Thu, 07 Aug 2008 21:51:27 BST CiteULike: briordan's Creel http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/author/Creel CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2271020 <i>Cognition, Vol. 106, No. 2. (February 2008), pp. 633-664.</i><br /><br />Two experiments used the head-mounted eye-tracking methodology to examine the time course of lexical activation in the face of a non-phonemic cue, talker variation. We found that lexical competition was attenuated by consistent talker differences between words that would otherwise be lexical competitors. In Experiment 1, some English cohort word-pairs were consistently spoken by a single talker (male couch, male cows), while other word-pairs were spoken by different talkers (male sheep, female sheet). After repeated instances of talker-word pairings, words from different-talker pairs showed smaller proportions of competitor fixations than words from same-talker pairs. In Experiment 2, participants learned to identify black-and-white shapes from novel labels spoken by one of two talkers. All of the 16 novel labels were VCVCV word-forms atypical of, but not phonologically illegal in, English. Again, a word was consistently spoken by one talker, and its cohort or rhyme competitor was consistently spoken either by that same talker (same-talker competitor) or the other talker (different-talker competitor). Targets with different-talker cohorts received greater fixation proportions than targets with same-talker cohorts, while the reverse was true for fixations to cohort competitors; there were fewer erroneous selections of competitor referents for different-talker competitors than same-talker competitors. Overall, these results support a view of the lexicon in which entries contain extra-phonemic information. Extensions of the artificial lexicon paradigm and developmental implications are discussed. Heeding the voice of experience: The role of talker variation in lexical access Sarah Creel Richard Aslin Michael Tanenhaus doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.03.013 Cognition, Vol. 106, No. 2. (February 2008), pp. 633-664. 2008-01-22T02:03:20-00:00 2008 Cognition 106 2 633 664 eye-movements visual-world-paradigm