Sun, 27 Jul 2008 06:13:13 BST CiteULike: acslab's categorization http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/tag/categorization CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/article/2703143 <i>Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, Vol. 28, No. 1. (January 2002), pp. 3-11.</i><br /><br />Categorization research typically assumes that the cognitive system has access to a (more or less noisy) representation of the absolute magnitudes of the properties of stimuli and that this information is used in reaching a categorization decision. However, research on identification of simple perceptual stimuli suggests that people have very poor representations of absolute magnitude information and that judgments about absolute magnitude are strongly influenced by preceding material. The experiments presented here investigate such sequence effects in categorization tasks. Strong sequence effects were found. Classification of a borderline stimulus was more accurate when preceded by a distant member of the opposite category than by a distant member of the same category. It is argued that this category contrast effect cannot be accounted for by extant exemplar or decision-bound models of categorization. The effect suggests the use of relative magnitude information in categorization. A memory and contrast model illustrates how relative magnitude information may be used in categorization. Sequence effects in categorization of simple perceptual stimuli. N Stewart GD Brown N Chater Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition, Vol. 28, No. 1. (January 2002), pp. 3-11. 2008-04-22T21:35:39-00:00 2002 Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition 0278-7393 28 1 3 11 categorization judgment perceptual-separability sequence-effect http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/article/2688285 <i>Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 3. (April 1997), pp. 251-295.</i><br /><br />Two parallel studies were performed with members of very different cultures--industrialized American and traditional Itzaj-Mayan--to investigate potential universal and cultural features of folkbiological taxonomies and inductions. Specifically, we examined how individuals organize natural categories into taxonomies, and whether they readily use these taxonomies to make inductions about those categories. The results of the first study indicate that there is a cultural consensus both among Americans and the Itzaj in their taxonomies of local mammal species, and that these taxonomies resemble and depart from a corresponding scientific taxonomy in similar ways. However, cultural differences are also shown, such as a greater differentiation and more ecological considerations in Itzaj taxonomies. In a second study, Americans and the Itzaj used their taxonomies to guide similarity- and typicality-based inductions. These inductions converge and diverge crossculturally and regarding scientific inductions where their respective taxonomies do. These findings reveal some universal features of folkbiological inductions, but they also reveal some cultural features such as diversity-based inductions among Americans, and ecologically based inductions among the Itzaj. Overall, these studies suggest that while building folkbiological taxonomies and using them for folkbiological inductions is a universal competence of human cognition there are also important cultural constraints on that competence. The Tree of Life: Universal and Cultural Features of Folkbiological Taxonomies and Inductions Alejandro López Scott Atran John Coley Douglas Medin Edward Smith doi:10.1006/cogp.1997.0651 Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 3. (April 1997), pp. 251-295. 2008-04-18T16:08:49-00:00 1997 Cognitive Psychology 32 3 251 295 categorization expertise http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/article/1560583 <i>Cognitive Science, Vol. 22, No. 2. ( 1998), pp. 189-228.</i><br /><br />Conceptual features differ in how mentally tranformable they are. A robin that does not eat is harder to imagine than a robin that does not chirp. We argue that features are immutable to the extent that they are central in a network of dependency relations. The immutability of a feature reflects how much the internal structure of a concept depends on that feature; i.e., how much the feature contributes to the concept's coherence. Complementarily, mutability reflects the aspects in which a concept is flexible. We show that features can be reliably ordered according to their mutability using tasks that require people to conceive of objects missing a feature, and that mutability (conceptual centrality) can be distinguished from category centrality and from diagnosticity and salience. We test a model of mutability based on asymmetric, unlabeled, pairwise dependency relations. With no free parameters, the model provides reasonable fits to data. Qualitative tests of the model show that mutability judgments are unaffected by the type of dependency relation and that dependency structure influences judgments of variability. Feature centrality and conceptual coherence Steven Sloman Bradley Love Woo-Kyoung Ahn doi:10.1016/S0364-0213(99)80039-1 Cognitive Science, Vol. 22, No. 2. ( 1998), pp. 189-228. 2007-08-14T15:21:45-00:00 1998 Cognitive Science 22 2 189 228 categorization conceptual-coherence http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/article/577224 <i>Commun. ACM, Vol. 49, No. 4. (April 2006), pp. 59-61.</i> Clustering versus faceted categories for information exploration Marti Hearst doi:10.1145/1121949.1121983 Commun. ACM, Vol. 49, No. 4. (April 2006), pp. 59-61. 2006-04-05T17:31:32-00:00 2006 Commun. ACM 0001-0782 49 4 59 61 ACM Press categorization exploratory-search