Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:14:56 BST CiteULike: AlfonsoVicenteSuarez's Smith http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/author/Smith CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/article/2319977 <i>J. Exp. Med., Vol. 203, No. 3. (20 March 2006), pp. 497-500.</i><br /><br />The surface of the intestinal mucosa is constantly assaulted by food antigens and enormous numbers of commensal microbes and their products, which are sampled by dendritic cells (DCs). Recent work shows that the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) are the key site for tolerance induction to food proteins and that they also act as a firewall to prevent live commensal intestinal bacteria from penetrating the systemic immune system. 10.1084/jem.20060227 Mesenteric lymph nodes at the center of immune anatomy Andrew Macpherson Karen Smith doi:10.1084/jem.20060227 J. Exp. Med., Vol. 203, No. 3. (20 March 2006), pp. 497-500. 2008-02-01T16:30:17-00:00 2006 J. Exp. Med. 203 3 497 500 anatomy-immune http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/article/1379191 <i>Nat Immunol, Vol. 4, No. 12. (December 2003), pp. 1247-1253.</i> Toll-like receptor 5 recognizes a conserved site on flagellin required for protofilament formation and bacterial motility Kelly Smith Erica Andersen-Nissen Fumitaka Hayashi Katie Strobe Molly Bergman Sara Barrett Brad Cookson Alan Aderem doi:10.1038/ni1011 Nat Immunol, Vol. 4, No. 12. (December 2003), pp. 1247-1253. 2007-06-11T19:04:45-00:00 2003 Nat Immunol 4 12 1247 1253 tlr5-flagellin http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/article/1378963 <i>Nature, Vol. 410, No. 6832. (26 April 2001), pp. 1099-1103.</i> The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5 Fumitaka Hayashi Kelly Smith Adrian Ozinsky Thomas Hawn Eugene Yi David Goodlett Jimmy Eng Shizuo Akira David Underhill Alan Aderem doi:10.1038/35074106 Nature, Vol. 410, No. 6832. (26 April 2001), pp. 1099-1103. 2007-06-11T16:37:08-00:00 2001 Nature 410 6832 1099 1103 tlr5-flagellin http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/article/1374793 <i>Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, Vol. 270 (2002), pp. 93-108.</i><br /><br />The innate immune system identifies the presence of infection by detecting structures that are unique to microbes and that are not expressed in the host. The bacterial flagellum (Latin, a whip) confers motility, on a wide range of bacterial species. Vertebrates, plants, and invertebrates all have evolved flagellar recognition systems that are activated by flagellin, the major component of the bacterial flagellar filament. In mammals, flagellin is recognized by Toll-like receptor-5 and activates defense responses both systemically and at epithelial surfaces. Here, we review the role for Toll-like receptor-5 in mediating the mammalian innate immune response to flagellin, and how this provides for defense against infections caused by many different species of flagellated bacteria. Toll-like receptor-5 and the innate immune response to bacterial flagellin. KD Smith A Ozinsky Curr Top Microbiol Immunol, Vol. 270 (2002), pp. 93-108. 2007-06-09T23:06:04-00:00 2002 Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 0070-217X 270 93 108 tlr5-flagellin http://www.citeulike.org/user/AlfonsoVicenteSuarez/article/1366434 <i>Nat Cell Biol, Vol. 4, No. 8. (August 2002), pp. 556-564.</i><br /><br />The duration of intracellular signalling is associated with distinct biological responses, but how cells interpret differences in signal duration are unknown. We show that the immediate early gene product c-Fos functions as a sensor for ERK1 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1) and ERK2 signal duration. When ERK activation is transient, its activity declines before the c-Fos protein accumulates, and under these conditions c-Fos is unstable. However, when ERK signalling is sustained, c-Fos is phosphorylated by still-active ERK and RSK (90K-ribosomal S6 kinase). Carboxy-terminal phosphorylation stabilizes c-Fos and primes additional phosphorylation by exposing a docking site for ERK, termed the FXFP (DEF) domain. Mutating the DEF domain disrupts the c-Fos sensor and c-Fos-mediated signalling. Other immediate early gene products that control cell cycle progression, neuronal differentiation and circadium rhythms also contain putative DEF domains, indicating that multiple sensors exist for sustained ERK signalling. Together, our data identify a general mechanism by which cells can interpret differences in ERK activation kinetics. Molecular interpretation of ERK signal duration by immediate early gene products. LO Murphy S Smith RH Chen DC Fingar J Blenis doi:10.1038/ncb822 Nat Cell Biol, Vol. 4, No. 8. (August 2002), pp. 556-564. 2007-06-05T22:04:41-00:00 2002 Nat Cell Biol 1465-7392 4 8 556 564 erk-il-10