Sat, 19 Jul 2008 02:58:36 BST CiteULike: dcastro's integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/tag/integrated CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2802015 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 25. (1999), pp. 2163-2164.</i><br /><br />Active receiving antennas with an integrated filter, amplifier, mixer and local oscillator have significant radiation at the local oscillator frequency. This radiation may be out of band and could be a problem in cluttered environments. In this Letter, the problem is evaluated through measurements and simulation on integrated microstrip patch antennas Local oscillator radiation from active integrated antennas G Ma PS Hall P Gardner M Hajian doi:10.1049/el:19991482 Electronics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 25. (1999), pp. 2163-2164. 2008-05-15T15:30:24-00:00 1999 Electronics Letters 35 25 2163 2164 active antennas integrated local oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801487 <i>Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1993. APMC '93., 1993 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1 (1993), pp. 1-5-1-8 vol.1.</i><br /><br />The authors describe a design method and experimental results of a uniplanar active integrated antenna with tuning stub. The circuit consists of a slot radiator, an FET oscillator and CPWs. The active integrated antenna oscillated at 7.77 GHz and its oscillation frequency was tuned to 7.94 GHz by cutting the tuning stub. The maximum tuning range due to change of the drain voltage was 70 MHz. No significant change on antenna pattern measurement was observed Uniplanar active integrated antenna element with tuning stub using an FET and CPW's S Kawasaki T Itoh doi:10.1109/APMC.1993.468477 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1993. APMC '93., 1993 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1 (1993), pp. 1-5-1-8 vol.1. 2008-05-15T12:22:28-00:00 1993 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1993. APMC '93., 1993 Asia-Pacific 1 1-5 1-8 vol.1 active antenna fet integrated planar http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801475 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest (1993), pp. 1616-1619 vol.3.</i><br /><br />The authors report the design and experimental data of a prototype of an optically controlled uniplanar active integrated antenna array. The active antenna circuit consists of two negative-resistance oscillators with two slots. As the transmission line, the CPW (coplanar waveguide) is used to realize the uniplanar active antenna array. The tuning of operating frequencies was carried out by illumination. Measured antenna patterns are presented. An optical tuning range of 70 MHz around 8.8 GHz was obtained Optical control on 2-element CPW active integrated antenna array with strong coupling S Kawasaki T Itoh doi:10.1109/APS.1993.385507 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest (1993), pp. 1616-1619 vol.3. 2008-05-15T12:18:44-00:00 1993 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1993. AP-S. Digest 1616 1619 vol.3 active array coupling integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801458 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1677-1680 vol.3.</i><br /><br />A 60 GHz integrated four-element planar antenna array is developed. Each antenna is integrated with a sub-harmonic I/Q mixer based on APDPs for the convenience of high-speed signal processing such as adaptive beamforming. An average conversion loss of four channels of less than 10.6 dB is achieved. Amplitude imbalance and phase deviation between I and Q outputs of each channel are less than 2.5 dB and 7/spl deg/, respectively. The array is used to construct a digital beamforming system along with an IF circuit block and DSP modules. Beam scanning results are successfully demonstrated. A 60 GHz integrated antenna array for high-speed digital beamforming applications Ji-Yong Park Yuanxun Wang T Itoh Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (2003), pp. 1677-1680 vol.3. 2008-05-15T12:12:54-00:00 2003 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International 3 1677 1680 vol.3 active antenna array beamformer integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801444 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1997), pp. 687-690 vol.2.</i><br /><br />A high efficiency class F power amplifier integrated with a circular sector microstrip antenna is reported. To obtain the class F operation, the second and third harmonics are shaped through the input impedance of the antenna. At the operating frequency of 2.55 GHz, a power added efficiency of 63% is demonstrated Class F power amplifier integrated with circular sector microstrip antenna V Radisic Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1997.602884 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1997), pp. 687-690 vol.2. 2008-05-15T12:09:43-00:00 1997 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1997., IEEE MTT-S International 2 687 690 vol.2 amplifier antenna circular integrated microstrip power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2782065 <i>Microwave Conference, 2000 Asia-Pacific (2000), pp. 888-894.</i><br /><br />In this paper, we present two novel design architectures that utilizing either a periodic structure or an active integrated antenna (AIA) for harmonic tuning in transmitter front-end designs. These techniques promise to significantly improve the power amplifier efficiency, reduce losses and weight, as well as maintaining good linearity requirements of advanced wireless communication systems. We will illustrate these two concepts through several design examples that have been developed recently, including a power amplifier integrated with novel PBG ground plane for harmonic tuning and four push-pull PA design examples, where the AIA concept is implemented to allow antenna to serve as a power combiner, a harmonic tuning load, in addition to its original functionality as a radiating element High efficiency transmitter front-ends integrated with planar antennas and PBG CY Hang WR Deal Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/APMC.2000.925972 Microwave Conference, 2000 Asia-Pacific (2000), pp. 888-894. 2008-05-10T00:03:23-00:00 2000 Microwave Conference, 2000 Asia-Pacific 888 894 antenna efficiency front-end high integrated pbg planar transmitter http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776230 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 2. (2003), pp. 653-659.</i><br /><br />A high-efficiency and compact AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) power amplifier integrated with a microstrip antenna at 7.25 GHz is presented for RF front-end circuit applications. A microstrip circular sector antenna is employed as both a radiator and frequency-dependent output load. Higher order harmonics from the HFET in nonlinear operation are reactively terminated because of the harmonic termination characteristic of the antenna. Based on the optimum load impedance measured by a load-pull measurement setup, the AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier has been designed and fabricated at 7.25 GHz using the active integrated antenna concept. In this design approach, the measured antenna impedance is directly transformed to the optimum load impedance for maximum efficiency. The power amplifier with 1-mm gate periphery shows 42% peak power-added efficiency and 30.3-dBm saturated output power with a linear gain of 8 dB, which is in reasonably good agreement with measured discrete HFET load-pull data. Due to the antenna's characteristics, better than 30-dB harmonic suppression has been achieved at both the second and third harmonic frequencies in both the E- and H-planes. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a high-frequency AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier integrated with an antenna. AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier integrated with microstrip antenna for RF front-end applications Younkyu Chung CY Hang S Cai Yongxi Qian CP Wen KL Wang T Itoh doi:10.1109/TMTT.2002.807685 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 2. (2003), pp. 653-659. 2008-05-09T16:11:09-00:00 2003 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 51 2 653 659 active amplifier antenna integrated power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776229 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 49, No. 3. (2001), pp. 442-450.</i><br /><br />A balanced integrated-antenna self-oscillating mixer at 60 GHz is presented in this paper. The modal radiation characteristics of a dual-feed planar quasi-Yagi antenna are used to achieve RF-local oscillator (RF-LO) isolation between closely spaced frequencies. The balanced mixer is symmetric, inherently broad band, and does not need an RF balun. Pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistors are used in a 30-GHz push-pull circuit to generate the second harmonic and a 30-GHz dielectric resonator was used to stabilize the fundamental oscillation frequency. This allows the possibility of building a balanced low-cost self-contained antenna integrated receiver with low LO leakage for short-range narrow-band communication. Phase locking can be done with half of the RF frequency. The circuit exhibits a conversion loss less than 15 dB from 60 to 61.5 GHz, radiation leakage of -26 dBm at 60 GHz, and IF phase noise of -95 dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset A subharmonic self-oscillating mixer with integrated antenna for 60-GHz wireless applications M Sironen Y Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/22.910547 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 49, No. 3. (2001), pp. 442-450. 2008-05-09T16:10:42-00:00 2001 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 49 3 442 450 active antenna integrated mixer oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776109 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002. IEEE, Vol. 2 (2002), pp. 508-511 vol.2.</i><br /><br />Both theoretical and experimental results of a novel integrated antenna for LINC power amplifiers are presented. The integrated antenna can also serve as a power combiner, ensuring maximum power efficiency. This will be a significant advance on current LINC and CALLIUM systems, where the circuit level power combiner losses degrade overall efficiency. The concept is explained and one example antenna at 1.8 GHz is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the antenna achieves good impedance matching characteristics under both the common-mode and the differential-mode excitations. Radiation patterns are also presented. Novel integrated antenna for LINC power amplifiers SC Gao P Gardner doi:10.1109/APS.2002.1016133 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002. IEEE, Vol. 2 (2002), pp. 508-511 vol.2. 2008-05-09T15:18:04-00:00 2002 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2002. IEEE 2 508 511 vol.2 active amplifier antenna integrated power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774768 <i>European Microwave Conference, 2001. 31st (2001), pp. 1-4.</i><br /><br />An active integrated antenna working in the millimeter wave has been realized in a monolithic process. The concept of active integrated antenna is first introduced, then the design of the integrated circuit based on a global approach, following electromagnetic and circuit simulations, is presented. The obtained performances of the active antenna are discussed and compared to a passive one. Global Design of an Active Integrated Antenna for Millimeter Wave Eric Marzolf M'hamed Drissi doi:10.1109/EUMA.2001.339176 European Microwave Conference, 2001. 31st (2001), pp. 1-4. 2008-05-09T08:36:00-00:00 2001 European Microwave Conference, 2001. 31st 1 4 active antenna design integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774767 <i>Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, 1999. 4th International Conference on, Vol. 1 (1999), pp. 194-197 vol.1.</i><br /><br />Within research toward a new generation of in-door communication systems, utilization of frequencies in the higher microwave and lower MM-wave bands may play an important role in future. One of the barriers to fast market introduction is convenient inherently low cost RF front ends to be realized in planar technology, moreover with integrated antennas. In this paper, a solution for an up converter with an integrated antenna at 5 GHz (non-licensed/HIPERLAN band) to 24 GHz (ISM band) is presented. The results may also trace work on the future 100 GHz systems. A solution with a sector antenna is successfully implemented and described in more detail. The measured results have verified the proposed concept Active antenna integrated with up converter for 5 to 24 GHz band A Nesic I Radnovic V Brankovic D Nesic doi:10.1109/TELSKS.1999.804725 Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, 1999. 4th International Conference on, Vol. 1 (1999), pp. 194-197 vol.1. 2008-05-09T08:35:58-00:00 1999 Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, 1999. 4th International Conference on 1 194 197 vol.1 active antenna integrated mixer http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774766 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 11. (2002), pp. 2639-2646.</i><br /><br />Harmonic radiation from microstrip patch oscillators is examined experimentally and theoretically using both a single and dual parallel-tuned circuit Van der Pol oscillator model. Closed-form expressions are obtained for the fundamental and first harmonic voltage amplitudes, and results show reasonably good agreement with a commercial circuit simulator. Such expressions will be useful for designers of active integrated antennas, giving them greater physical insight into their operation. Experimental results are presented for three configurations of a patch oscillator, i.e., rectangular patch, circular-sector patch, and quarter-wave shorted patch. The latter two configurations present very low resistance at the first harmonic frequency and this leads to improved harmonic suppression performance. This is in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions. Analysis and control of harmonic radiation from active integrated oscillator antennas MJ Cryan GR Buesnel PS Hall doi:10.1109/TMTT.2002.804634 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 11. (2002), pp. 2639-2646. 2008-05-09T08:35:55-00:00 2002 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 50 11 2639 2646 active antenna integrated oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774730 <i>High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium, 2001. 6th IEEE (2001), pp. 125-129.</i><br /><br />A patch antenna integrated with two Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) is implemented to act as an Image Reject Mixer (IRM). The low noise active antenna system transforms a received radio frequency signal into two signals, which are out-of phase to each other. The image signals can be cancelled by the IRM. The antenna, LNA's, mixers and local oscillator (LO) are integrated into a single Active Integrated Antenna (AIA) module. An external IF 90° hybrid coupler is required in the IRM. The advantages of the LNA active antenna mixer system are low noise, image signal rejection, low cost and simple circuitry of front-end, and improved receiver sensitivity Low noise integrated active antenna as image reject mixer (IRM) W Ismail P Gardner doi:10.1109/HFPSC.2001.962179 High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium, 2001. 6th IEEE (2001), pp. 125-129. 2008-05-09T08:27:04-00:00 2001 High Frequency Postgraduate Student Colloquium, 2001. 6th IEEE 125 129 active antenna integrated low mixer noise http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774720 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (2002), pp. 1317-1320.</i><br /><br />An X-band oscillating element can be achieved in compact form with class-E operation and high directivity. An annular ring is used both as the radiating element and microstrip feedback circuit for the class-E amplifier. A maximum conversion efficiency of the DC power consumption to radiated copolarized power is 55% at 10 GHz with maximum effective radiated power of 23.6 dBm and total radiated power of 15.5 dBm. This active antenna element is shown to be a good candidate for high aperture efficiency spatial power combining A 10 GHz integrated class-E oscillating annular ring element for high-efficiency transmitting arrays JA Hagerty Z Popovic doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2002.1011911 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (2002), pp. 1317-1320. 2008-05-09T08:23:39-00:00 2002 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International 2 1317 1320 active antenna efficiency high integrated oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774612 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 36, No. 18. (2000), pp. 1519-1521.</i><br /><br />A novel oscillating antenna is realised by integrating a transistor oscillator and a line impedance transformer inside a rectangular opening in a rectangular patch antenna. This active antenna exhibits stable operation and a clean spectrum. The measured copolarisation radiation patterns are not affected by the modification of the patch while the cross-polarisation levels are low Compact active integrated antenna with transistor oscillator and line impedance transformer D Bonefacic J Bartolic doi:10.1049/el:20001111 Electronics Letters, Vol. 36, No. 18. (2000), pp. 1519-1521. 2008-05-09T07:26:18-00:00 2000 Electronics Letters 36 18 1519 1521 active antenna compact impedance integrated oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774613 <i>Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, 1999. 4th International Conference on, Vol. 1 (1999), pp. 198-201 vol.1.</i><br /><br />Within the research towards a new generation of in-door communication systems, the utilization of frequencies in the higher microwave and lower MM-wave bands may play an important role in future. Moreover, it is assumed that future systems can also simultaneously exploit the advantages of lower and higher frequency bands. In order to prove the system concept, a dual-frequency demonstrator working at 24 GHz (ISM band) and 5 GHz (non-licensed band) is under development. Full integration of a high gain antenna with a 24 GHz front-end is achieved in very low-cost way. The solutions are successfully implemented and described in more detail. Measured results have proved the proposed concept Active antenna integrated with down converter for 24 to 5 GHz bands A Nesic I Radnovic V Brankovic D Nesic doi:10.1109/TELSKS.1999.804726 Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, 1999. 4th International Conference on, Vol. 1 (1999), pp. 198-201 vol.1. 2008-05-09T07:26:20-00:00 1999 Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Services, 1999. 4th International Conference on 1 198 201 vol.1 active antenna integrated mixer http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774595 <i>Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 277-280.</i><br /><br />Two types of laminated active integrated antennas were demonstrated in this paper. One is the 3-element linear active integrated antenna array with an FET oscillator and a planar slot antenna laminated by a dielectric slab for reduction of antenna size. In the second type, incorporating the oscillator feedback loop with a directional coupler, the two-element laminated active integrated antenna array operated by trimming an injection signal for beam steering. These active integrated antennas were designed to satisfy with the requirement of increase of receiving power as well as beam operation Topology of laminated active integrated antenna arrays S Kawasaki K Hayata T Goi doi:10.1109/ICMMT.1998.768279 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 277-280. 2008-05-09T07:24:17-00:00 1998 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on 277 280 active antenna array integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774540 <i>Signals, Systems, and Electronics, 1995. ISSSE '95, Proceedings., 1995 URSI International Symposium on (1995), pp. 13-16.</i><br /><br />We consider an inverted stripline active antenna configuration for system applications. Solid-state devices can be directly integrated with the antenna to perform various functions. A two-way communication system using two integrated active antenna transceivers was demonstrated. The transmitter provides 63 mW output power with an estimated maximum link distance of 4.8 km Integrated microstrip active antennas and their applications Kai Chang doi:10.1109/ISSSE.1995.497923 Signals, Systems, and Electronics, 1995. ISSSE '95, Proceedings., 1995 URSI International Symposium on (1995), pp. 13-16. 2008-05-09T06:48:28-00:00 1995 Signals, Systems, and Electronics, 1995. ISSSE '95, Proceedings., 1995 URSI International Symposium on 13 16 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2774535 <i>High Performance Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications, 1999. EDMO. 1999 Symposium on (1999), pp. 53-57, 58a-b.</i><br /><br />The potential applications for active integrated antennas are addressed. It is shown that active arrays constructed using monolithic integrated circuit techniques for application at millimetre and submillimetre wavelengths offer the most potential. The importance of having Computer Aided Design (CAD) facilities for active integrated antennas is explained, and the FDTD scheme is shown to be the method most likely to provide this need What are active integrated antennas? Can successful CAD be achieved? CG Parini doi:10.1109/EDMO.1999.821459 High Performance Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications, 1999. EDMO. 1999 Symposium on (1999), pp. 53-57, 58a-b. 2008-05-09T06:48:16-00:00 1999 High Performance Electron Devices for Microwave and Optoelectronic Applications, 1999. EDMO. 1999 Symposium on 53 57, 58a-b active antenna cad integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2768687 <i>Antennas and Propagation, 2007. EuCAP 2007. The Second European Conference on (2007), pp. 1-5.</i><br /><br />An active circulator is presented in this paper to be integrated with a patch antenna. This antenna tries to overcome the non reciprocity behaviour of active antenna in a compact way. Active Integrated Circulating Antenna based on Non-Reciprocal Active Phase Shifters A Ohlsson V Gonzalez-Posadas D Segovia-Vargas Antennas and Propagation, 2007. EuCAP 2007. The Second European Conference on (2007), pp. 1-5. 2008-05-08T06:51:24-00:00 2007 Antennas and Propagation, 2007. EuCAP 2007. The Second European Conference on 1 5 active antenna circulator integrated phase-shifter http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762249 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1991., IEEE MTT-S International (1991), pp. 1257-1260 vol.3.</i><br /><br />A Gunn device in a varactor-tuned slotline coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator has been integrated with a planar, endfire notch antenna. The varactor provides more than 14% tuning bandwidth centered at 9.6 GHz, with a power output of 14.5±-0.8 dBm. Wideband tunable quasi-optical power combiners have also been developed using the active elements. The signal spectrum remains clean and very stable with nearly constant power output throughput the electronic tuning range. These results offer a simple, lightweight, low-cost, reproducible, and truly planar active wideband tunable source for many microwave applications Wideband integrated varactor-tunable active notch antennas and power combiners JA Navarro YH Shu K Chang doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1991.147250 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1991., IEEE MTT-S International (1991), pp. 1257-1260 vol.3. 2008-05-06T18:35:43-00:00 1991 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1991., IEEE MTT-S International 1257 1260 vol.3 active antenna combining integrated power wideband http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762222 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (2001), pp. 1395-1398 vol.2.</i><br /><br />A low noise active integrated antenna receiver is presented. This new design consists of a pair of low noise amplifiers (LNA) integrated on each feed of a dual-feed planar quasi-Yagi antenna. The outputs of the LNAs are combined to form a sum and difference radiation pattern suitable for monopulse radar applications. Simulation and measurement methodology for designing a low noise active integrated antenna receiver is also presented. A peak gain of 7.7 dB and minimum noise figure of 3.6 dB is measured for a C-band prototype A low noise active integrated antenna receiver for monopulse radar applications S Lin Y Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2001.967157 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (2001), pp. 1395-1398 vol.2. 2008-05-06T18:30:51-00:00 2001 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International 2 1395 1398 vol.2 active antenna integrated low monopulse noise radar receiver http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762216 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 34, No. 3. (1998), pp. 228-229.</i><br /><br />The authors present a set of experimental results which demonstrate that it is possible to control the level of harmonic and spurious radiation emitted from a microstrip patch oscillator by means of at least two mechanisms. A discussion of these mechanisms is included, and it is also argued that an unambiguous method of classifying similar results is required Harmonic control in active integrated patch oscillators GR Buesnel MJ Cryan PS Hall Electronics Letters, Vol. 34, No. 3. (1998), pp. 228-229. 2008-05-06T18:28:41-00:00 1998 Electronics Letters 34 3 228 229 active integrated oscillator patch http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762215 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 24. (1997), pp. 1998-1999.</i><br /><br />A microstrip patch oscillator is modelled using a dual LCR Van der Pol oscillator. Closed form expressions are obtained for the fundamental and first harmonic voltage amplitudes and results show reasonably good agreement with a commercial circuit simulator. These type of expressions will be useful for computer aided design of active antennas and give circuit designers greater physical insight into their operation Analysis of harmonic radiation from an integrated active antenna MJ Cryan PS Hall Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 24. (1997), pp. 1998-1999. 2008-05-06T18:28:41-00:00 1997 Electronics Letters 33 24 1998 1999 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762213 <i>Antennas and Propagation, Tenth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 436), Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 518-521 vol.1.</i><br /><br />Integrated active antennas are of increasing interest as system designers require more complex functions to be implemented in reduced space. Many of these systems require very low levels of harmonic and spurious radiation in order to meet electromagnetic compatibility specifications. Active antennas introduce nonlinear devices directly into the antenna and thus they can exhibit high levels of harmonic radiation, moreover, due to size constraints, filters can not be easily added as in conventional systems. In the case of active receiving antennas it seems that by suppressing the harmonic resonances of the antenna the harmonic reception problem can be reduced. However, with patch oscillators, due to the interdependence of the active device and the patch, the solution to the problem of harmonic radiation is more complex. This work aims to investigate these problems, especially in the case of the patch oscillator since these devices seem to pose the greatest challenge. The final goal is to obtain closed form expressions for the level of harmonics in terms of physical circuit parameters. Although numerical methods could be used to solve this problem it is felt that greater physical insight can be obtained from closed form expressions, allied to this they will be useful for CAD of patch oscillators. Closed form expressions would allow designers to realise low levels of harmonic radiation either by modifying the patch geometry or by altering the active device configuration Spectral control of integrated active antennas MJ Cryan PS Hall Antennas and Propagation, Tenth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 436), Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 518-521 vol.1. 2008-05-06T18:28:38-00:00 1997 Antennas and Propagation, Tenth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 436) 1 518 521 vol.1 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762208 <i>Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters], Vol. 7, No. 7. (1997), pp. 190-191.</i><br /><br />An active circulator is integrated with a quarter-wave short-circuited microstrip patch antenna to produce a fully duplexed transceiver with transmit and receive operation at the same frequency and with the same polarization. The active circulator antenna is shown to have 14-dBi transmit gain and 7.4-dBi receive gain with a transmit-receive isolation of 26.9 dB at 3.745 GHz. This active antenna has potential uses in both short-range communication and radar systems An integrated active circulator antenna MJ Cryan PS Hall doi:10.1109/75.594860 Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters], Vol. 7, No. 7. (1997), pp. 190-191. 2008-05-06T18:26:34-00:00 1997 Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters] 7 7 190 191 active antenna circulator integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762205 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 25. (1997), pp. 2091-2092.</i><br /><br />The full wave design of an active integrated antenna using the extended FDTD method is presented. An active circulator using three gain blocks and a short circuited quarter wavelength patch are combined to form a transceiver. The effects of parasitic coupling are identified, and the isolation between transmit-receive is predicted FDTD simulation of active integrated antenna C Kalialakis MJ Cryan PS Hall P Gardner Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 25. (1997), pp. 2091-2092. 2008-05-06T18:26:26-00:00 1997 Electronics Letters 33 25 2091 2092 active antenna fdtd integrated simulation http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762158 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2002), pp. 433-436.</i><br /><br />In this paper, effects of output harmonic terminations on PAE and output power of AlGaN/GaN HEMT power amplifier are investigated. Using a traditional method of harmonic termination, we observe a substantial increase in PAE and output power. Further, we demonstrate the high efficiency AlGaN/GaN HEMT power amplifier with harmonic termination characteristics by using the active integrated antenna approach. For the microstrip-based AlGaN/GaN HEMT power amplifier, large signal measurements and comparisons of PAE and output power were done in class-AB operation with and without output harmonic terminations. For the antenna integrated power amplifier using an AlGaN/GaN HEMT with 1 mm gate periphery, output power of 30 dBm and peak PAE of 55 % with a power gain of 14 dB were achieved at a drain voltage of 18 V and a gate voltage of -2.8 V Output harmonic termination techniques for AlGaN/GaN HEMT power amplifiers using active integrated antenna approach Younkyu Chung CY Hang Shujun Cai Yongxi Qian CP Wen KL Wang T Toh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2002.1011648 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2002), pp. 433-436. 2008-05-06T17:44:54-00:00 2002 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2002 IEEE MTT-S International 1 433 436 active amplifier antenna integrated power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762155 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (1998), pp. 1895-1898 vol.3.</i><br /><br />A high efficiency class-AB GaAs FET power amplifier integrated with a slot antenna has been designed and fabricated. Broadband second harmonic tuning was achieved using a microstrip line with a periodically etched ground plane. Power-added efficiency greater than 50% was achieved in the 3.7-4.0 GHz bandwidth Broadband power amplifier integrated with slot antenna and novel harmonic tuning structure V Radisic Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1998.700863 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 3 (1998), pp. 1895-1898 vol.3. 2008-05-06T17:44:46-00:00 1998 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International 3 1895 1898 vol.3 active amplifier antenna integrated power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762153 <i>Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 5-8.</i><br /><br />The active integrated antenna (ATA) provides a new paradigm for modern microwave and millimeter-wave system designs where compactness, light weight, low cost and multiple functionality are strongly required. This paper reviews some of the recent work in this area which has been carried out by the authors' research group at UCLA Active integrated antennas for microwave front-end technology Yongxi Qian V Radisic AR Perkons T Itoh doi:10.1109/ICMMT.1998.768214 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 5-8. 2008-05-06T17:44:42-00:00 1998 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on 5 8 active antenna front-end integrated microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762149 <i>Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters], Vol. 7, No. 2. (1997), pp. 39-41.</i><br /><br />Two class B GaAs field-effect transistor (FET) power amplifiers integrated with patch antennas have been designed and fabricated at 2.48 GHz. Both amplifiers are integrated with patch antennas, which serve as load and radiator. In one case, a standard patch design was used with random harmonic termination. In another case, a modified patch design was used, which allows the tuning of the second harmonic. In this case the antenna has an additional function of a filter. An increase of 7% in the power-added efficiency (PAE) and 0.5 dB in the output power was achieved through the second harmonic tuning High-efficiency power amplifier integrated with antenna V Radisic Siou Chew Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/75.553052 Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters], Vol. 7, No. 2. (1997), pp. 39-41. 2008-05-06T17:42:53-00:00 1997 Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters] 7 2 39 41 active amplifier antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762145 <i>Antennas and Propagation, 2001. Eleventh International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 480), Vol. 2 (2001), pp. 475-478 vol.2.</i><br /><br />Two active integrated antennas are implemented to act as direct-conversion receivers. These active antennas can be applied for Doppler frequency detection, I&Q demodulation and direction finding Active integrated antennas using the direct-conversion detection G Ma PS Hall P Gardner M Hajian Antennas and Propagation, 2001. Eleventh International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 480), Vol. 2 (2001), pp. 475-478 vol.2. 2008-05-06T17:42:44-00:00 2001 Antennas and Propagation, 2001. Eleventh International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 480) 2 475 478 vol.2 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762141 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1999. IEEE, Vol. 4 (1999), pp. 2378-2381 vol.4.</i><br /><br />Active receiving antennas with integrated amplifier, mixer and local oscillators have significant radiation at the local oscillator frequency. Although this radiation may be out of band, it will be a problem in cluttered environments. In this paper the problem is evaluated through measurements and simulation on integrated microstrip patch antennas at 1.9 GHz. Radiation levels are compared for various substrate materials and configurations. It is concluded that, although reduction in local oscillator radiation can be made, the primary factor is the trade-off between manufacturing simplicity and performance Local oscillator radiation from active integrated antennas G Ma PS Hall P Gardner M Hajian doi:10.1109/APS.1999.789288 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1999. IEEE, Vol. 4 (1999), pp. 2378-2381 vol.4. 2008-05-06T17:42:39-00:00 1999 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1999. IEEE 4 2378 2381 vol.4 active antenna integrated oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762090 <i>Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings -, Vol. 148, No. 1. (2001), pp. 15-20.</i><br /><br />The use of a cavity coupled to an active integrated antenna oscillator is described. The cavity increases the loaded Q factor of the oscillator, thus improving stability and reducing the phase noise. Cavity stabilisation of a microstrip patch and slot ring oscillators is described. In both cases, phase noise at a frequency offset of 10 kHz is reduced by the order of 20 dB. A first-order analysis based on measured and simulated cavity Q factors is shown to give similar results. A Van der Pol analysis of a two-element array of patch oscillators, with a single extended coupled cavity, indicates that the likelihood of mutual locking in an array which has oscillators with slightly different free running frequencies is enhanced albeit at the expense of increased start-up time Cavity control of active integrated antenna oscillators M Zheng P Gardener PS Hall Y Hao Q Chen VF Fusco doi:10.1049/ip-map:20010221 Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings -, Vol. 148, No. 1. (2001), pp. 15-20. 2008-05-06T17:15:59-00:00 2001 Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings - 148 1 15 20 active antenna integrated oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762088 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2003. IEEE, Vol. 2 (2003), pp. 647-650 vol.2.</i><br /><br />The integration of electronics and antennas forming a single front-end component offers several benefits for modem microwave and millimeter-wave system designs, such as compactness, lower power consumption, and multi-functionality. This paper highlights some of the work carried out by the author's research group in the area of active integrated antennas (AIAs). The study of both active circuits and antennas has led to some insight into the design of new antenna array architectures for retrodirective antenna arrays and smart-antennas, which are also discussed in this paper. Integration of electronics and antennas KMKH Leong T Itoh doi:10.1109/APS.2003.1219319 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2003. IEEE, Vol. 2 (2003), pp. 647-650 vol.2. 2008-05-06T17:15:55-00:00 2003 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2003. IEEE 2 647 650 vol.2 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762086 <i>Antennas and Propagation, Tenth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 436), Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 506-509 vol.1.</i><br /><br />Printed antennas mounted inside mobile communications equipment experience some detuning due to changes in the external environment. Such detuning can be offset by using a varactor tuned antenna. In this paper varactor tuning is integrated with a diode detector to monitor external effects. PC mounted software is then used to allow adaptive retuning. Although successful automatic retuning is achieved, significant intermodulation products due to these non-linear devices are present Microstrip patch antenna with integrated adaptive tuning PS Hall SD Kapoulas R Chauhan C Kalialakis Antennas and Propagation, Tenth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 436), Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 506-509 vol.1. 2008-05-06T17:15:55-00:00 1997 Antennas and Propagation, Tenth International Conference on (Conf. Publ. No. 436) 1 506 509 vol.1 antenna integrated microstrip patch http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2759137 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest., 2000 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 533-536 vol.1.</i><br /><br />In this paper, a C-band active integrated antenna push-pull power amplifier is presented. The circuit utilizes a uniplanar quasi-Yagi antenna with corrugated ground plane for both out-of-phase power combining and second harmonic tuning. This novel structure results in a compact and high-efficiency power amplifier design with automatic second harmonic suppression. At an operating frequency of 4.15 GHz, a maximum measured PAE of 60.9% at an output power of 28.2 dBm has been achieved Push-pull power amplifier integrated with quasi-Yagi antenna for power combining and harmonic tuning CY Hang WR Deal Y Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2000.861110 Microwave Symposium Digest., 2000 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 533-536 vol.1. 2008-05-05T20:24:31-00:00 2000 Microwave Symposium Digest., 2000 IEEE MTT-S International 1 533 536 vol.1 active amplifier antenna integrated power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2759133 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 34, No. 9. (1998), pp. 833-835.</i><br /><br />A phase locked loop (PLL) method for controlling a 4 GHz active patch antenna was investigated in order to both frequency stabilise the oscillator and to reduce the phase noise; both these aims were achieved by optimising the PLL parameters. Experimental results showed that a phase noise reduction of up to 26 dB was realised Oscillator stability and phase noise reduction in phase locked active microstrip patch antenna JW Andrews PS Hall Electronics Letters, Vol. 34, No. 9. (1998), pp. 833-835. 2008-05-05T20:24:19-00:00 1998 Electronics Letters 34 9 833 835 active antenna integrated microstrip patch http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2759132 <i>Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 285-288.</i><br /><br />Active microstrip patch antennas have been stabilised using cavity-backed and phase-locked-loop (PLL) controlled techniques. Experimental results show that phase noise reductions of up to 25 and 26 dB respectively can be realised Active integrated antenna oscillator stability and phase noise reduction M Zheng JW Andrews PS Hall P Gardner Q Chen VF Fusco doi:10.1109/ICMMT.1998.768281 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 285-288. 2008-05-05T20:24:15-00:00 1998 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on 285 288 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2758012 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 53, No. 10. (2005), pp. 3206-3214.</i><br /><br />A novel fully integrated transmitter front-end with a simple structure is proposed to obtain both high power-added efficiency (PAE) and a compact RF-front structure. To have all these characteristics, a novel antenna operating as a radiator, a harmonic tuning circuit, and an output matching network of the power amplifier is proposed. Therefore, the direct integration of the output of the power amplifier and antenna can be achieved without any impedance transformers. From the measured results and fabrication, it is shown that the proposed transmitter front-end provides high PAE of 67.5% and compact and integrated RF-front structure by the size reduction of 43% compared with the conventional class-F active antenna for high PAE. A novel fully integrated transmitter front-end with high power-added efficiency Hyungrak Kim Ick-Jae Yoon Young Yoon doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.855142 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 53, No. 10. (2005), pp. 3206-3214. 2008-05-05T14:11:58-00:00 2005 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 53 10 3206 3214 antenna efficiency high integrated power transmitter http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2758009 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 17. (1999), pp. 1401-1403.</i><br /><br />The cancellation of inter-modulation distortion (IMD) using linearisation techniques has traditionally been performed at the amplifier. The authors present a circular patch antenna operating at 1.93 GHz, which also functions as a four way combiner and an IMD cancellation circuit Low IMD, antenna combined, circularly polarised, integrated antenna Chi Yang Wing-Le Chan Wing Chan doi:10.1049/el:19990959 Electronics Letters, Vol. 35, No. 17. (1999), pp. 1401-1403. 2008-05-05T14:11:53-00:00 1999 Electronics Letters 35 17 1401 1403 active antenna circularly integrated polarisation http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2758006 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1999. IEEE, Vol. 2 (1999), pp. 876-879 vol.2.</i><br /><br />Active integrated antennas (AIA) provide a new paradigm for designing modern microwave and millimeter-wave wireless systems. Benefits of this technique include compactness, reduced losses and weight, low profile and multiple functionality. We describe here three novel AIA architectures that have recently been developed, including a tuned-harmonic class F transmitter front-end, power combining with a dual-feed AIA push-pull power amplifier and a novel 2D retrodirective array Active integrated antennas for new RF architectures WR Deal Y Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/APS.1999.789452 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1999. IEEE, Vol. 2 (1999), pp. 876-879 vol.2. 2008-05-05T14:10:55-00:00 1999 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1999. IEEE 2 876 879 vol.2 active antenna integrated rf http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755662 <i>Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters], Vol. 10, No. 1. (2000), pp. 16-18.</i><br /><br />The active integrated antenna (AIA) concept has been realized in the design of integrated amplifier front end, which enables its applications in novel adaptive antenna systems. To address the problem of mismatch between antenna element and amplifier, we present the matching renditions of both gain impedance and noise figure minimum impedance. In addition, the application of these principles is demonstrated in the design of ultra-compact helical AIA receiver front end for operation at 2.1 GHz. Amplifier simulation and measurements have been carried out to confirm the design procedure. It is shown that the proposed configuration can be successfully used in novel wireless handsets Impedance matching in active integrated antenna receiver front end design AS Andrenko Y Ikeda M Nakayama O Ishida doi:10.1109/75.842073 Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters], Vol. 10, No. 1. (2000), pp. 16-18. 2008-05-05T08:07:18-00:00 2000 Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, IEEE [see also IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters] 10 1 16 18 active antenna design impedance integrated matching receiver http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755636 <i>European Microwave Conference, 1998. 28th, Vol. 2 (1998), pp. 735-740.</i><br /><br />Active integrated antennas, now a major research topic, offer highly compact radio front ends which will find application in a range of systems. The paper commences with a brief review of the technology and likely applications. Then some of the work at The University of Birmingham is summarised. Advances in the reduction of unwanted harmonic radiation through the use of improved antenna configurations is described. Stability and phase noise have been improved by the use of phase lock loops and resonant cavities. Finally issues relating to realisation on gallium arsenide monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) are discussed and examples at 5.8 and 30 GHz are shown. Progress in Active Integrated Antennas Peter Hall doi:10.1109/EUMA.1998.338247 European Microwave Conference, 1998. 28th, Vol. 2 (1998), pp. 735-740. 2008-05-05T08:06:18-00:00 1998 European Microwave Conference, 1998. 28th 2 735 740 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755634 <i>Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2003. TELSIKS 2003. 6th International Conference on, Vol. 1 (2003), pp. 49-52 vol.1.</i><br /><br />In this paper is described one method for variation of impedance of patch antennas. With this method both phase and magnitude of impedance can be varied in wide range of different values. This gives us possibility of integration of antenna with variety of different active microwave semiconductors. First of all we described method and its characteristics such as values of patch impedance, which can be attained, and later we demonstrated application of method in case of patch antenna integrated with low noise amplifier (LNA) in receiver. Active patch antennas integrated with Rx/Tx front end D Radulovic A Nesic I Radnovic doi:10.1109/TELSKS.2003.1246182 Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2003. TELSIKS 2003. 6th International Conference on, Vol. 1 (2003), pp. 49-52 vol.1. 2008-05-05T08:05:26-00:00 2003 Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service, 2003. TELSIKS 2003. 6th International Conference on 1 49 52 vol.1 active antenna integrated patch receiver transmiter http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755629 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 49, No. 6. (2001), pp. 1155-1161.</i><br /><br />This paper presents a C-band push-pull power amplifier integrated with a modified uniplanar quasi-Yagi antenna. In this circuit, corrugation is added to the truncated ground plane of the antenna so that it can be used for both out-of-phase power combining and second harmonic tuning. By using the active integrated antenna concept, this novel circuit eliminates the usage of an ordinary 180° hybrid at the power-amplifier output stage, therefore eliminating the losses associated with the hybrid, resulting in a compact and high-efficiency power-amplifier design with intrinsic second harmonic suppression. At an operating frequency of 4.15 GHz, a maximum measured power-added efficiency (PAE) of 60.9% at an output power of 28.2 dBm has been achieved. The measured PAE is above 50% over a 260-MHz bandwidth. Additionally, the second harmonic radiation is found to be 30 dB below the fundamental in both E- and H-planes. When the circuit is subjected to a two-tone test, the measured third-order intercept point is 37 dBm, about 10 dB above the P_{1 dB} point High-efficiency push-pull power amplifier integrated with quasi-Yagi antenna CY Hang WR Deal Yongxi Qian T Itoh doi:10.1109/22.925510 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 49, No. 6. (2001), pp. 1155-1161. 2008-05-05T08:04:57-00:00 2001 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 49 6 1155 1161 active amplifier antenna efficiency high integrated power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755614 <i>AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 57, No. 3. (2003), pp. 173-180.</i><br /><br />This paper reviews the development of active integrated antenna (AIA) concepts and applications at the Technische Universität München. These activities were originally initiated by Prof. Peter Russer. His relations to DaimlerChrysler Research, formerly AEG-Telefunken, Ulm, provided us with novel planar silicon based active devices. The paper follows the historical evolution: It starts from the first silicon based AIAs and demonstrates its continuous improvement. Several millimetre wave systems built by use of these Si-AIAs are presented. Then, the paper proceeds to GaAs based AIAs for the 24 GHz ISM-band and presents its application in an imaging RFID system. RF Systems Based on Active Integrated Antennas Erwin Biebl doi:10.1078/1434-8411-54100158 AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, Vol. 57, No. 3. (2003), pp. 173-180. 2008-05-05T08:04:21-00:00 2003 AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 57 3 173 180 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755596 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2003. IEEE, Vol. 1 (2003), pp. 212-215 vol.1.</i><br /><br />Active integrated antennas (AIAs) represent a new class of microwave and millimeter wave front-end circuitry, offering several attractive features such as compact circuit implementation, light weight, better efficiency, and multi-functionality. This is because the radiating antenna is used as a functional part of the microwave circuit. The paper presents several developments in the research area of active integrated antennas for microwave and millimeter wave front end applications. Developments in active integrated antennas KMKH Leong T Itoh Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2003. IEEE, Vol. 1 (2003), pp. 212-215 vol.1. 2008-05-05T08:03:34-00:00 2003 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2003. IEEE 1 212 215 vol.1 active antenna integrated http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755577 <i>Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 309-312 vol.1.</i><br /><br />With an increased activities in the area of wireless applications, the role of antennas has been expanding and changing. Active integrated antenna is a new technology that integrates planar antennas with active solid state devices so that a number of interesting functions can be realized at low cost. This paper reviews the effort of primarily the author's group on active integrated antennas for wireless applications Active integrated antennas for wireless applications T Itoh doi:10.1109/APMC.1997.659365 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific, Vol. 1 (1997), pp. 309-312 vol.1. 2008-05-05T08:01:38-00:00 1997 Microwave Conference Proceedings, 1997. APMC '97, 1997 Asia-Pacific 1 309 312 vol.1 active antenna integrated wireless http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2755576 <i>Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings -, Vol. 146, No. 2. (1999), pp. 131-137.</i><br /><br />The paper presents a new hybrid analysis/design scheme where electromagnetic full wave and nonlinear circuit solvers are used in conjunction with an improved Kurokawa (1969) analysis. The full wave solver is the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and is used to extract the scattering parameters (S-parameters) of all passive components and to predict the radiation patterns. The extracted S-parameters are then used in a CAD nonlinear circuit solver to characterise the device line and find an operation point. Note that the effects of the higher order harmonics on the operation point of this active antenna are taken into account by means of the harmonic balance algorithm. To validate the proposed method, an oscillator-type active antenna working at 2.019 GHz is fabricated and tested. It is shown that the calculated and measured results, such as operation frequency and radiation patterns, agree very well Hybrid analysis/design method for active integrated antennas B Erturk RG Rojas P Roblin doi:10.1049/ip-map:19990208 Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings -, Vol. 146, No. 2. (1999), pp. 131-137. 2008-05-05T08:01:13-00:00 1999 Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings - 146 2 131 137 active analysis antenna design integrated