Sun, 27 Jul 2008 06:06:25 BST CiteULike: AlfonsoVicenteSuarez's Sher http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/author/Sher CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/article/1402632 <i>J. Exp. Med., Vol. 204, No. 2. (19 February 2007), pp. 273-283.</i><br /><br />Although interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion is essential for control of most intracellular pathogens, host survival often also depends on the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), a cytokine known to counteract IFN-gamma effector functions. We analyzed the source of regulatory IL-10 in mice infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Unexpectedly, IFN-gamma-secreting T-bet+Foxp3- T helper type 1 (Th1) cells were found to be the major producers of IL-10 in these animals. Further analysis revealed that the same IL-10+IFN-gammagamma population displayed potent effector function against the parasite while, paradoxically, also inducing profound suppression of IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells. Although at any given time point only a fraction of the cells appeared to simultaneously produce IL-10 and IFN-gamma, IL-10 production could be stimulated in IL-10-IFN-gamma+ cells by further activation in vitro. In addition, experiments with T. gondii-specific IL-10+IFN-gamma+ CD4 clones revealed that although IFN-gamma expression is imprinted and triggered with similar kinetics regardless of the state of Th1 cell activation, IL-10 secretion is induced more rapidly from recently activated than from resting cells. These findings indicate that IL-10 production by CD4+ T lymphocytes need not involve a distinct regulatory Th cell subset but can be generated in Th1 cells as part of the effector response to intracellular pathogens. 10.1084/jem.20062175 Conventional T-bet+Foxp3- Th1 cells are the major source of host-protective regulatory IL-10 during intracellular protozoan infection Dragana Jankovic Marika Kullberg Carl Feng Romina Goldszmid Carmen Collazo Mark Wilson Thomas Wynn Masahito Kamanaka Richard Flavell Alan Sher doi:10.1084/jem.20062175 J. Exp. Med., Vol. 204, No. 2. (19 February 2007), pp. 273-283. 2007-06-21T15:11:34-00:00 2007 J. Exp. Med. 204 2 273 283 il-10-tcells http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/article/1119389 <i>Nature Reviews Immunology, Vol. 7, No. 3., pp. 179-190.</i> Cooperation of Toll-like receptor signals in innate immune defence Giorgio Trinchieri Alan Sher doi:10.1038/nri2038 Nature Reviews Immunology, Vol. 7, No. 3., pp. 179-190. 2007-02-23T22:17:07-00:00 Nature Reviews Immunology 1474-1733 7 3 179 190 Nature Publishing Group tlr-signaling