Sun, 27 Jul 2008 06:21:53 BST CiteULike: briordan's concrete-abstract http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/tag/concrete-abstract CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2817934 <i>Cognitive Development, Vol. 23, No. 2. ( 2008), pp. 291-312.</i><br /><br />Some accounts imply that basic-level emotion categories are acquired early and quickly, whereas others imply that they are acquired later and more gradually. Our study examined this question for fear, happiness, sadness, and anger in the context of children's categorization of emotional facial expressions. Children (N = 168, 2-5 years) first labeled facial expressions of six emotions and were then shown a box and asked to put all and only, e.g., scared people in it. Before using fear in labeling, children had begun to include [`]fear' faces and to exclude other (especially positive) faces from the fear box/category; after using fear, children continued to include other (especially negative) faces. The same pattern was observed for happiness, sadness, and anger. Emotion categories begin broad, including all emotions/faces of the same valence, and then gradually narrow over the preschool years. Children acquire emotion categories gradually Sherri Widen James Russell doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.01.002 Cognitive Development, Vol. 23, No. 2. ( 2008), pp. 291-312. 2008-05-20T23:18:30-00:00 2008 Cognitive Development 23 2 291 312 concrete-abstract word-learning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2754314 <i>Journal of Child Language, Vol. 35, No. 02. (2008), pp. 373-402.</i><br /><br />The objectives were to explore the often reported noun advantage in children's language acquisition using a picture naming paradigm and to explore the variables that affect picture naming performance. Participants in Experiment 1 were aged three and five years, and in Experiment 2, five years. The stimuli were action and object pictures. In Experiment 1, action pictures produced more errors than object pictures for the three-year-olds, but not the five-year-olds. A qualitative analysis of the errors revealed a somewhat different pattern of errors across age groups. In Experiment 2 there was no robust difference in accuracy for the actions and objects but naming times were longer for actions. Across both experiments, imageability was a robust predictor of object naming performance, while spoken frequency was the most important predictor of action naming. The results are discussed in terms of possible differences in the manner in which nouns and verbs are acquired. Object and action picture naming in three- and five-year-old children Jackie Masterson Judit Druks Donna Gallienne Journal of Child Language, Vol. 35, No. 02. (2008), pp. 373-402. 2008-05-04T18:02:33-00:00 2008 Journal of Child Language 35 02 373 402 concrete-abstract semantic-development semantic-organization http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2710165 <i>(2000)</i> Contextually Representing Abstract Concepts with Abstract Structures Katja Wiemer-Hastings Arthur Graesser (2000) 2008-04-23T20:38:27-00:00 2000 concrete-abstract distributional-similarity lsa http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2626376 <i></i> Language and simulation in conceptual processing Lawrence Barsalou Ava Santos Kyle Simmons Christine Wilson 2008-04-03T15:06:56-00:00 Oxford University Press concrete-abstract distributional-similarity fmri lexical-processing mental-lexicon semantic-features semantic-measures semantic-organization semantic-priming statistical-learning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2387821 <i>Brain and Language, Vol. 104, No. 2. (February 2008), pp. 145-158.</i><br /><br />Electrophysiological techniques were used to assess the generalizability of concreteness effects on word processing across word class (nouns and verbs) and different types of lexical ambiguity (syntactic only and combined syntactic/semantic). The results replicated prior work in showing an enhanced N400 response and a sustained frontal negativity to concrete as compared with abstract nouns. The effect of concreteness on the N400 generalized to all word class and ambiguity conditions, whereas the frontal effect was present for all word types except for the syntactically and semantically ambiguous items when these were used as verbs. The seemingly dissociable ERP effects of concreteness at frontal and central/posterior electrode sites revealed by these data suggest that concreteness may impact multiple aspects of neurocognitive processing. To watch, to see, and to differ: An event-related potential study of concreteness effects as a function of word class and lexical ambiguity Chia-Lin Lee Kara Federmeier doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.06.002 Brain and Language, Vol. 104, No. 2. (February 2008), pp. 145-158. 2008-02-16T03:08:13-00:00 2008 Brain and Language 104 2 145 158 concrete-abstract erps http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2326910 <i>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, Vol. 75, No. 1. (1 January 2004), pp. 61-71.</i><br /><br />Background: There are inconsistencies in published reports regarding the profile of cognitive impairments in vascular dementia, and its differentiation from Alzheimer's disease. Objectives: To identify the overall profile of cognitive impairment in subcortical vascular dementia as compared with Alzheimer's disease; and the tests which best discriminate between these groups. Methods: 57 subjects participated: 19 with subcortical vascular dementia, 19 with Alzheimer's disease, and 19 controls. The dementia groups were matched for age, education, and general levels of cognitive and everyday functioning. Subcortical vascular dementia was defined by clinical features (prominent vascular risk factors plus a previous history of transient ischaemic events or focal neurological signs) and substantial white matter pathology on magnetic resonance imaging. All subjects were given a battery of 33 tests assessing episodic and semantic memory, executive/attentional functioning, and visuospatial and perceptual skills. Results: Despite a minimal degree of overall dementia, both patient groups had impairments in all cognitive domains. The Alzheimer patients were more impaired than those with vascular dementia on episodic memory, while the patients with vascular dementia were more impaired on semantic memory, executive/attentional functioning, and visuospatial and perceptual skills. Logistic regression analyses showed that the two groups could be discriminated with 89% accuracy on the basis of two tests, the WAIS logical memory - delayed recall test and a silhouette naming test. Conclusions: Subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease produce distinctive profiles of cognitive impairment which can act as an adjunct to diagnosis. Many of the neuropsychological deficits thought to characterise Alzheimer's disease are also found in subcortical vascular dementia. Distinctive cognitive profiles in Alzheimer's disease and subcortical vascular dementia NL Graham T Emery JR Hodges J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, Vol. 75, No. 1. (1 January 2004), pp. 61-71. 2008-02-03T18:47:02-00:00 2004 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 75 1 61 71 concrete-abstract semantic-organization http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2326770 <i>Cognitive Neuropsychology, Vol. 11, No. 6. (1994), pp. 617-660.</i><br /><br />Normal subjects are better at identifying and remembering concrete as compared to abstract words (the concreteness effect). We present data on a patient, DM, who shows the opposite pattern. DM has a progressive semantic loss due to atrophic changes in his temporal lobes, particularly on the left. His semantic impairment predominantly involves object terms, with relative sparing of abstract nouns and most aspects of verb meaning. DM showed an advantage for abstract words on a wide range of tasks (e.g. producing definitions, synonymy judgments). These data challenge accounts that attribute the concreteness effect to a quantitative superiority at the level of the underlying conceptual representations. We suggest that there are qualitative differences between abstract and concrete concepts, and that, in particular, concrete concepts are more dependent on perceptual attributes that were disproportionately impaired in DM. We propose, further, that perceptual components of semantic representations are associated with structures in the inferior temporal lobe(s). Reversal of the concreteness effect in a patient with semantic dementia Sarah Breedin Eleanor Saffran Branch Coslett doi:10.1080/02643299408251987 Cognitive Neuropsychology, Vol. 11, No. 6. (1994), pp. 617-660. 2008-02-03T18:40:16-00:00 1994 Cognitive Neuropsychology 11 6 617 660 Psychology Press concrete-abstract semantic-organization http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2326768 <i>J. Cogn. Neurosci., Vol. 19, No. 8. (1 August 2007), pp. 1407-1419.</i><br /><br />In some contexts, concrete words (CARROT) are recognized and remembered more readily than abstract words (TRUTH). This concreteness effect has historically been explained by two theories of semantic representation: dual-coding [Paivio, A. Dual coding theory: Retrospect and current status. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 45, 255287, 1991] and context-availability [Schwanenflugel, P. J. Why are abstract concepts hard to understand? In P. J. Schwanenflugel (Ed.), The psychology of word meanings (pp. 223250). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1991]. Past efforts to adjudicate between these theories using functional magnetic resonance imaging have produced mixed results. Using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we reexamined this issue with a semantic categorization task that allowed for uniform semantic judgments of concrete and abstract words. The participants were 20 healthy adults. Functional analyses contrasted activation associated with concrete and abstract meanings of ambiguous and unambiguous words. Results showed that for both ambiguous and unambiguous words, abstract meanings were associated with more widespread cortical activation than concrete meanings in numerous regions associated with semantic processing, including temporal, parietal, and frontal cortices. These results are inconsistent with both dual-coding and context-availability theories, as these theories propose that the representations of abstract concepts are relatively impoverished. Our results suggest, instead, that semantic retrieval of abstract concepts involves a network of association areas. We argue that this finding is compatible with a theory of semantic representation such as Barsalou's [Barsalou, L. W. Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral & Brain Sciences, 22, 577660, 1999] perceptual symbol systems, whereby concrete and abstract concepts are represented by similar mechanisms but with differences in focal content. Neural Correlates of Concreteness in Semantic Categorization Penny Pexman Ian Hargreaves Jodi Edwards Luke Henry Bradley Goodyear J. Cogn. Neurosci., Vol. 19, No. 8. (1 August 2007), pp. 1407-1419. 2008-02-03T18:39:28-00:00 2007 J. Cogn. Neurosci. 19 8 1407 1419 concrete-abstract semantic-organization http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/98891 <i>Brain, Vol. 128, No. 3. (March 2005), pp. 615-627.</i> Abstract and concrete concepts have structurally different representational frameworks Sebastian Crutch Elizabeth Warrington doi:10.1093/brain/awh349 Brain, Vol. 128, No. 3. (March 2005), pp. 615-627. 2005-02-18T19:25:28-00:00 2005 Brain 0006-8950 128 3 615 627 Oxford University Press concrete-abstract semantic-association semantic-features semantic-organization