CiteULike: camster's library [290 articles]

Friend or foe? Information technology and the London Stock Exchange since 1700

RC Michie — 2008-05-27T11:19:12-00:00

Journal of Historical Geography, Vol. 23, No. 3. (July 1997), pp. 304-326.

Lacking the obvious spatial co-ordinates of resources, people or industries, the geography of finance has been rather neglected until recently. Within the research that has been done, there is little treatment of securities markets and the forces determining their location over time. As financial markets were especially sensitive to information flows, communications must have played a major role in determining the location of stock exchanges. As the ability to communicate changed, due to improvements in the technology of transport and then telephony, this would have a major impact on both the securities market as a whole and the location of individual components. When did an integrated securities market emerge in Britain and then worldwide? Did improved communications allow trading to be centralized in London or permit its dispersal to other centres at home and abroad? More recently, has the removal of capacity constraints on information flows, due to the revolution in computing technology, have an even more profound impact on the securities market? Can one now refer to a global securities market devoid of location--an end of geography? As this paper shows, the historical experience can shed much light on the forces at work within the securities market, including that produced by changes in information technology. In addition, the historical evidence reveals the impotant role played by stock exchanges not only as organized markets, but as regulatory bodies. Thus, though trading might disappear within programmed electronic networks, linking offices worldwide, supervision is still required to be embedded within particular jurisdictions, and that necessitated specific locations--a re-ordering of geography?

Flor Peeters at 70

Jennifer Bate — 2008-05-08T13:17:41-00:00

The Musical Times, Vol. 114, No. 1560. (1973), pp. 185-186.

The Organ Music of Flor Peeters

John Lade — 2008-05-08T13:15:54-00:00

The Musical Times, Vol. 109, No. 1505. (1968), pp. 667-669.

Analysis of Separable Markov-Modulated Rate Models for Information-Handling Systems

Thomas Stern — 2008-04-30T11:11:04-00:00

Advances in Applied Probability, Vol. 23, No. 1. (1991), pp. 105-139.

In many communication and computer systems, information arrives to a multiplexer, switch or information processor at a rate which fluctuates randomly, often with a high degree of correlation in time. The information is buffered for service (the server typically being a communication channel or processing unit) and the service rate may also vary randomly. Accurate capture of the statistical properties of these fluctuations is facilitated by modeling the arrival and service rates as superpositions of a number of independent finite state reversible Markov processes. We call such models separable Markov-modulated rate processes (MMRP). In this work a general mathematical model for separable MMRPs is presented, focusing on Markov-modulated continuous flow models. An efficient procedure for analyzing their performance is derived. It is shown that the 'state explosion' problem typical of systems composed of a large number of subsystems, can be circumvented because of the separability property, which permits a decomposition of the equations for the equilibrium probabilities of these systems. The decomposition technique (generalizing a method proposed by Kosten) leads to a solution of the equilibrium equations expressed as a sum of terms in Kronecker product form. A key consequence of decomposition is that the computational complexity of the problem is vastly reduced for large systems. Examples are presented to illustrate the power of the solution technique.

Front Matter

2008-04-30T11:09:28-00:00

Advances in Applied Probability, Vol. 23, No. 1. (1991)

IEEE Spectrum: People Who Read This Article Also Read...

2008-03-07T12:51:18-00:00

Optimal boarding method for airline passengers

Jason Steffen — 2008-02-07T20:10:29-00:00

(6 Feb 2008)

Using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo optimization algorithm and a computer simulation, I find the passenger ordering which minimizes the time required to board the passengers onto an airplane. The model that I employ assumes that the time that a passenger requires to load his or her luggage is the dominant contribution to the time needed to completely fill the aircraft. The optimal boarding strategy may reduce the time required to board and airplane by over a factor of four and possibly more depending upon the dimensions of the aircraft. I explore some features of the optimal boarding method and discuss practical modifications to the optimal. Finally, I mention some of the benefits that could come from implementing and improved passenger boarding scheme.

Money and the Monetization of Credit

Martin Shubik — 2008-02-02T19:59:20-00:00

Social Science Research Network Working Paper Series (December 2001)

The relationship between money and credit is discussed in terms of network linkage. Fiat money is the only instrument with the universal recognition of its issuer. Near monies such as bank money and money substitutes such as gasoline credit cards can be classified in terms of their network links. This leads to a way of considering the velocity of money.

Visualizing tags over time

Micah Dubinko — 2006-06-07T10:19:39-00:00

(2006), pp. 193-202.

Referral Web: Combining Social Networks and Collaborative Filtering

Henry Kautz — 2004-11-22T00:17:30-00:00

Structural disorder serves as a weak signal for intracellular protein degradation.

P Tompa — 2007-11-16T17:00:07-00:00

Proteins (14 November 2007)

Targeted turnover of proteins is a key element in the regulation of practically all basic cellular processes. The underlying physicochemical and/or sequential signals, however, are not fully understood. This issue is particularly pertinent in light of the recent recognition that intrinsically unstructured/disordered proteins, common in eukaryotic cells, are extremely susceptible to proteolytic degradation in vitro. The in vivo half-lives of proteins were determined recently in a high-throughput study encompassing the entire yeast proteome; here we examine whether these half-lives correlate with the presence of classical degradation motifs (PEST region, destruction-box, KEN-box, or the N-terminal residue) or with various physicochemical characteristics, such as the size of the protein, the degree of structural disorder, or the presence of low-complexity regions. Our principal finding is that, in general, the half-life of a protein does not depend on the presence of degradation signals within its sequence, even of ubiquitination sites, but correlates mainly with the length of its polypeptide chain and with various measures of structural disorder. Two distinct modes of involvement of disorder in degradation are proposed. Susceptibility to degradation of longer proteins, containing larger numbers of residues in conformational disorder, suggests an extensive function, whereby the effect of disorder can be ascribed to its mere physical presence. However, after normalization for protein length, the only signal that correlates with half-life is disorder, which indicates that it also acts in an intensive manner, that is, as a specific signal, perhaps in conjunction with the recognition of classical degradation motifs. The significance of correlation is rather low; thus protein degradation is not determined by a single characteristic, but is a multi-factorial process that shows large protein-to-protein variations. Protein disorder, nevertheless, plays a key signalling role in many cases. Proteins 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Ion pairs and their role in modulating stability of cold- and warm-active uracil DNA glycosylase

Magne Olufsen — 2007-11-15T19:43:32-00:00

Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, Vol. 9999, No. 9999. (2007), NA.

MD simulations and continuum electrostatics calculations have been used to study the observed differences in thermostability of cold- and warm-active uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG). The present study focuses on the role of ion pairs and how they affect the thermal stability of the two enzymes. Analysis of the MD generated structural ensembles show that cod UDG (cUDG) and human UDG (hUDG) have 11 and 12 ion pairs which are present in at least 30% of the conformations. The electrostatic contribution of the ion pairs, computed using continuum electrostatics, is slightly more favorable in cUDG at 298 K. This is primarily attributed to more optimized interactions between the ion pairs and nearby dipoles/charges in cUDG. More global salt bridges are found in hUDG and are more stabilizing when compared to cUDG, possibly playing a role in maintaining overall stability and reducing conformational entropy. Both enzymes contain one three-member ionic network, but the one found in hUDG is far more stabilizing. Our results also suggest that care should be taken when performing statistical analysis of crystal structures with respect to ion pairs, and that crystallization conditions must be carefully examined when performing such analysis. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

N-linked glycosylation of the liver cancer biomarker GP73.

Pamela A Norton — 2007-11-16T16:52:14-00:00

J Cell Biochem (14 November 2007)

The association between elevated circulating levels of GP73 (and fucosylated GP73 in particular) and hepatocellular carcinoma suggests that a thorough analysis of the extent of GP73 glycosylation is warranted. Detailed analysis of the glycosylation patterns of such low abundance proteins are hampered by technical difficulties. Using conventional lectin affinity chromatography, we have established that three quarters of the GP73 secreted from a cell line derived from HCC is fucosylated. Using mass spectrometry, we have established that at least two of three potential sites of N-linked glycosylation are occupied on most molecules of GP73 secreted from cultured hepatoma cells. Furthermore, the oligosaccharides added to recombinant GP73 resemble those present in the bulk of secreted protein, mostly bi-antennary with core fucose, with a smaller fraction of tri- and tetra-antennary structures. The frequency of fucosylation observed on the recombinant protein agrees well with the pattern of lectin binding of the endogenous secreted protein. Finally, we have developed a method to interrogate the glycans added to either the near full length protein or at a particular sequon, providing proof of concept that a small peptide embedded in a heterologous context can preserve both fucosylation and a high level of branching of oligosaccharides added. J. Cell. Biochem. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Crystal structure of an archaeal specific DNA-binding protein (Ape10b2) from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Thirumananseri Kumarevel — 2007-11-16T16:51:41-00:00

Proteins (14 November 2007)

DNA binding proteins are essential in all organisms, and they play important roles in both compacting and regulating the genetic material. All thermophilic and hyperthermophilic archaea encode one or more copies of Alba or Sso10b, which is a small, abundant, basic protein that binds DNA. Here, we present the crystal structure of Ape10b2 from Aeropyrum pernix K1 at 1.70 A. Although the overall structure resembles the known Alba protein fold, a significant conformational change was observed in the loop regions. Specifically, the L5 loop is slightly longer, as compared to those of other known proteins, and the flexibility of this loop may facilitate the interaction with double stranded DNA. In addition, we showed that Ape10b2 binds to 16 and 39 bp duplex DNAs with high affinity. On the basis of our analyses, we have created a putative protein-DNA complex model. Proteins 2007. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The Social Meanings of Swearing: Workers and Bad Language in Late Imperial and Early Soviet Russia

SA Smith — 2005-10-17T02:12:29-00:00

Past and Present, No. 160. (August 1998), pp. 167-202.

A Unified Continuous Optimization Framework for Center-Based Clustering Methods

Marc Teboulle — 2007-11-14T15:59:05-00:00

Journal of Machine Learning Research, Vol. 8 (January 2007), pp. 65-102.

Center-based partitioning clustering algorithms rely on minimizing an appropriately formulated objective function, and different formulations suggest different possible algorithms. In this paper, we start with the standard nonconvex and nonsmooth formulation of the partitioning clustering problem. We demonstrate that within this elementary formulation, convex analysis tools and optimization theory provide a unifying language and framework to design, analyze and extend hard and soft center-based clustering algorithms, through a generic algorithm which retains the computational simplicity of the popular k-means scheme. We show that several well known and more recent center-based clustering algorithms, which have been derived either heuristically, or/and have emerged from intuitive analogies in physics, statistical techniques and information theoretic perspectives can be recovered as special cases of the proposed analysis and we streamline their relationships.

erlawys - Google Code

2007-11-11T11:44:23-00:00

Open Access to Research Funded by U.S. Is at Issue

2007-11-04T11:17:13-00:00

ONLamp.com -- Building Decision Trees in Python

2007-10-29T12:13:50-00:00

A BibTeX system in Common Lisp

2007-10-24T22:14:11-00:00

Spectrum-sliced Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry for measuring the chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber

JY Lee — 2007-10-11T10:21:27-00:00

Appl. Opt., Vol. 46, No. 29. (10 October 2007), pp. 7289-7296.

We present a novel spectrum-slicing method for measuring the chromatic dispersion of an optical fiber in Fourier-domain low-coherence interferometry. Broadband spectral interference data obtained from a low-coherence inteferometer is sliced with Gaussian window functions. Each sliced spectral datum is used to calculate a relative group delay with Fourier transformation at the peak wavelength of a narrow window function. We have demonstrated that our proposed method is very powerful and simple for measuring chromatic dispersion and second-order dispersion in optical fibers and optical devices. Comparison of the proposed method with a conventional measurement method agrees within 0.5%.

Review of The Access Principle

Scott Aaronson — 2007-10-04T16:20:18-00:00

Tagging Practices on Research Oriented Social Bookmarking Sites

Margaret Kipp — 2007-09-25T08:31:12-00:00

Tufte inspired LaTeX classes for producing handouts and papers

Bil Kleb — 2007-09-25T08:27:08-00:00

The Economist Style Guide, Eighth Edition (The Economist Series)

The Economist — 2007-09-24T10:02:12-00:00

(12 June 2003)

Rare is the style guide that a person--even a word person--would want to read cover to cover. But The Economist Style Guide, designed, as the book says, to promote good writing, is so witty and rigorous as to be irresistible. The book consists of three parts. The first is the Economist's style book, which acts as a position paper of sorts in favor of clear, concise, correct usage. The big no-noes listed in the book's introduction are: "Do not be stuffy.... Do not be hectoring or arrogant.... Do not be too pleased with yourself.... Do not be too chatty.... Do not be too didactic.... [And] do not be sloppy." Before even getting to the letter B, we are reminded that aggravate "means make worse, not irritate or annoy"; that an alibi "is the proven fact of being elsewhere, not a false explanation"; and that anarchy "means the complete absence of law or government. It may be harmonious or chaotic." Part 2 of the book describes many of the spelling, grammar, and usage differences between British and American English. While many Briticisms are familiar to most Americans and vice versa, there are some words--such as homely, bomb, and table--that take on quite different meanings altogether when they cross the Atlantic. And part 3 offers a handy reference to such information as common business abbreviations, accountancy ratios, the Beaufort Scale, commodity-trade classifications, currencies, laws, measures, and stock-market indices. The U.S. reader should be aware (but not scared off by the fact) that some of the style issues addressed are specifically British. --Jane Steinberg The Economist is renowned for the clarity, style, and precision of its writing. This new, expanded edition of a strong selling guide (over 400,000 sold to date internationally) is based on The Economist's own in-house style manual and gives general advice on writing, points out common errors and clich$es, offers guidance on punctuation, abbreviations, and capital letters, and contains an exhaustive range of reference material--covering everything from accountancy ratios and stock market indices to laws of nature and science.

Why you can't cite Wikipedia in my class

Neil Waters — 2007-09-24T09:14:37-00:00

Commun. ACM, Vol. 50, No. 9. (September 2007), pp. 15-17.

Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics

Eric Beinhocker — 2006-09-20T14:57:06-00:00

(01 June 2006)

In the Origin of Wealth, Eric Beinhocker offers a thorough and convincing new way to think about economic growth and business management. The author begins by exploring the roots of modern economic theory and ultimately declares it outmoded and wrong. Instead, he suggests, markets and growth can best be explained by drawing on the emerging field of complexity economics: the study of markets and social systems as complex adaptive systems. Although biological metaphors in business have become familiar (i.e., organizations are living organisms), Beinhocker moves beyond metaphor to explain the revolutions in science that will inevitably change the way we think about economics, competition, and business. The Origin of Wealth raises important questions such as: How can one create strategy in uncertain and fast moving environments? Why is it hard for large organizations to be innovative and how should we organize for better results? What role should governments play in this new era?

Newton's Cradle

Donald Simanek — 2007-09-23T09:42:54-00:00

Folksonomy as a Complex Network

Kaikai Shen — 2007-06-10T12:26:51-00:00

(23 Sep 2005)

Folksonomy is an emerging technology that works to classify the information over WWW through tagging the bookmarks, photos or other web-based contents. It is understood to be organized by every user while not limited to the authors of the contents and the professional editors. This study surveyed the folksonomy as a complex network. The result indicates that the network, which is composed of the tags from the folksonomy, displays both properties of small world and scale-free. However, the statistics only shows a local and static slice of the vast body of folksonomy which is still evolving.

The Structure of Information Networks

Jon Kleinberg — 2007-09-22T20:14:58-00:00

Undergraduate Course

An Analysis of the Skype Peer-to-Peer Internel Telephony Protocol

Salman Baset — 2006-02-02T16:12:18-00:00

(5 Dec 2004)

Skype is a peer-to-peer VoIP client developed by KaZaa in 2003. Skype claims that it can work almost seamlessly across NATs and firewalls and has better voice quality than the MSN and Yahoo IM applications. It encrypts calls end-to-end, and stores user information in a decentralized fashion. Skype also supports instant messaging and conferencing. This report analyzes key Skype functions such as login, NAT and firewall traversal, call establishment, media transfer, codecs, and conferencing under three different network setups. Analysis is performed by careful study of Skype network traffic.

Web Page Recommender System based on Folksonomy Mining for ITNG ’06 Submissions

S Niwa — 2006-08-02T01:26:54-00:00

Information Technology: New Generations, 2006. ITNG 2006. Third International Conference on (2006), pp. 388-393.

There have been many attempts to construct web page recommender systems using collaborative filtering. But the domains these systems can cover are very restricted because it is very difficult to assemble user preference data to web pages, and the number of web pages on the Internet is too large. In this paper, we propose the way to construct a new type of web page recommender system covering all over the Internet, by using Folksonomy and Social Bookmark which are getting very popular in these days.

MEG (Model Extender for Gepasi): a program for the modelling of complex, heterogeneous, cellular systems.

P Mendes — 2004-11-22T00:17:30-00:00

Bioinformatics, Vol. 17, No. 3. (March 2001), pp. 288-289.

SUMMARY: We describe a program for the construction of spatially distributed metabolic models, which may then be simulated using the metabolic simulator GEPASI: This is useful for the modelling of heterogeneous systems whether as liquid cultures or as spatially organised systems with specified interconnections.

Russian speakers get the blues - being-human

Roxanne Khamsi — 2007-05-01T12:11:15-00:00

New Scientist (1 May 2007)

The language you speak can affect how you see the world, a new study of colour perception indicates. Native speakers of Russian which lacks a single word for "blue" discriminated between light and dark blues differently from their English-speaking counterparts, researchers found.

Can relativity be considered complete ? From Newtonian nonlocality to quantum nonlocality and beyond

Nicolas Gisin — 2007-07-11T22:07:23-00:00

(20 Dec 2005)

We review the long history of nonlocality in physics with special emphasis on the conceptual breakthroughs over the last few years. For the first time it is possible to study "nonlocality without signaling" from the outside, that is without all the quantum physics Hilbert space artillery. We emphasize that physics has always given a nonlocal description of Nature, except during a short 10 years gap. We note that the very concept of "nonlocality without signaling" is totally foreign to the spirit of relativity, the only strictly local theory.

Tracking User Attention in Collaborative Tagging Communities

Elizeu Santos-Neto — 2007-05-09T18:20:18-00:00

(7 May 2007)

Collaborative tagging has recently attracted the attention of both industry and academia due to the popularity of content-sharing systems such as CiteULike, del.icio.us, and Flickr. These systems give users the opportunity to add data items and to attach their own metadata (or tags) to stored data. The result is an effective content management tool for individual users. Recent studies, however, suggest that, as tagging communities grow, the added content and the metadata become harder to manage due to an ease in content diversity. Thus, mechanisms that cope with increase of diversity are fundamental to improve the scalability and usability of collaborative tagging systems. This paper analyzes whether usage patterns can be harnessed to improve navigability in a growing knowledge space. To this end, it presents a characterization of two collaborative tagging communities that target scientific literature: CiteULike and Bibsonomy. We explore three main directions: First, we analyze the tagging activity distribution across the user population. Second, we define new metrics for similarity in user interest and use these metrics to uncover the structure of the tagging communities we study. The structure we uncover suggests a clear segmentation of interests into a large number of individuals with unique preferences and a core set of users with interspersed interests. Finally, we offer preliminary results that demonstrate that the interest-based structure of the tagging community can be used to facilitate content usage as communities scale.

Cooperative Multiagent Search for Portfolio Selection

David Parkes — 2007-03-17T09:50:44-00:00

We present a new multiagent model for the multi-period portfolio selection problem. Individual agents receive a share of initial wealth, and follow an investment strategy that adjusts their portfolio as they observe movements of the market over time. The agents share their wealth at the end of the final investment period. We show that a multiagent system can outperform a single agent that invests all the wealth in a simple stochastic market environment. Furthermore, a cooperative multiagent...

On the Wrong Line

Christian Wolmar — 2006-11-23T21:51:03-00:00

(05 September 2005)

Hierarchical Wrapper Induction for Semistructured Information Sources

Ion Muslea — 2006-09-18T00:05:46-00:00

Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Vol. 4, No. 1/2. (2001), pp. 93-114.

With the tremendous amount of information that becomes available on the Web on a daily basis, the ability to quickly develop information agents has become a crucial problem. A vital component of any Webbased information agent is a set of wrappers that can extract the relevant data from semistructured information sources. Our novel approach to wrapper induction is based on the idea of hierarchical information extraction, which turns the hard problem of extracting data from an arbitrarily...

To have and to hold: exploring the personal archive

Joseph Kaye — 2006-08-14T14:42:04-00:00

(2006), pp. 275-284.

ELF radio

DL Jones — 2006-06-05T23:53:00-00:00

100 Years of Radio, 1995., International Conference on (1995), pp. 101-106.

We give a brief overview of the various phenomena which may he observed in the ELF (extremely low frequency: 3 Hz to 3 kHz) spectral region, terrestrial ELF propagation theory, and discuss applications which make use of the unique characteristics of ELF propagation. The paper is addressed to a non-specialist audience. Our aim is to present a concise summary of the history of ELF to date and to identify books, seminal papers and reviews. Radio waves in the ELF band have been exploited since the 1920s. From these early years, interests in ELF were both practical and scientific. Practical applications of ELF terrestrial wave propagation through the Earth's atmosphere owe much to observations of the fields radiated by lightning

Streams, Structures, Spaces, Scenarios, Societies (5S): A Formal Model for Digital Libraries

Marcos Gon\ccalves — 2006-05-17T23:59:09-00:00

No. TR-03-04. (2003)

Robust portfolio selection problems

G Iyengar — 2006-05-13T09:26:08-00:00

In this paper we show how to formulate and solve robust portfolio selection problems. The objective of these robust formulations is to systematically combat the sensitivity of the optimal portfolio to statistical and modeling errors in the estimates of the relevant market parameters. We introduce "uncertainty structures" for the market parameters and show that the robust portfolio selection problems corresponding to these uncertainty structures can be reformulated as second-order cone programs...

Nature mag cooked Wikipedia study

2006-03-24T10:04:14-00:00

The Register

Collaborative tagging as a tripartite network

R Lambiotte — 2006-01-29T15:41:39-00:00

(29 Dec 2005)

We describe online collaborative communities by tripartite networks, the nodes being persons, items and tags. We introduce projection methods in order to uncover the structures of the networks, i.e. communities of users, genre families... To do so, we focus on the correlations between the nodes, depending on their profiles, and use percolation techniques that consist in removing less correlated links and observing the shaping of disconnected islands. The structuring of the network is visualised by using a tree representation. The notion of diversity in the system is also discussed.

Electronic notebooks A new leaf

Declan Butler — 2005-07-07T10:16:59-00:00

Nature, Vol. 436, No. 7047. (06 July 2005), pp. 20-21.

Psoriasis-like skin disease and arthritis caused by inducible epidermal deletion of Jun proteins

Rainer Zenz — 2005-09-14T17:42:02-00:00

Nature, Vol. 437, No. 7057., pp. 369-375.

Join a social revolution

2005-08-25T09:37:52-00:00

Nature, Vol. 436, No. 7054. (2005), pp. 1066-1066.

Computer-Aided Financial Analysis

Ross Miller — 2005-08-08T18:47:54-00:00

(01 January 1990)

A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of Annoyance from Low Frequency Noise Installations in an Urban Environment

Persson — 2005-08-07T05:04:14-00:00

Noise and Health, Vol. 5, No. 20., pp. 35-46.

In order to improve the living conditions for respondents highly exposed to traffic noise, it has been recommended that one side of the building should face a "quiet side". Quiet may, however, be spoilt by noise from installations such as ventilation and air-conditioning systems. The noises generated by installations of this kind often have a dominant portion of low frequencies (20-200 Hz) and may be a source of great annoyance and sleep disturbance. This paper describes the cross-sectional part of an intended intervention study among residents exposed to traffic noise on one side of the building and to low frequency noise from installations on the other side of the building. A questionnaire masked as a general living environment study was delivered to a randomly selected person in each household. In total 41 respondents answered the questionnaire (71% response rate). Noise from installations was measured indoors in a bedroom facing the courtyard in a selection of apartments and outdoors in the yard. 24h traffic noise outdoor and indoor levels were calculated. The noise levels from installations were slightly above or at the Swedish recommendations for low frequency noise indoors with the window closed and exceeded the recommendations by about 10 dB SPL when the window was slightly opened. The proportion of persons who reported that they were very or extremely annoyed indoors from noise from installations was more than twice as high as for traffic noise. Installation noise also affected respondents' willingness to have their windows open and to sleep with an open window. The high disturbance of installation noises found in this study indicates the importance of also regulating the noise exposure on the "quiet side" of buildings. Further studies will give a better base for the extent of annoyance and acceptable levels of installation noises.