Sun, 27 Jul 2008 06:23:21 BST CiteULike: briordan's word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/tag/word-meaning CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/3022429 <i>(2008)</i> Verb Meaning and the Lexicon Gillian Ramchand (2008) 2008-07-20T13:02:44-00:00 2008 Cambridge University Press mental-lexicon semantic-organization word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2966766 <i>(1993)</i> English Verb Classes and Alternations: A Preliminary Study Beth Levin (1993) 2008-07-06T02:20:44-00:00 1993 University of Chicago Press general-linguistics word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/1179006 <i>PNAS, Vol. 99, No. 3. (5 February 2002), pp. 1742-1747.</i><br /><br />The lexicon consists of a set of word meanings and their semantic relationships. A systematic representation of the English lexicon based in psycholinguistic considerations has been put together in the database Wordnet in a long-term collaborative effort. We present here a quantitative study of the graph structure of Wordnet to understand the global organization of the lexicon. Semantic links follow power-law, scale-invariant behaviors typical of self-organizing networks. Polysemy (the ambiguity of an individual word) is one of the links in the semantic network, relating the different meanings of a common word. Polysemous links have a profound impact in the organization of the semantic graph, conforming it as a small world network, with clusters of high traffic (hubs) representing abstract concepts such as line, head, or circle. Our results show that: (i) Wordnet has global properties common to many self-organized systems, and (ii) polysemy organizes the semantic graph in a compact and categorical representation, in a way that may explain the ubiquity of polysemy across languages. 10.1073/pnas.022341799 Global organization of the Wordnet lexicon Mariano Sigman Guillermo Cecchi doi:10.1073/pnas.022341799 PNAS, Vol. 99, No. 3. (5 February 2002), pp. 1742-1747. 2007-03-21T11:52:01-00:00 2002 PNAS 99 3 1742 1747 semantic-organization word-meaning wordnet http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2878403 <i>Brain and Language, Vol. 106, No. 1. (July 2008), pp. 72-78.</i><br /><br />Allen [Allen, M. (2005). The preservation of verb subcategory knowledge in a spoken language comprehension deficit. Brain and Language, 95, 255-264.] reports a single patient, WBN, who, during spoken language comprehension, is still able to access some of the syntactic properties of verbs despite being unable to access some of their semantic properties. Allen claims that these findings challenge linguistic theories which assume that much of the syntactic behavior of verbs can be predicted from their meanings. I argue, however, that this conclusion is not supported by the data for two reasons: first, Allen focuses on aspects of verb syntax that are not claimed to be influenced by verb semantics; and second, he ignores aspects of verb syntax that are claimed to be influenced by verb semantics. A critique of Mark D. Allen's "The preservation of verb subcategory knowledge in a spoken language comprehension deficit" David Kemmerer doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.04.008 Brain and Language, Vol. 106, No. 1. (July 2008), pp. 72-78. 2008-06-10T01:07:47-00:00 2008 Brain and Language 106 1 72 78 noun-verb semantic-degradation semantic-organization word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2878400 <i>Brain and Language, Vol. 106, No. 1. (July 2008), pp. 15-28.</i><br /><br />An influential hypothesis regarding the neural basis of the mental lexicon is that semantic representations are neurally implemented as distributed networks carrying sensory, motor and/or more abstract functional information. This work investigates whether the semantic properties of words partly determine the topography of such networks. Subjects performed a visual lexical decision task while their EEG was recorded. We compared the EEG responses to nouns with either visual semantic properties (VIS, referring to colors and shapes) or with auditory semantic properties (AUD, referring to sounds). A time-frequency analysis of the EEG revealed power increases in the theta (4-7 Hz) and lower-beta (13-18 Hz) frequency bands, and an early power increase and subsequent decrease for the alpha (8-12 Hz) band. In the theta band we observed a double dissociation: temporal electrodes showed larger theta power increases in the AUD condition, while occipital leads showed larger theta responses in the VIS condition. The results support the notion that semantic representations are stored in functional networks with a topography that reflects the semantic properties of the stored items, and provide further evidence that oscillatory brain dynamics in the theta frequency range are functionally related to the retrieval of lexical semantic information. I see what you mean: Theta power increases are involved in the retrieval of lexical semantic information Marcel Bastiaansen Robert Oostenveld Ole Jensen Peter Hagoort doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2007.10.006 Brain and Language, Vol. 106, No. 1. (July 2008), pp. 15-28. 2008-06-10T01:04:33-00:00 2008 Brain and Language 106 1 15 28 semantic-organization word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2878318 <i>The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, Vol. 57, No. 7. (2004), pp. 1153-1171.</i><br /><br />Many models of the processing of printed or spoken words or objects or faces propose that systems of local representations of the forms of such stimulilexiconsexist. This is denied by partisans of the distributed-representation connectionist approach to cognitive modelling. An experimental paradigm of key theoretical importance here is lexical decision and its analogue in the domain of objects, object decision. How does each theoretical camp account for our ability to perform these two tasks? The localists say that the tasks are done by matching or failing to match a stimulus to a local representation in a lexicon. Advocates of distributed representations often do not seek to explain these two tasks; however, when they do, they propose that patterns of activation evoked in a semantic system can be used to discriminate between words and nonwords, or between real objects and false objects. Therefore the distributed-representation account of lexical and object decision tasks predicts that performance on these tasks can never be normal in patients with an impaired semantic system, nor in patients who cannot access semantics normally from the stimulus domain being tested. However, numerous such patients have been reported in the literature, indicating that semantic access is not needed for normal performance on these tasks. Such results support the localist form of modelling rather than the distributed-representation approach. Are there lexicons? Max Coltheart doi:10.1080/02724980443000007 The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, Vol. 57, No. 7. (2004), pp. 1153-1171. 2008-06-09T23:03:04-00:00 2004 The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 57 7 1153 1171 Psychology Press models semantic-degradation semantic-features semantic-organization word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2878312 <i>(2002)</i> The Big Book of Concepts Gregory Murphy (2002) 2008-06-09T22:56:41-00:00 2002 MIT Press semantic-features word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2878309 <i>(1999)</i> Knowledge Representation Arthur Markman (1999) 2008-06-09T22:55:03-00:00 1999 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. models semantic-features word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2878305 <i>(2004)</i> Cognitive Linguistics WA Croft DA Cruse (2004) 2008-06-09T22:50:35-00:00 2004 Cambridge University Press general-linguistics general-psycholinguistics textbook word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2878303 <i>(2006), pp. 403-453.</i> Semantic memory Beth Ober Gregory Shenaut (2006), pp. 403-453. 2008-06-09T22:45:57-00:00 2006 403 453 Elsevier semantic-degradation semantic-features semantic-measures semantic-organization semantic-priming word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2873816 <i>Machine Learning, Vol. 34, No. 1. (1 February 1999), pp. 71-105.</i><br /><br />This paper presents a model-based, unsupervised algorithm for recovering word boundaries in a natural-language text from which they have been deleted. The algorithm is derived from a probability model of the source that generated the text. The fundamental structure of the model is specified abstractly so that the detailed component models of phonology, word-order, and word frequency can be replaced in a modular fashion. The model yields a language-independent, prior probability distribution on all possible sequences of all possible words over a given alphabet, based on the assumption that the input was generated by concatenating words from a fixed but unknown lexicon. The model is unusual in that it treats the generation of a complete corpus, regardless of length, as a single event in the probability space. Accordingly, the algorithm does not estimate a probability distribution on words; instead, it attempts to calculate the prior probabilities of various word sequences that could underlie the observed text. Experiments on phonemic transcripts of spontaneous speech by parents to young children suggest that our algorithm is more effective than other proposed algorithms, at least when utterance boundaries are given and the text includes a substantial number of short utterances. An Efficient, Probabilistically Sound Algorithm for Segmentation and Word Discovery Michael Brent doi:10.1023/A:1007541817488 Machine Learning, Vol. 34, No. 1. (1 February 1999), pp. 71-105. 2008-06-08T18:10:36-00:00 1999 Machine Learning 34 1 71 105 bayesian cross-situational machine-learning models statistical-learning word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2822850 <i>(2008)</i> Cross-Linguistic Semantics Cliff Goddard (2008) 2008-05-22T11:17:36-00:00 2008 John Benjamins word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2813728 <i>(2008)</i> Syntactic Anchors: On Semantic Structuring Juan Uriagereka (2008) 2008-05-19T17:36:38-00:00 2008 Cambridge University Press word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2766902 <i>J Semantics, Vol. 25, No. 2. (1 May 2008), pp. 175-220.</i><br /><br />This paper describes a comprehensive survey of English verbs that semantically allow or require an Instrument role. It sheds light on the nature of Instrument roles and instrumentality by examining the distribution in semantic space of those verbs. We show first that verbs that semantically require instruments are typically semantically more complex than predicted by current theories of the structural complexity of verb meanings. We also show that verbs that require or allow instruments constrain the end states of situations they describe more than they constrain the agent's initial activity. Our survey further suggests that the causal role played by the instrument is more varied than suggested by previous studies and requires the introduction of a new subtype of causal relation, which we dub helping. Finally, our survey demonstrates that verbs that semantically require an instrument cluster together more closely in semantic space and constrain the instrument's (causal) role and properties more than verbs that merely allow the presence of an instrument. 10.1093/jos/ffm013 What with? The Anatomy of a (Proto)-Role Jean-Pierre Koenig Gail Mauner Breton Bienvenue Kathy Conklin doi:10.1093/jos/ffm013 J Semantics, Vol. 25, No. 2. (1 May 2008), pp. 175-220. 2008-05-07T16:06:39-00:00 2008 J Semantics 25 2 175 220 semantic-organization word-meaning http://www.citeulike.org/user/briordan/article/2646710 <i>Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 34, No. 1. (1 April 2000), pp. 205-215.</i> Do Word Meanings Exist? Patrick Hanks doi:10.1023/A:1002471322828 Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 34, No. 1. (1 April 2000), pp. 205-215. 2008-04-09T17:57:24-00:00 2000 Computers and the Humanities 34 1 205 215 word-meaning