Sat, 19 Jul 2008 03:04:20 BST CiteULike: dcastro's array http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/tag/array CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/3015401 <i>Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, 2007 IEEE (2007), pp. 5889-5892.</i><br /><br />In this paper it is demonstrated that the active instead of the passive antenna reflection coefficient is the key parameter in realizing low-noise receiver designs. Applying the active antenna impedance to achieve noise match in receiving array antennas R Maaskant EEM Woestenburg doi:10.1109/APS.2007.4396892 Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, 2007 IEEE (2007), pp. 5889-5892. 2008-07-17T19:46:39-00:00 2007 Antennas and Propagation International Symposium, 2007 IEEE 5889 5892 active antenna array impedance matching noise receiving http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/3015399 <i>Millimeter Waves, 2008. GSMM 2008. Global Symposium on (2008), pp. 154-156.</i><br /><br />Applications of millimeter-wave radar, imaging and communication technology requires cost effective implementation of intelligent scanning antenna systems. This paper presents the design and measurement results of a new type nonlinear antenna array based on Injection-locking theory. The required phase relation for each array element is obtained by electronic tuning through injection-locking technique, and the beam-scanning capability is demonstrated, so a shifterless beam scanning method is proposed, and an 1×4 element phase array verifies its feasibility. A New Type Nonlinear Antenna Array Design Gao Weiliang Jiang Yonghua Ling Xiang Li Jun doi:10.1109/GSMM.2008.4534584 Millimeter Waves, 2008. GSMM 2008. Global Symposium on (2008), pp. 154-156. 2008-07-17T19:46:35-00:00 2008 Millimeter Waves, 2008. GSMM 2008. Global Symposium on 154 156 active antenna array nonlinear http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2988899 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 7. (2003), pp. 1815-1821.</i><br /><br />To demonstrate and investigate the possibilities of active antennas with digital beamforming, a compact breadboard model operating in C-band with planar patches as radiators is fabricated and measured. It was originally designed as a technology demonstrator for navigation purposes, but will be extended for future use in combined navigation and communication systems. Several parameters for beam position, sidelobe reduction, and ing are set and controlled by a suitable user interface. A special calibration and error-correction procedure is developed to compensate for drift of active elements, mutual coupling of the patches, and finite-ground plane effects. The excellent results demonstrate the versatile features of digital beamforming for satellite navigation and communication systems. Antenna and receiver system with digital beamforming for satellite navigation and communications A Dreher N Niklasch F Klefenz A Schroth doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.814309 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 7. (2003), pp. 1815-1821. 2008-07-11T15:20:05-00:00 2003 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 51 7 1815 1821 antenna array beamformer communication digital navigation satellite http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2923560 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter, IEEE, Vol. 25, No. 2. (1983), pp. 4-9.</i> Low sidelobe phased array antennas H Schrank Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter, IEEE, Vol. 25, No. 2. (1983), pp. 4-9. 2008-06-24T12:41:02-00:00 1983 Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter, IEEE 25 2 4 9 antenna array design phased http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2883716 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 47, No. 5. (1999), pp. 862-869.</i><br /><br />This paper presents a new pattern synthesis algorithm for arbitrary arrays based on adaptive array theory. With this algorithm, the designer can efficiently control both mainlobe shaping and sidelobe levels. The element weights optimize a weighted L₂ norm between desired and achieved patterns. The values of the weighting function in the L₂ norm, interpreted as imaginary jammers as in Olen and Compton's (1990) method, are iterated to minimize exceedance of the desired sidelobe levels and minimize the absolute difference between desired and achieved mainlobe patterns. The sidelobe control can be achieved by iteration only on sidelobe peaks. In comparison to Olen and Compton's method, the new algorithm provides a great improvement in mainlobe shaping control. Example simulations, including both nonuniform linear and planar arrays, are shown to illustrate the effectiveness of this algorithm Pattern synthesis for arbitrary arrays using an adaptive array method Philip Zhou MA Ingram doi:10.1109/8.774142 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 47, No. 5. (1999), pp. 862-869. 2008-06-11T20:14:58-00:00 1999 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on 47 5 862 869 adaptive antenna array pattern synthesis http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2877934 <i>Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93., 1993 IEEE International Conference on, Vol. 4 (1993), pp. 153-156 vol.4.</i><br /><br />The use antenna arrays in cellular code division multiple access mobile communications is studied. Techniques to localize each mobile within the cell and to generate tracking adaptive receive (and transmit) beams are addressed. The authors show that such enhancement of the CDMA system results in increased system capacity and improved robustness to power control errors. Preliminary simulation results are presented for capacity and robustness improvements for typical scenarios Performance of CDMA mobile communication systems using antenna arrays B Suard AF Naguib G Xu A Paulraj doi:10.1109/ICASSP.1993.319617 Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93., 1993 IEEE International Conference on, Vol. 4 (1993), pp. 153-156 vol.4. 2008-06-09T19:24:43-00:00 1993 Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 1993. ICASSP-93., 1993 IEEE International Conference on 4 153 156 vol.4 antenna array cdma mobile http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2839849 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005 IEEE MTT-S International (2005), 4 pp..</i><br /><br />A novel N-port series divider based on a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) supporting a wave with an infinite wavelength is presented. This novel divider evenly divides power in phase to an infinite number of ports at its infinite wavelength frequency. In addition, it is shown that the novel series divider's performance is not dependent on the location of its output ports. The basic operating principle is based on the fact that a CRLH TL is able to support a wave with an infinite wavelength. As a result, all points along the CRLH TL have the same magnitude and phase. A 3-port series divider consisting of a 8 unit-cell CRLH TL is shown to exhibit 0.22 dB maximum magnitude difference and 1.32/spl deg/ maximum phase difference between output ports at its infinite wavelength frequency. In addition, a 5-port series divider consisting of a 13 unit-cell CRLH TL is fabricated and shown to exhibit 0.30 dB maximum magnitude difference and 6.3/spl deg/ maximum phase difference between output ports at its infinite wavelength frequency. Both simulation and experimental results are shown to support the authors' claims. A novel N-port series divider using infinite wavelength phenomena A Lai KMKH Leong T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2005.1516834 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005 IEEE MTT-S International (2005), 4 pp.. 2008-05-28T06:43:47-00:00 2005 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2005 IEEE MTT-S International 4 pp. array metamaterial http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2839846 <i>Microwave Conference, 2006. APMC 2006. Asia-Pacific (2006), pp. 1060-1066.</i><br /><br />In this paper, a free space power combining oscillator antenna array using a metamaterial based injection locking coupling network is described and demonstrated. The unique metamaterial series coupling network utilizes the infinite wavelength phenomenon which allows it to support an infinitely long wave at a non-zero frequency. It is demonstrated that equal phase/amplitude oscillator synchronization can be achieved without regards to the antenna element spacing in the array. A small scale prototype oscillator array is designed to have compact, non-uniform element spacing to demonstrate the concept. An EIRP of 18 dBm at 2.37 GHz is measured. Power combining oscillator array using metamaterial based injection locking coupling network KMK Leong A Lai T Itoh doi:10.1109/APMC.2006.4429592 Microwave Conference, 2006. APMC 2006. Asia-Pacific (2006), pp. 1060-1066. 2008-05-28T06:43:38-00:00 2006 Microwave Conference, 2006. APMC 2006. Asia-Pacific 1060 1066 active array metamaterial oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2836648 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 22, No. 1. (1974), pp. 74-78.</i><br /><br />A new class of antennas using microstrips to form the feed networks and radiators is presented in this communication. These antennas have four distinct advantages: 1) cost, 2) performance, 3) ease of installation, and 4) the low profile conformal design. The application of these antennas is limited to small bandwidths. Phased arrays using these techniques are also discussed. Conformal microstrip antennas and microstrip phased arrays R Munson Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 22, No. 1. (1974), pp. 74-78. 2008-05-27T07:06:32-00:00 1974 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] 22 1 74 78 antenna array microstrip phased http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2813996 <i></i> TÉCNICAS DE PROCESADO DE SEÑAL BASADAS EN MÚLTIPLES ANTENAS PARA REDES INALÁMBRICAS CON MODULACICONES OFDM Marcel Agostinho Antonio Iserte 2008-05-19T19:40:31-00:00 array mimo ofdm http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2813991 <i></i> SDR ARCHITECTURE IDEALLY SUITED FOR EVOLVING 802.16 WIMAX STANDARDS AND FOR ADAPTIVE ARRAY PROCESSING Michael Komara 2008-05-19T19:35:44-00:00 adaptive array processing software wimax http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2813988 <i></i> SIMULACIÓN DE PROCEDIMIENTOS DE MEDIDA DE DIAGRAMAS DE ANTENAS INTELIGENTES Esther Arias Leandro 2008-05-19T19:32:45-00:00 antenna array simulation smart http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2809064 <i>Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1997. IEEE 1997 Canadian Conference on, Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 347-350 vol.1.</i><br /><br />We present a new computationally efficient time-varying multi-path vectorial channel simulator that can be used to evaluate the performance of antenna array wireless receivers challenged by fast fading. The development of the simulator is based on the emulation of the spatio-temporal correlation properties of the vector channel. The channel is modeled as a multi-channel FIR system with time-varying coefficients which are obtained via the application of a space-time correlation shaping transformation on some, independent random sequences. The various parts of the new simulator are described and chained simulation realizations are presented and commented on On the simulation of multi-path vectorial channels for the evaluation of antenna array systems A Stephenn B Champagne doi:10.1109/CCECE.1997.614860 Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1997. IEEE 1997 Canadian Conference on, Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 347-350 vol.1. 2008-05-18T14:04:37-00:00 1997 Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1997. IEEE 1997 Canadian Conference on 1 347 350 vol.1 antenna array channel multipath simulation http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801966 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1999), pp. 655-658 vol.2.</i><br /><br />A novel retrodirective array with intrinsic gain has been developed and demonstrated successfully for the first time. Each heterodyne scattering element employs a balanced FET mixer, which provides effective isolation between RF and IF signals with identical frequencies to realize phase conjugation. A 4-element array has been fabricated, which demonstrated excellent retrodirectivity A retrodirective array using balanced quasi-optical FET mixers with conversion gain RY Miyamoto Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1999.779846 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1999), pp. 655-658 vol.2. 2008-05-15T15:11:14-00:00 1999 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1999 IEEE MTT-S International 2 655 658 vol.2 array fet gain mixer http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801488 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 44, No. 2. (1996), pp. 326-330.</i><br /><br />With the advance of high speed laser technology, optical interaction with microwave circuits has become highly viable. Such interaction is advantageous as the fiber is low-loss, lightweight, and immune to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, interaction of direct-modulated and gain-switched optical links with active antenna phased array systems is demonstrated. In the direct-modulated optical system, the RF signal directly modulates the DFB laser. In the gain-switched optical system, the laser is gain-switched to function as a RF frequency doubler. The modulated signal is transmitted via an optical fiber and recovered at the receiving end by a high-speed photodetector. The recovered RF is then injected into the active antenna phased array systems as an injection-locking reference signal. Two active antenna systems are used for this demonstration: beam-switching and Doppler transceiver Use of direct-modulated/gain-switched optical links in monopulse-type active phased array systems Siou Chew DTK Tong MC Wu T Itoh doi:10.1109/22.481583 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 44, No. 2. (1996), pp. 326-330. 2008-05-15T12:22:28-00:00 1996 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 44 2 326 330 active array phased http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801483 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 42, No. 4. (1994), pp. 734-741.</i><br /><br />Two-dimensional quasi-optical power-combining arrays are designed by using strongly coupled oscillators. The oscillators are connected by a microstrip coupling line for strong coupling. Two types of connections are discussed. One is the line-structure and the other is the loop-structure. The oscillation modes of the coupled oscillators for these two types of configurations are analyzed and compared. The experimental results for circuits with different configurations are compared to the theoretical results. The application of these two types of connections in the two-dimensional array is discussed. A multilayer (3-D) structure is employed in the circuit design to accommodate the complex layout of the two-dimensional arrays. A 4×4 power-combining array in multilayer structure is demonstrated Two-dimensional quasi-optical power-combining arrays using strongly coupled oscillators J Lin T Itoh doi:10.1109/22.285088 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 42, No. 4. (1994), pp. 734-741. 2008-05-15T12:21:02-00:00 1994 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 42 4 734 741 array oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801482 <i>Millimeter Waves, 1997 Topical Symposium on (1997), pp. 137-140.</i><br /><br />This paper presents FDTD simulation and measurement results for a microstrip-fed Yagi-Uda slot array antenna used for surface wave excitation of a dielectric slab. Parameters investigated are input return loss, surface wave field profiles, front-to-back ratio and mutual coupling. The FDTD simulation not only confirms the design philosophy of our planar dielectric quasi-optical (PDQ) power combiner, but also provides a powerful CAD tool for its practical design and optimization at millimeter wavelengths Surface wave excitation of a dielectric slab by a Yagi-Uda slot array antenna-FDTD simulation and measurement Yongxi Qian AR Perkons T Itoh doi:10.1109/TSMW.1997.702490 Millimeter Waves, 1997 Topical Symposium on (1997), pp. 137-140. 2008-05-15T12:21:01-00:00 1997 Millimeter Waves, 1997 Topical Symposium on 137 140 array fdtd measurement simulation surface wave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801479 <i>Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 71, No. 11. (1983), pp. 1295-1320.</i><br /><br />Since its development in the 1960's, the technique of obtaining high-resolution radio images of astronomical objects using Fourier synthesis has advanced sufficiently so that today such images often provide better angular resolution than is obtainable with the largest optical telescopes. A synthesis array measures the Fourier transform of the observed brightness distribution by cross-correlating the signals from antennas separated by distances up to tens of kilometers. The antennas must be equipped with low-noise receiving systems and connected together by phase-stable transmission links. Wide-bandwidth digital correlators are used to perform the cross correlation. The data-reduction algorithms and computing system play a critical role in determining the quality of the images produced by the array. The Very Large Array (VLA) synthesis telescope, recently constructed in New Mexico, consists of twenty-seven 25-m-diameter antennas arranged in a Y-shaped array. Each arm of the Y is approximately 21 km long and the antetmas can be moved to various positions on the arms by a rail-mounted transporter. The antennas are equipped with cryogenically cooled receiving systems and are interconnected by low-loss, TE<inf>01</inf>-mode, large-diameter waveguide. The cross-correlation products for each of the 351 pair combinations of antennas are measured for 4 IF signals by a 50-MHz bandwidth digital correlator. In this paper we discuss the design of synthesis arrays in general, and describe the design and performance of the VLA in particular, under the seven headings: array geometry design, sensitivity considerations, phase stability requirements, signal transmission system, delay and correlator system, control system, and data-reduction requirments. In each section, we review the underlying instrumental requirements and provide details of how the VLA was designed to meet them. Recently developed data-reduction algorithms provide effective ways of correcting synthesis images for the effects of missing Fourier components and instrumental and atmospheric amplitude and phase errors. The power of these algorithms is demonstrated using actual VLA images. The very large array: Design and performance of a modern synthesis radio telescope PJ Napier AR Thompson RD Ekers Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 71, No. 11. (1983), pp. 1295-1320. 2008-05-15T12:19:07-00:00 1983 Proceedings of the IEEE 71 11 1295 1320 antenna array http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801478 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1541-1544 vol.3.</i><br /><br />In this paper, an antenna array system with self-calibration capability to the antenna element position errors is proposed. The essential concept of self-calibration is to detect the element positions by using near field reference sources. The estimated position information is further substituted into the beamforming process to correct the distorted pattern of the antenna array. To validate the proposed concept, a test bed with a "distorted" eight element array is set up. With the proposed calibration architecture, the estimation of the position errors is within 7% of the free space wavelength. Based on the estimation information, the array pattern can thus be synthesized. A self-calibration antenna array system with moving apertures Weijun Yao Yuanxun Wang T Itoh Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1541-1544 vol.3. 2008-05-15T12:19:03-00:00 2003 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International 3 1541 1544 vol.3 antenna array http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801475 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest (1993), pp. 1616-1619 vol.3.</i><br /><br />The authors report the design and experimental data of a prototype of an optically controlled uniplanar active integrated antenna array. The active antenna circuit consists of two negative-resistance oscillators with two slots. As the transmission line, the CPW (coplanar waveguide) is used to realize the uniplanar active antenna array. The tuning of operating frequencies was carried out by illumination. Measured antenna patterns are presented. An optical tuning range of 70 MHz around 8.8 GHz was obtained Optical control on 2-element CPW active integrated antenna array with strong coupling S Kawasaki T Itoh doi:10.1109/APS.1993.385507 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest (1993), pp. 1616-1619 vol.3. 2008-05-15T12:18:44-00:00 1993 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest 1616 1619 vol.3 active array coupling integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801467 <i>Potentials, IEEE, Vol. 22, No. 3. (2003), pp. 16-21.</i><br /><br />Antenna arrays are individual radiating elements combined so that they function and perform like a single large antenna. Besides high radiating beam directionality, antenna arrays offer the capability to scan the main beam and control sidelobe radiation electronically. Retrodirective antenna arrays, as the name suggests, have a special feature. When receiving a signal from an unspecified direction, the array can automatically transmit a signal response to that same direction without any previous knowledge of the source direction. This function is performed automatically without the use of phase-shifters or digital circuitry. Compared to other array antennas that rely on digital signal processing (DSP) for beam direction control, this approach is much simpler and potentially faster because digital calculation is not needed. The automatic beam control nature of retrodirective arrays is well suited for RFID (radio frequency identification) and microwave tracking beacon applications. The article discusses the basic functionality as well as the ongoing research efforts and developments in retrodirective array architectures. Self-phasing attributes of different arrays are presented, as well as their applicability in practical communication systems. Moving forward in retrodirective antenna arrays KMKH Leong RY Miyamoto T Itoh doi:10.1109/MP.2003.1232308 Potentials, IEEE, Vol. 22, No. 3. (2003), pp. 16-21. 2008-05-15T12:15:00-00:00 2003 Potentials, IEEE 22 3 16 21 antenna array http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801465 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest (1993), pp. 664-667 vol.2.</i><br /><br />A theory based on the average potential method is presented to explain this phenomenon. The analysis of the stable modes shows that it is possible to control the mode by suitable design of the circuit. This active antenna array generates the sum pattern when the two units are connected by a metal strip. Instead of the chip resistor and the metal strip, appropriate devices may be used in the circuit to switch the modes and the radiation pattern can be changed electronically Mode switch in a two-element active array J Lin T Itoh S Nogi doi:10.1109/APS.1993.385259 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest (1993), pp. 664-667 vol.2. 2008-05-15T12:14:47-00:00 1993 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest 664 667 vol.2 active array http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801461 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 4. (2003), pp. 756-765.</i><br /><br />We present the analysis and design of a microstrip antenna array with a conical beam. The antenna array employs a periodic structure derived from a microstrip on a perforated ground plane. The microstrip antenna array consists of eight leaky lines evenly distributed around a circle. Each line radiates mainly a pair of forward and backward beams, forming a conical beam. The new leaky line design employs the concept of space-harmonic modulation on the EH/sub 0/ mode launched at the common joint of the antenna array. The scattering and dispersion characteristics of the leaky line are thoroughly investigated. It is theoretically and experimentally validated that the perturbation of the photolithographically etched antisymmetric holes excites the leaky EH/sub 1/ mode. Scattering analyses of the surface currents on the microstrip reveal in detail the physical operation of the leaky line. The dispersion characteristics are, thus, established and shown in a Brillouin diagram, indicating the role of each space harmonic, denoted by its complex propagation constant, /spl gamma//sub m,n//sup /spl plusmn//. Constant /spl gamma//sub m,n//sup /spl plusmn// represents a traveling-wave component of the nth higher-order spatial component in association with the EH/sub m/ mode: the superscript, + (-), signifies a forward (backward) traveling wave. For the particular leaky line design, /spl gamma//sub 0,-1//sup +/ and /spl gamma//sub 1,0//sup +/ space harmonics, both showing odd-symmetric field polarization, and both outside the triangular Brillouin region, form the backward and forward leaky waves, respectively. When the leaky lines are evenly and collinearly tied, an 11.5 GHz radial antenna array prototype is formed, and emits a conical beam, showing a 3 dB beamwidth of 24/spl deg/ at the flare angle of 31/spl deg/. A periodic microstrip radial antenna array with a conical beam Kuo-Cheng Chen Yongxi Qian CKC Tzuang T Itoh doi:10.1109/TAP.2003.811064 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 4. (2003), pp. 756-765. 2008-05-15T12:14:36-00:00 2003 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on 51 4 756 765 antenna array microstrip periodic http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801458 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1677-1680 vol.3.</i><br /><br />A 60 GHz integrated four-element planar antenna array is developed. Each antenna is integrated with a sub-harmonic I/Q mixer based on APDPs for the convenience of high-speed signal processing such as adaptive beamforming. An average conversion loss of four channels of less than 10.6 dB is achieved. Amplitude imbalance and phase deviation between I and Q outputs of each channel are less than 2.5 dB and 7/spl deg/, respectively. The array is used to construct a digital beamforming system along with an IF circuit block and DSP modules. Beam scanning results are successfully demonstrated. A 60 GHz integrated antenna array for high-speed digital beamforming applications Ji-Yong Park Yuanxun Wang T Itoh Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1677-1680 vol.3. 2008-05-15T12:12:54-00:00 2003 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International 3 1677 1680 vol.3 active antenna array beamformer integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801457 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002. IEEE, Vol. 4 (2002), pp. 562-565 vol.4.</i><br /><br />Both K-band (20 GHz) and Q-band (44 GHz) passive linear arrays using quasi-Yagi antenna elements are presented. No scan-blindness is observed when the beam is steered 55 degrees from broadside for an inter-element spacing of 0.4/spl lambda/ at X-band. Broad bandwidth of 50% is observed at X-band while both K and Q-band arrays demonstrate over 30% bandwidth (VSWR<2). Measured radiation patterns in four-element linear arrays show well-defined endfire main beams with first sidelobe levels better than -12 dB, cross polarization levels better than -15 dB, and array gains of 8-10 dB across the entire operating band. High performance K- and Q-band quasi-Yagi linear arrays T Nishio Y Wang Y Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/APS.2002.1017047 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002. IEEE, Vol. 4 (2002), pp. 562-565 vol.4. 2008-05-15T12:12:50-00:00 2002 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002. IEEE 4 562 565 vol.4 array http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801452 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 43, No. 2. (1995), pp. 267-271.</i><br /><br />The performance of a spatial power-combining array with device failure is investigated. Experimental results show that the array still combines the power in the broadside direction when the DC open-circuit failure occurs. Analysis of measured radiation patterns indicated that the power radiated from the patch antenna attached to the failed device is much smaller than the power radiated from other patch antennas. The effects of the chip resistor and the RF impedance of failed device are discussed Experiments of device failures in a spatial power-combining array Jenshan Lin T Itoh doi:10.1109/22.348083 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 43, No. 2. (1995), pp. 267-271. 2008-05-15T12:11:15-00:00 1995 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 43 2 267 271 array combining power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801451 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1994., IEEE MTT-S International (1994), pp. 883-886 vol.2.</i><br /><br />The FDTD algorithm is used to simulate a two element active antenna which is capable of three different coupled oscillation modes. This analysis correctly predicts which modes will be stable in the steady state under different loading conditions. The predicted oscillation modes, oscillation frequencies and radiation patterns are compared with experimental data Electromagnetic simulation of mode control of a two element active antenna B Toland J Lin B Houshmand T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1994.335216 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1994., IEEE MTT-S International (1994), pp. 883-886 vol.2. 2008-05-15T12:11:08-00:00 1994 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1994., IEEE MTT-S International 883 886 vol.2 active antenna array simulation http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801443 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (1997), pp. 1623-1626 vol.3.</i><br /><br />Mutual coupling between both single and twin slot antennas fed by non-leaky coplanar (NLC) waveguides with conductor backing is characterized rigorously for the first time. While there is pronounced mutual coupling (about -12 dB) between two single slots separated by λ₀/2, we show that by employing an optimized twin-slot configuration, it is possible to reduce significantly the coupling level to below -30 dB over a 15% bandwidth, making this unidirectional radiator an attractive candidate for millimeter-wave imaging arrays Characterization and minimization of mutual coupling between NLC-FED slot antennas Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1997.596682 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (1997), pp. 1623-1626 vol.3. 2008-05-15T12:09:38-00:00 1997 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International 3 1623 1626 vol.3 antenna array coupling mutual http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801379 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1673-1676 vol.3.</i><br /><br />A new type of adaptive beamforming antenna system architecture is developed for multi-channel wireless communications. Multi-beam beamforming with high data throughput is accomplished using the proposed beamformer architecture consisting of analog mixers and multi-tone direct digital synthesizers (DDS). The multi-beam beamformer is based on a multi-tone weighting scheme combined with analog-digital hybrid signal processing. High-speed real-time beamforming is realized by an analog beamformer circuit, while the flexibility on adaptive beamforming algorithms is retained by computing weighting coefficients using the digital signal processor (DSP). A 5.8 GHz eight-element adaptive beamforming array successfully demonstrates two-beam simultaneous beamforming and two-channel data recovery at 25 Mb/s data throughput in each channel with BPSK modulation, based on SDMA (space division multiple access). A high-speed adaptive antenna array with simultaneous multiple-beamforming capability T Nishio Yuanxun Wang T Itoh Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1673-1676 vol.3. 2008-05-15T11:35:11-00:00 2003 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International 3 1673 1676 vol.3 adaptive antenna array beamformer multiple http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801376 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (1998), pp. 1383-1386 vol.3.</i><br /><br />In this work, a beam-scanning array for antenna remoting via an optical link is presented. Optical control over the main beam is accomplished through the use of a photosensitive resonator. Experimental data shows a total scan angle up to 36° can be achieved with this optical technique All-optically controlled beam-scanning array for antenna remoting applications WR Deal T Jung MC Wu T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1998.700632 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (1998), pp. 1383-1386 vol.3. 2008-05-15T11:34:52-00:00 1998 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International 3 1383 1386 vol.3 antenna array beam optical http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801371 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International (1995), pp. 1221-1224 vol.3.</i><br /><br />An active antenna array system, capable of switching between sum and difference patterns for radar applications, is explored. The desired phase relationship amongst antenna elements is synthesized via injection locking. Optical reference signal is transmitted from remote controller through optical fiber link. Measured patterns agree with theoretical results Active antenna array with optical interaction for application in radar system Siou Chew DTK Tong MC Wu T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1995.406191 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International (1995), pp. 1221-1224 vol.3. 2008-05-15T11:31:40-00:00 1995 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International 1221 1224 vol.3 active antenna array optical radar http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801367 <i>Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 437-440 vol.1.</i><br /><br />A two-element Yagi-Uda array with two physically equal-length slots tuned by DC bias is presented. By changing the DC bias of two reactive FET circuits imposed upon both ends of the slot, one of the two slots can be made shorter electromagnetically and serves as a director so that a two-element Yagi-Uda antenna array is achieved A two-element Yagi-Uda array using tunable slot antenna Bo-Shiou Ke Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/APMC.1997.659417 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 437-440 vol.1. 2008-05-15T11:31:11-00:00 1997 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific 1 437 440 vol.1 antenna array http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801364 <i>Microwave Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 3, No. 1. (2002), pp. 71-79.</i><br /><br />This article reports the recent progress in active and passive retrodirective arrays using phase-conjugation techniques. The arrays presented here are designed for wireless communications in microwave bands and have other features in addition to self-phasing aspects such that they can be applied to practical communication systems. The reliance on purely analog circuitry offers system simplicity and high-speed response. The self-beam-steering feature potentially offers the improvement of communication link gain between an interrogator and a retrodirective array, reducing the burden on transmitting and receiving amplifiers. By implementing a receiving function, it has been demonstrated that retrodirective arrays can also be used in bidirectional communications in either a full or semiduplex manner, initiating a new class of transceiver architecture Retrodirective arrays for wireless communications RY Miyamoto T Itoh doi:10.1109/6668.990692 Microwave Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 3, No. 1. (2002), pp. 71-79. 2008-05-15T11:31:06-00:00 2002 Microwave Magazine, IEEE 3 1 71 79 array communication wireless http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801360 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 48, No. 6. (2000), pp. 910-918.</i><br /><br />In this paper, a novel broadband planar antenna based on the classic Yagi-Uda dipole antenna is presented, and its usefulness as an array antenna is explored. This “quasi-Yagi” antenna is realized on a high dielectric-constant substrate, and is completely compatible with microstrip circuitry and solid-state devices. This antenna achieves a measured 48% frequency bandwidth for voltage standing-wave ratio <2, better than a 12-dB front-to-back ratio, smaller than -15 dB cross polarization, and 3-5-dBi absolute gain. Mutual coupling of the antenna in an array environment is investigated. Finally, three simple arrays are presented, demonstrating the usefulness of the antenna as an array element. This novel antenna should find wide application in wireless communication systems, power combining, phased arrays, and active arrays, as well as millimeter-wave imaging arrays A new quasi-Yagi antenna for planar active antenna arrays WR Deal N Kaneda J Sor Y Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/22.846717 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 48, No. 6. (2000), pp. 910-918. 2008-05-15T11:28:58-00:00 2000 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 48 6 910 918 active antenna array planar http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801356 <i>Radio and Wireless Conference, 1999. RAWCON 99. 1999 IEEE (1999), pp. 231-234.</i><br /><br />An active array with a quasi-Yagi antenna element is presented. The array has a bandwidth of 60% (VSWR <2) and a fan-beam pattern. The gain of the active array is measured to range from 22-25 dB from 8-11.7 GHz. The single layer compact design makes this array antenna ideal as a building block in larger 2-D arrays A broadband uniplanar quasi-Yagi active array for power combining WR Deal J Sor Y Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/RAWCON.1999.810972 Radio and Wireless Conference, 1999. RAWCON 99. 1999 IEEE (1999), pp. 231-234. 2008-05-15T11:27:42-00:00 1999 Radio and Wireless Conference, 1999. RAWCON 99. 1999 IEEE 231 234 active array broadband combining power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801352 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International (1995), pp. 925-928 vol.2.</i><br /><br />An electronic beam-switching active antenna array is designed. The sum and difference patterns can be switched bi-directionally without additional switching devices. The required phase relationship is obtained through injection-locking. The transmitted power is combined quasi-optically. The measured patterns are in agreement with that of theory A 2×2 beam-switching active antenna array Siou Chew T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1995.405897 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International (1995), pp. 925-928 vol.2. 2008-05-15T11:25:40-00:00 1995 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International 925 928 vol.2 active antenna array beam http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801350 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 40, No. 3. (1992), pp. 475-481.</i><br /><br />The authors present analysis, design and experimental results of a 16 element planar oscillator array for quasi-optical power combining. Each element in the array consists of a single FET oscillator with an input port for injection of the locking signal and an output port which is connected to a patch radiator. The array is synchronized using a 16-way power dividing network which distributes the locking signal to the oscillating elements. The array is constructed using a two-sided microstrip configuration, with the oscillators and feed network on one side of a ground plane, and the patch radiators on the opposite side. An effective radiated power (ERP) of 28.2 W CW with an isotropic conversion gain of 9.9 dB was measured at 6 GHz. For an injected power of 10.3 dBm, a locking range of 453 MHz at a center frequency of 6.015 GHz was obtained; a bandwidth of 7.5%. Because of the simple nature of the individual oscillator elements, this approach is well suited to MMIC implementation A 16 element quasi-optical FET oscillator power combining array with external injection locking J Birkeland T Itoh doi:10.1109/22.121722 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 40, No. 3. (1992), pp. 475-481. 2008-05-15T11:25:39-00:00 1992 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 40 3 475 481 array combining fet lock optical oscillator power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2782042 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest., 2000 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 593-596 vol.1.</i><br /><br />This paper describes the analysis, design, implementation and characterization of a computer-controlled system that accurately measures the phase and amplitude distributions of a phased antenna array. The proposed setup allows `on board' measurements and far field radiation pattern collection at the same time. We have measured the phase and amplitude distributions of a coupled oscillator array at 2.4-2.6 GHz. The results are coherent with the theoretical expectations. The amplitude error is less than 5% and the phase error is less than 5°. This simple and inexpensive measurement system can be used for automated diagnostics of linear and nonlinear antenna arrays Measurement of the phase and amplitude distributions of coupled oscillator arrays PF Maccarini TP Dao AS Nagra A Borgioli RA York doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861137 Microwave Symposium Digest., 2000 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 593-596 vol.1. 2008-05-09T23:55:44-00:00 2000 Microwave Symposium Digest., 2000 IEEE MTT-S International 1 593 596 vol.1 array measurement oscillator phase http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2782006 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1988., IEEE MTT-S International (1988), pp. 963-966 vol.2.</i><br /><br />A description is presented of active antennas and arrays fabricated using microstrip patch antennas and Gunn diodes. Injection-locking experiments were carried out on these <e1>X</e1>-band antennas to achieve frequency coherency and to calculate the circuit <e1>Q</e1>-factor. An electronic tuning range of over 9% has been achieved for the single active patch element. A two-element active array was also developed. The output power levels from the two elements were combined in free space, resulting in higher power in the main beam. The tuning range was much narrower and the antenna pattern broke from a single beam into two separate beams as the DC bias voltage was varied. The breakup limits the practical tuning range Microstrip active antennas and arrays KA Hummer K Chang doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1988.22191 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1988., IEEE MTT-S International (1988), pp. 963-966 vol.2. 2008-05-09T23:43:10-00:00 1988 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1988., IEEE MTT-S International 963 966 vol.2 active antenna array microstrip http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776197 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 53, No. 4. (2005), pp. 1377-1381.</i><br /><br />The high-impedance surface was used as the antenna ground plane between two radiator elements to reduce the inter-element coupling between them. Measurement reveals the optimum performance occurred at the bandgap due to the suppression of surface currents in the ground plane. An application of high-impedance ground planes to phased array antennas RFJ Broas DF Sievenpiper E Yablonovitch doi:10.1109/TAP.2005.844408 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 53, No. 4. (2005), pp. 1377-1381. 2008-05-09T15:46:49-00:00 2005 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on 53 4 1377 1381 antenna array high impedance pbg phased http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774805 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 32, No. 10. (1984), pp. 1101-1107.</i><br /><br />A solution is presented for the problem of an infinite array of microstrip patches fed with short current elements. The input reflection coefficient is calculated versus scan angle in an arbitrary scan plane, and the effects of substrate parameters and grid spacings are considered. The scan blindness phenomenom is observed and discussed in terms of a forced surface wave response. Measurements from waveguide simulators confirm the theory for thin substrates. Analysis of an infinite array of rectangular microstrip patches with idealized probe feeds D Pozar D Schaubert Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 32, No. 10. (1984), pp. 1101-1107. 2008-05-09T08:48:44-00:00 1984 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] 32 10 1101 1107 analysis array microstrip patch http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774771 <i>Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings -, Vol. 145, No. 4. (1998), pp. 313-320.</i><br /><br />Active antenna oscillator arrays have been considered in millimetre-wave communication systems to increase the power levels for low cost radio modules, and in radar systems for high power generation. The authors have investigated the performance of active antenna oscillator arrays, particularly the data-rate limitations, the modulation effects on the radiation pattern, and the bit error rate performance of these arrays, in practical applications. Also, a closed-form solution for the phase dynamics of a single injection-locked oscillator has been derived Performance of active antenna oscillator arrays under modulation for communication systems C Kykkotis PS Hall H Ghafouri-Shiraz Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings -, Vol. 145, No. 4. (1998), pp. 313-320. 2008-05-09T08:36:03-00:00 1998 Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings - 145 4 313 320 active antenna array oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774764 <i>Communications and Signal Processing, 1998. COMSIG '98. Proceedings of the 1998 South African Symposium on (1998), pp. 373-378.</i><br /><br />This paper presents an overview of the use of the HP-EESof Communications Design Suite software and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for the analysis of an active microstrip patch array. The use of frequency- and time-domain simulation algorithms for the prediction of free-running and injection-locked oscillators is discussed. The modelling of the passive radiating part of the antenna using the FDTD method is covered. Free-running oscillators are shown to be handled accurately and efficiently using the harmonic-balance algorithm, but injection-locked oscillators are a source of difficulty. The FDTD method, when compared to measurements, gives good results for the input impedance and mutual coupling of the passive array An overview of the modelling of an active microstrip patch array K Williams HC Reader DB Davidson doi:10.1109/COMSIG.1998.736985 Communications and Signal Processing, 1998. COMSIG '98. Proceedings of the 1998 South African Symposium on (1998), pp. 373-378. 2008-05-09T08:35:37-00:00 1998 Communications and Signal Processing, 1998. COMSIG '98. Proceedings of the 1998 South African Symposium on 373 378 active antenna array model patch http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774761 <i>Phased Array Systems and Technology, 2003. IEEE International Symposium on (2003), pp. 571-576.</i><br /><br />The growing demand for broadband multimedia services urges the aeronautical industry to provide bi-directional on-board communication services in near future. Today, the first aircrafts are already being equipped with the technology necessary to provide Internet access for staff and passengers. Up to now, these solutions are developed to operate in L- and Ku-band, due to the satellite systems available and the existence of affordable RF-components for these frequency ranges. Considering broadband multimedia applications, however, it is obvious that in the near future the technology will have to explore higher frequency regions like Ka-band, where the required bandwidth can be provided. Several studies show that, for airborne broadband satellite communications, the terminal antenna is one of the key components in the system design. To compensate for the aircrafts movement, the terminal antenna must be steerable, to allow satellite tracking. Due to the limitations of mechanically steerable antennas, an electronically steerable array antenna using digital beamforming seems to be the most promising solution. Still, the development of such antenna arrays in Ka-band technology faces high demands regarding performance, integration and, last but not least, component costs. In the framework of a project called SANTANA (smart antenna terminal), funded by the German government (BMBF) on behalf of the DLR, several antenna concepts have been investigated. One promising concept, which will be discussed in this paper, is a transmit-only array at 30 GHz that uses the sequential rotation principle to improve the circular polarisation. Phased array using the sequential rotation principle: analysis of coupling effects L Baggen S Holzwarth W Simon O Litschke doi:10.1109/PAST.2003.1257044 Phased Array Systems and Technology, 2003. IEEE International Symposium on (2003), pp. 571-576. 2008-05-09T08:35:33-00:00 2003 Phased Array Systems and Technology, 2003. IEEE International Symposium on 571 576 array coupling phased rotation sequential http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774725 <i>Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 3 (1997), pp. 945-948 vol.3.</i><br /><br />An active integrated antenna array consisting of a parallel feedback FET oscillator and a patch antenna is demonstrated. In this paper a two element array was fabricated and examined. The patch antenna was incorporated into oscillator feedback loop to enhance stability of the resonator operation frequency. Two slot apertures were embedded in the ground plane of the patch resonator and electromagnetically coupled with microstrip feed lines which consist of the oscillator feedback loop. An observed spectrum and an antenna pattern were also investigated Quasi-optical patch resonator antenna array H Shiomi K Hayata Y Kido S Kawasaki doi:10.1109/APMC.1997.656356 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 3 (1997), pp. 945-948 vol.3. 2008-05-09T08:23:53-00:00 1997 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific 3 945 948 vol.3 active antenna array resonator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774718 <i>Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, 2003 IEEE (2003), pp. 435-438.</i><br /><br />An integrated downconverter for active antenna arrays is presented. From 5.125 GHz to 5.875 GHz the downconverter shows more than 20 dB conversion gain and a noise figure of less than 3.8 dB with a minimum of 3.3 dB. Input 1 dB compression point is -18 dBm. Image rejection better than 35 dB is achieved using an integrated lumped-element bandpass filter. A switchable symmetric input amplifier is proposed to calibrate amplitude and phase errors without degrading the noise figure. 5-6 GHz monolithically integrated calibratable low-noise downconverter for smart antenna arrays T Brauner R Vogt W Bachtold Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, 2003 IEEE (2003), pp. 435-438. 2008-05-09T08:23:37-00:00 2003 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, 2003 IEEE 435 438 active antenna array low mixer noise smart http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774606 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1997), pp. 591-594 vol.2.</i><br /><br />Active antenna oscillator arrays have been considered in millimetre-wave communication systems for increased power levels in low cost radio modules. In this paper, we have investigated the data-rate limitations, the modulation effects on the radiation pattern, and the bit error rate performance of antenna oscillator arrays in practical applications Active antenna oscillator arrays in communication systems C Kykkotis PS Hall H Ghafouri-Shiraz doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1997.602862 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1997), pp. 591-594 vol.2. 2008-05-09T07:25:59-00:00 1997 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International 2 591 594 vol.2 active antenna array oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774609 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 43, No. 8. (1995), pp. 1805-1808.</i><br /><br />This paper presents a simple method for the calculation of the frequency and power variation of an active antenna operated in the presence of a reflecting surface. The situation modeled accounts for interdependent amplitude and phase dynamics and also allows for the extraction of active antenna array coupling coefficients. Analytical and experimental results are presented for both frequency and power variations of an individual element when operated in a strongly coupled imaged array environment. Here the nearest neighbor coupling is shown to be the dominant coupling mechanism Modeling of active antenna array coupling effects-load variation method S Sancheti VF Fusco doi:10.1109/22.402263 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 43, No. 8. (1995), pp. 1805-1808. 2008-05-09T07:26:06-00:00 1995 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 43 8 1805 1808 active antenna array coupling model http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774611 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2002), pp. 1527-1530.</i><br /><br />This paper presents the design and implementation of a 10-GHz 4-element spatial power combiner. The GaAs-MESFET amplifiers are designed to operate in switched class-E mode, feeding dual-layer patch antennas. A Wilkinson combiner feed was designed for the input with 0.7 dB loss. The individual amplifiers operate at 64% drain efficiency and deliver 20.6 dBm output power. The total output power delivered from the active array is 26.6 dBm (0.46 W), for 20 dBm input power. The average drain efficiency of the amplifiers in the array is 70% and the power added efficiency is 57% A 10-GHz high-efficiency active antenna sub-array S Paji Z Popovi doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2002.1012146 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2002), pp. 1527-1530. 2008-05-09T07:26:10-00:00 2002 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International 3 1527 1530 active antenna array efficiency high http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774599 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1998), pp. 997-1000 vol.2.</i><br /><br />This paper presents a novel idea that the power is fed from the patch antenna coupler to form a five-element Chebyshev active antenna FET amplifying linear array. An equivalent lumped element circuit was developed to model the mutual coupling having good agreement with experiments. The power level coupled to the transmission line can be controlled by adjusting the length and the gap of the transmission line. The active patch-fed antenna coupler array has the advantages of a single input port, no power divider required, good and controllable radiation patterns, ease of bias, and compactness Novel active antenna amplifying arrays Yao-Chou Yang Shyh-Jong Chung Kai Chang doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1998.705160 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1998), pp. 997-1000 vol.2. 2008-05-09T07:24:23-00:00 1998 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International 2 997 1000 vol.2 active amplifier antenna array