatti Pacey Foster doi:10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00087-4 Journal of Management, Vol. 29, No. 6. (December 2003), pp. 991-1013. 2005-09-26T22:13:51-00:00 2003 Journal of Management 29 6 991 1013 network organizational_research typology http://www.citeulike.org/group/1560/article/841712 <i>J Adv Nurs, Vol. 21, No. 2. (February 1995), pp. 256-265.</i><br /><br />The meanings attributed to the concept of care are considered. It is argued that whilst nursing has paid considerable attention to care in a professional (nursing) context, it has virtually ignored care as it is defined and construed by family carers. A new typology of family care is described which builds on the limited existing conceptual work in this area. It is further suggested that interventions which are intended to assist carers form a continuum ranging from services which are facilitative to those which are actually obstructive. In the light of these discussions, the implications of the new typology for nurses working with family carers are addressed briefly. Developing a typology of family care: implications for nurses and other service providers. M Nolan J Keady G Grant J Adv Nurs, Vol. 21, No. 2. (February 1995), pp. 256-265. 2006-09-13T09:11:11-00:00 1995 J Adv Nurs 0309-2402 21 2 256 265 familycare typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/fsteeg/article/500255 <i>(03 October 1997)</i><br /><br />Complex predicates can be defined as predicates which are composed of more than one grammatical element (either morphemes or words), each of which contributes a non-trivial part of the information of the complex predicate. The papers collected in this volume, which were presented at a workshop at Stanford in 1993, represent a variety of approaches to the question of the range and nature of complex predicates, and draw on data from a wide spectrum of languages. This collection develops a better understanding of the range of phenomena that a general theory of complex predicates would have to account for, and to see what kinds of linguistic ideas and methodologies would be necessary for such a task. Complex Predicates (03 October 1997) 2006-02-09T19:04:47-00:00 1997 Center for the Study of Language and Information complex-predicates linguistics svc typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/ferreol/article/348229 <i>Hydrobiologia, Vol. 551, No. 1. (November 2005), pp. 193-208.</i> A Top-down Approach for the Development of a Stream Typology Based on Abiotic Variables Martial Ferreol Alain Dohet Henry-Michel Cauchie Lucien Hoffmann doi:10.1007/s10750-005-4461-2 Hydrobiologia, Vol. 551, No. 1. (November 2005), pp. 193-208. 2005-10-11T18:23:12-00:00 2005 Hydrobiologia 0018-8158 551 1 193 208 Kluwer Academic Publishers abiotic luxembourg typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/emayorga/article/1176549 <i>Journal of Sea Research, Vol. 46, No. 2. (September 2001), pp. 87-97.</i><br /><br />To understand the role of the world's coastal zone (CZ) in global biogeochemical fluxes (particularly those of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediments) we must generalise from a limited number of observations associated with a few well-studied coastal systems to the global scale. Global generalisation must be based on globally available data and on robust techniques for classification and upscaling. These requirements impose severe constraints on the set of variables that can be used to extract information about local CZ functions such as advective and metabolic fluxes, and differences resulting from changes in biotic communities. Coastal complexity (plan-view tortuosity of the coastline) is a potentially useful parameter, since it interacts strongly with both marine and terrestrial forcing functions to determine coastal energy regimes and water residence times, and since `open' vs. `sheltered' categories are important components of most coastal habitat classification schemes. This study employs the World Vector Shoreline (WVS) dataset, originally developed at a scale of 1:250[punctuation space]000. Coastline complexity measures are generated using a modification of the Angle Measurement Technique (AMT), in which the basic measurement is the angle between two lines of specified length drawn from a selected point to the closest points of intersection with the coastline. Repetition of these measurements for different lengths at the same point yields a distribution of angles descriptive of the extent and scale of complexity in the vicinity of that point; repetition of the process at different points on the coast provides a basis for comparing both the extent and the characteristic scale of coastline variation along different reaches of the coast. The coast of northwestern Mexico (Baja California and the Gulf of California) was used as a case study for initial development and testing of the method. The characteristic angle distribution plots generated by the AMT analysis were clustered using , a high dimensionality clustering routine developed for large-scale coastal classification studies. The results show distinctive differences in coastal environments that have the potential for interpretation in terms of both biotic and hydrogeochemical environments, and that can be related to the resolution limits and uncertainties of the shoreline data used. These objective, quantitative measures of coastal complexity as a function of scale can be further developed and combined with other data sets to provide a key component of functional classification of coastal environments. Coastline complexity: a parameter for functional classification of coastal environments JD Bartley RW Buddemeier DA Bennett doi:10.1016/S1385-1101(01)00073-9 Journal of Sea Research, Vol. 46, No. 2. (September 2001), pp. 87-97. 2007-03-19T19:25:02-00:00 2001 Journal of Sea Research 46 2 87 97 classification coastal loicz morphology typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/emayorga/article/1093888 <i>Hydrobiologia, Vol. 577, No. 1. (February 2007), pp. 55-70.</i> Defining the coast and sentinel ecosystems for coastal observations of global change Christian Robert Mazzilli Stefano doi:10.1007/s10750-006-0417-4 Hydrobiologia, Vol. 577, No. 1. (February 2007), pp. 55-70. 2007-02-07T23:36:56-00:00 2007 Hydrobiologia 0018-8158 577 1 55 70 Springer coastal monitoring typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/emayorga/article/1601360 <i>Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 57, No. 1-2. (May 2003), pp. 163-177.</i><br /><br />A scheme, which can be readily used by fisheries and environmental managers and ecologists, has been developed for quantitatively classifying the different habitats found in nearshore marine waters along the heterogeneous lower west coast of Australia. Initially, 25 beach sites, representing a wide range of nearshore environments, were separated into six a priori habitat types on the basis of characteristics that could readily be observed and were likely to influence the extent to which a particular (fish) species occupies a particular habitat. Focus was thus placed on such features as the degree of exposure to wave activity and whether or not seagrass and/or reefs were present in the nearshore vicinity. Subsequently, quantitative data for 27 environmental variables, considered likely to characterise the six habitat types, were obtained for each of the 25 sites from readily accessible sources. When the latter data were subjected to multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination, the points for the sites representing only three of those six habitat types formed discrete groups. The routine in the v5.0 statistical package (Clarke & Gorley, Primer v5.0: User Manual/Tutorial, Primer-E Ltd, Plymouth, 2001) was thus used to select a subset of the 27 environmental variables that would provide a better resolution of the six a priori habitat types. This process involved matching the distance matrix constructed from the quantitative environmental data with a matrix constructed from scored data that reflected the criteria for the initial a priori classification scheme. A subset of seven environmental variables gave the best correlation between the two matrices ([rho]=0.823), and thus provided the optimal set of quantitative data for discriminating between the six a priori habitat types. These variables comprised both the direct and north-westerly fetches, the minimum distance from the shoreline to the 2 m depth contour, the distance from the shoreline to the first offshore reef chain along a south-westerly transect, and the relative contributions of bare sand, subtidal reef and seagrass. Data for these characteristics at any nearshore site along the coastline can readily be recorded by managers and ecologists and subjected to the `nearest-replicate' classification procedure developed in this study to ascertain the habitat type to which that site should be assigned. Current work is using MDS ordination, in conjunction with associated statistical tests and the routine, to elucidate the extent to which the compositions of assemblages of fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, meiofauna and zooplankton in nearshore waters along the lower west coast of Australia are related to habitat type(s). A user-friendly quantitative approach to classifying nearshore marine habitats along a heterogeneous coast FJ Valesini KR Clarke I Eliot IC Potter doi:10.1016/S0272-7714(02)00341-4 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 57, No. 1-2. (May 2003), pp. 163-177. 2007-08-28T17:09:09-00:00 2003 Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 57 1-2 163 177 australia clustering coastal ecosystem habitat nearshore typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/dimka/article/802311 <i>Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, Vol. 35 (2006), pp. 49-65.</i><br /><br />Over the past 10 years there has been tremendous success in the area of computational protein design. Protein design software has been used to stabilize proteins, solubilize membrane proteins, design intermolecular interactions, and design new protein structures. A key motivation for these studies is that they test our understanding of protein energetics and structure. De novo design of novel structures is a particularly rigorous test because the protein backbone must be designed in addition to the amino acid side chains. A priori it is not guaranteed that the target backbone is even designable. To address this issue, researchers have developed a variety of methods for generating protein-like scaffolds and for optimizing the protein backbone in conjunction with the amino acid sequence. These protocols have been used to design proteins from scratch and to explore sequence space for naturally occurring protein folds. Computer-based design of novel protein structures. GL Butterfoss B Kuhlman doi:10.1146/annurev.biophys.35.040405.102046 Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, Vol. 35 (2006), pp. 49-65. 2006-08-15T17:47:08-00:00 2006 Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 1056-8700 35 49 65 ab-initio structure typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/derchao/article/1284287 <i>Research Policy, Vol. 36, No. 3. (April 2007), pp. 399-417.</i><br /><br />Contributing to debates about transitions and system changes, this article has two aims. First, it uses criticisms on the multi-level perspective as stepping stones for further conceptual refinements. Second, it develops a typology of four transition pathways: transformation, reconfiguration, technological substitution, and de-alignment and re-alignment. These pathways differ in combinations of timing and nature of multi-level interactions. They are illustrated with historical examples. Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways Frank Geels Johan Schot doi:10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003 Research Policy, Vol. 36, No. 3. (April 2007), pp. 399-417. 2007-05-08T21:50:52-00:00 2007 Research Policy 36 3 399 417 pathways sociotehnical transition typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/dancingbarefoot/article/2659457 <i>(29 August 2002)</i><br /><br />This book presents the latest thinking on the nature and causes of language change. The authors consider how far changes in morphology (e.g. inflectional word endings) cause changes in syntax (e.g. word order). They examine such phenomena from the perspective of current syntactic and<br>psycholinguistic theory, in particular addressing the issues raised by the hypothesis that grammatical change is driven by how children acquire language. Syntactic Effects of Morphological Change (Oxford Linguistics) (29 August 2002) 2008-04-12T06:22:16-00:00 2002 Oxford University Press, USA linguistics morphology morphophonemic syntax typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/dancingbarefoot/article/1226982 <i></i><br /><br />Introduction 2. Critique of the notion of Sprachbund 3. Migration and language shift 4. Convenient fictions of areal linguistics and areal typology 5. Areal typology and the science of geography 6. Areal linguistics and sampling 6.1. Sampling of languages 6.2. Sampling of features 7. Sample areas 8. The areal distribution of some major typological features 8.1. Basic word order 8.2. Ergativity 8.3. Tense and aspect 9. Are statistical universals historical accidents? 10. The areal dimension of... Principles of Areal Typology Principles Areal 2007-04-14T23:10:45-00:00 linguistics typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/dancingbarefoot/article/158162 <i>(01 March 1999)</i><br /><br />What do all languages have in common, and what gives each language its individuality? These typological questions are fundamental to linguistic theory. This collection comprises original contributions from leading scholars of the major schools of contemporary typological research, from the Prague School to the Generative Grammar tradition. Each contributor presents the theoretical foundations and practical achievements of his or her approach to language typology; the whole provides a unique overview of a field characterized by its diversity. Approaches to Language Typology Masayoshi Shibatani (01 March 1999) 2005-04-11T00:58:02-00:00 1999 Oxford University Press linguistics typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/dancingbarefoot/article/158153 <i></i> Linguistic Typology Bernard Comrie 2005-04-11T00:46:18-00:00 linguistics typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/dancingbarefoot/article/1232677 <i></i><br /><br />this paper, I will show how an empiricist theory about the substance of phonology accounts in a coherent and typologically adequate way for the acquisition of speech. Typology and Acquisition in Functional and Arbitrary Phonology Paul Boersma 2007-04-17T19:21:09-00:00 linguistics ot phonology typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/copyculture/article/105595 <i>(01 April 2003)</i><br /><br />A cocktail party. A terrorist cell. Ancient bacteria. An international conglomerate. <br><br> All are networks, and all are a part of a surprising scientific revolution. Albert-L&aacuteszl&oacute Barab&aacutesi, the nation's foremost expert in the new science of networks, takes us on an intellectual adventure to prove that social networks, corporations, and living organisms are more similar than previously thought. Grasping a full understanding of network science will someday allow us to design blue-chip businesses, stop the outbreak of deadly diseases, and influence the exchange of ideas and information. Just as James Gleick brought the discovery of chaos theory to the general public, Linked tells the story of the true science of the future. Linked: How Everything Is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life Albert-Laszlo Barabasi (01 April 2003) 2005-02-27T02:19:34-00:00 2003 Plume Books network theory typology http://www.citeulike.org/user/Beto_Linguistics/article/458218 <i>(03 March 2005)</i><br /><br /> This book illustrates an approach to prosodic typology through the intonational phonology of thirteen typologically different languages and the transcription system of prosody known as Tones and Break Indices (ToBI). This is the first book introducing the history and principles of this system, and it covers European languages, Asian languages, an Australian aboriginal language, and an American Indian language. It is the first book on intonation that includes sound files on a CD-ROM. Prosodic Typology : The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing includes CD Sun-Ah Jun (03 March 2005) 2006-01-06T16:17:17-00:00 2005 Oxford University Press phonology prosody theory typology