Sun, 27 Jul 2008 07:41:06 BST CiteULike: dcastro's microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/tag/microwave CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2938417 <i>Metamaterials for Microwave and (Sub) Millimetre Wave Applications: Photonic Bandgap and Double Negative Designs, Components and Experiments, 2003. IEE Seminar on (2003), pp. 12/1-12/8.</i> Enabling rfimicrowave devices using negative refractive-index transmission-line metamaterials GV Eleftheriades A Grbic AK Iyer MA Antoniades R Islam Metamaterials for Microwave and (Sub) Millimetre Wave Applications: Photonic Bandgap and Double Negative Designs, Components and Experiments, 2003. IEE Seminar on (2003), pp. 12/1-12/8. 2008-06-27T23:48:42-00:00 2003 Metamaterials for Microwave and (Sub) Millimetre Wave Applications: Photonic Bandgap and Double Negative Designs, Components and Experiments, 2003. IEE Seminar on 12/1 12/8 crlh metamaterial microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2839874 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2003), pp. 195-198 vol.1.</i><br /><br />This paper is composed of two parts. In the first part, the fundamentals of ideal transmission lines (TL) meta-materials (NM) with their physical characteristics and the synthesis of practical artificial TL-MMs with their circuital characteristics are presented. A microstrip implementation of a composite right/left handed (CRLH) TL is shown. In the second part, several novel applications based on the theory of the first part are demonstrated: a backfire-to-endfire leaky wave antenna, a coupled-line coupler with arbitrary coupling, a compact enhanced-bandwidth hybrid ring, a dual-band inharmonic branch-line coupler and a negative reflection/refraction phase-conjugating array interface. Novel microwave devices and structures based on the transmission line approach of meta-materials C Caloz T Itoh Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (2003), pp. 195-198 vol.1. 2008-05-28T07:04:51-00:00 2003 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2003 IEEE MTT-S International 1 195 198 vol.1 devices metamaterial microwave tl http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2839810 <i>Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005. IWAT 2005. IEEE International Workshop on (2005), pp. 69-72.</i><br /><br />Recent research on metamaterials with simultaneously negative permittivity (/spl epsiv/) and permeability (/spl mu/), more commonly referred to as left-handed (LH) materials, has stimulated the development of novel concepts and applications. Since right-handed (RH) effects are unavoidable, practical LH materials (LHM) are in reality composite right/left-handed (CRLH) materials. Interestingly, the co-existence of LH and RH contributions in CRLH materials, far from being detrimental, leads to useful phenomena. By applying a transmission-line (TL) approach towards CRLH metamaterials, the unique properties of these metamaterials have been used to realize novel microwave devices including antennas with characteristics (functionalities or performance) surpassing those of conventional (i.e., RH) materials. Microwave devices based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line metamaterials A Lai C Caloz T Itoh doi:10.1109/IWAT.2005.1461003 Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005. IWAT 2005. IEEE International Workshop on (2005), pp. 69-72. 2008-05-28T06:41:03-00:00 2005 Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, 2005. IWAT 2005. IEEE International Workshop on 69 72 crlh metamaterial microwave tl http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2822776 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 41, No. 9. (1993), pp. 1648-1650.</i><br /><br />A slotline type of annular ring element has been developed as a new circuit component for resonator, filter, and hybrid coupler applications. Various coupling methods were devised for the use of this slotline ring in many applications. A new type of slotline dual-mode filter has been developed with a bandwidth of 12.3% and a stopband attenuation of more than 30 dB at the center frequency of 3.5 GHz. Another slotline type of cross-over hybrid ring coupler which utilized a slotline T-junction and a resistively-coupled slotline ring has also been developed with a bandwidth of more than 80%, an excellent power dividing balance of ±0.2 dB, and a fairly good isolation of 35 dB. With the ease of adding series and shunt components, the slotline annular ring element should have many applications for MICs and MMICs Slotline annular ring elements and their applications to resonator, filter and coupler design Chien-Hsun Ho Lu Fan Kai Chang doi:10.1109/22.245694 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 41, No. 9. (1993), pp. 1648-1650. 2008-05-22T10:40:33-00:00 1993 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 41 9 1648 1650 coupler filter microwave resonator ring http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2813968 <i>XVIII Symposium Nacional de la Unión Científica Internacional de Radio (2003)</i> Filtro y Divisor de Potencia para un Multiplexor de Entrada en Tecnología Microstrip y Banda Ku Llorente García Salazar Daganzo Galaz Padilla XVIII Symposium Nacional de la Unión Científica Internacional de Radio (2003) 2008-05-19T19:22:34-00:00 2003 XVIII Symposium Nacional de la Unión Científica Internacional de Radio divider microstrip microwave multiplexing power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2809071 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2006, IEEE (2006), pp. 394-397.</i><br /><br />Application of left-handed (LH) metamaterials in the field of microwave engineering has grown rapidly following their experimental verification. In particular, the LH transmission line (TL) has been used to realize various microwave devices not possible with conventional TLs alone. The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of the recent advances in microwave devices based on LH TLs. In particular, devices based on the unique characteristics of the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) TL, which is the general model of a practical LH TL, are presented. Microwave devices based on left-handed transmission lines A Lai KMKH Leong T Itoh doi:10.1109/APS.2006.1710541 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2006, IEEE (2006), pp. 394-397. 2008-05-18T14:06:55-00:00 2006 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium 2006, IEEE 394 397 crlh lh metamaterial microwave tl http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2805135 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 44, No. 12. (1996), pp. 2411-2420.</i><br /><br />Uniplanar coplanar waveguide (CPW), coplanar strip (CPS), and slotline on dielectric substrates have many applications in microwave integrated circuit (MIC) and monolithic microwave/millimeter wave integrated circuit (MMIC) designs. New power dividers using one-section and two-section coupled CPW have been developed. These circuits provide substantially improved performance over a wider bandwidth than conventional microstrip power dividers. Measured results show that the one-section CPW power divider has greater than 20-dB isolation, less than 0.3-dB insertion loss, a 0.2-dB power dividing imbalance, and a 20 phase imbalance over a bandwidth of more than 30% centered at 3 GHz. The two-section CPW power divider has greater than 24-dB isolation, less than 0.5-dB insertion loss, a 0.1 dB power dividing imbalance, and a 1.6° phase imbalance over a bandwidth of more than 66% centered at 3 GHz. Experimental results agree well with calculated ones. In-phase and 180° out-of-phase power dividers constructed by the circuit configuration method are described in this paper. The even-odd mode excited method is used to analyze the power dividers. Also two other power dividers using asymmetrical coplanar strip (ACPS) have been developed with good performance. A 180° out-of-phase power divider is demonstrated with an amplitude imbalance of 0.4 dB and a phase difference of 180°±1° over a wide bandwidth Uniplanar power dividers using coupled CPW and asymmetrical CPS for MICs and MMICs Lu Fan Kai Chang doi:10.1109/22.554570 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 44, No. 12. (1996), pp. 2411-2420. 2008-05-16T11:49:28-00:00 1996 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 44 12 2411 2420 divider microwave power tl http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801965 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 4. (2003), pp. 1339-1350.</i><br /><br />Neural-network computational modules have recently gained recognition as an unconventional and useful tool for RF and microwave modeling and design. Neural networks can be trained to learn the behavior of passive/active components/circuits. A trained neural network can be used for high-level design, providing fast and accurate answers to the task it has learned. Neural networks are attractive alternatives to conventional methods such as numerical modeling methods, which could be computationally expensive, or analytical methods which could be difficult to obtain for new devices, or empirical modeling solutions whose range and accuracy may be limited. This tutorial describes fundamental concepts in this emerging area aimed at teaching RF/microwave engineers what neural networks are, why they are useful, when they can be used, and how to use them. Neural-network structures and their training methods are described from the RF/microwave designer's perspective. Electromagnetics-based training for passive component models and physics-based training for active device models are illustrated. Circuit design and yield optimization using passive/active neural models are also presented. A multimedia slide presentation along with narrative audio clips is included in the electronic version of this paper. A hyperlink to the NeuroModeler demonstration software is provided to allow readers practice neural-network-based design concepts. Artificial neural networks for RF and microwave design - from theory to practice Qi-Jun Zhang KC Gupta VK Devabhaktuni doi:10.1109/TMTT.2003.809179 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 51, No. 4. (2003), pp. 1339-1350. 2008-05-15T15:11:13-00:00 2003 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 51 4 1339 1350 design microwave network neural rf http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801962 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (2001), pp. 1011-1014 vol.2.</i><br /><br />This paper points out that appropriately trained artificial neural networks can be used to develop knowledge-aided-design (KAD) modules for RF and microwave design. The approach is illustrated by examples of the reflection type and the loaded line type phase shifters. It also is applicable to other types of circuits and subsystems. KAD modules were developed and verified by using available microwave CAD software An approach for knowledge-aided-design (KAD) of microwave circuits using artificial neural networks R Zingg KC Gupta doi:10.1109/MWSYM.2001.967063 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (2001), pp. 1011-1014 vol.2. 2008-05-15T15:10:07-00:00 2001 Microwave Symposium Digest, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International 2 1011 1014 vol.2 circuit design microwave network neural http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801481 <i>Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 76, No. 12. (1988), pp. 1578-1592.</i><br /><br />Three methods of imaging aircraft from the ground with microwave radar with quality suitable for aircraft target recognition are described. The imaging methods are based on a self-calibration procedure called adaptive beamforming that compensates for the severe geometric distortion inherent in any imaging system that is large enough to achieve the high angular resolution necessary for two-dimensional target imaging. The signal processing algorithm is described and X-band (3-cm)-wavelength experiments demonstrate its success on commercial aircraft flying into Philadelphia International Airport.<<ETX>> Microwave imaging of aircraft BD Steinberg doi:10.1109/5.16351 Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 76, No. 12. (1988), pp. 1578-1592. 2008-05-15T12:20:49-00:00 1988 Proceedings of the IEEE 76 12 1578 1592 adaptive beamformer microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2801456 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1998), pp. 1135-1138 vol.2.</i><br /><br />The global time-domain nonlinear analysis of microwave FET oscillators and self-oscillating mixers using the extended FDTD technique is presented. Employing the concept of equivalent current/voltage sources, the device-wave interaction is characterized and incorporated into the FDTD time-stepping algorithm. Consequently, investigation of highly nonlinear phenomena, such as injection locking and intermodulation, can be accomplished by utilizing a large-signal device circuit model. Theoretical results are validated by experiments Global time-domain full-wave analysis of microwave FET oscillators and self-oscillating mixers Min Chen WR Deal B Houshmand T Itoh doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1998.705194 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 2 (1998), pp. 1135-1138 vol.2. 2008-05-15T12:12:47-00:00 1998 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International 2 1135 1138 vol.2 fet microwave mixer oscillator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2786603 <i>Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 24, No. 4. (1977), pp. 170-175.</i><br /><br />A new idea for treating the broad-band matching of an arbitrary load to a resistive generator leads to a simple technique for the design of a lossless 2-port equalizer. The method is a numerical one, and only utilizes real frequency (e.g., experimental) load impedance data. No model or analytic impedance function for the load is necessary. Nor is the equalizer topology or analytic form of the system transfer function assumed. The arithmetic is well conditioned and the intricacies of gainbandwidth theory are bypassed. An example comparing the method with analytic gain-bandwidth theory is given. Two examples proceeding directly from experimental data are presented. One is the broad banding of a microwave avalanche diode reflection amplifier. The other is the gainbandwidth equalization of a microwave FET amplifier for gain taper and impedance mismatch. A new approach to gain-bandwidth problems H Carlin Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 24, No. 4. (1977), pp. 170-175. 2008-05-12T06:27:40-00:00 1977 Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on 24 4 170 175 bandwidth gain matching microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2782935 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 28, No. 22. (1992), pp. 2063-2064.</i><br /><br />A new simple model for the signal and noise properties of a microwave FET or HEMT avoids the need for any explicit correlation between gate and drain noise sources by distributing the drain-to-gate capacitance and the drain noise source along the conducting channel. The new model applied to a commercial HEMT chip demonstrates a very good fit to measured scattering and noise parameter data Distributed channel model for HEMT signal and noise parameters P Gardner DK Paul Electronics Letters, Vol. 28, No. 22. (1992), pp. 2063-2064. 2008-05-10T14:14:37-00:00 1992 Electronics Letters 28 22 2063 2064 amplifier channel distributed microwave model noise parameter signal http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2782044 <i>Microwave Conference, 2000 Asia-Pacific (2000), pp. 863-866.</i><br /><br />When employing conditionally stable transistors in microwave amplifier design, it is impossible to have both parts perfectly matched. One can easily design for a perfect match at one of the parts, but the resulting mismatch at the remaining part may be unacceptable. Through trial and error using graphical methods, the designer may trade-off the perfect part match for improved match at the other part. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach whereby the maximisation of an objective function results in maximum gain and part match, for given stability safety margins Optimum design of small-signal microwave amplifiers with specified stability safety margin KW Eccleston doi:10.1109/APMC.2000.925966 Microwave Conference, 2000 Asia-Pacific (2000), pp. 863-866. 2008-05-09T23:55:47-00:00 2000 Microwave Conference, 2000 Asia-Pacific 863 866 amplifier design microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2782041 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 814-826.</i><br /><br />The generation of RF/microwave power is required not only in wireless communications, but also in applications such as jamming, imaging, RF heating, and miniature dc/dc converters. Each application has its own unique requirements for frequency, bandwidth, load, power, efficiency, linearity, and cost. RF power is generated by a wide variety of techniques, implementations, and active devices. Power amplifiers are incorporated into transmitters in a similarly wide variety of architectures, including linear, Kalm, envelope tracking, outphasing, and Doherty. Linearity can be improved through techniques such as feedback, feedforward, and predistortion Power amplifiers and transmitters for RF and microwave FH Raab P Asbeck S Cripps PB Kenington ZB Popovic N Pothecary JF Sevic NO Sokal doi:10.1109/22.989965 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 814-826. 2008-05-09T23:54:52-00:00 2002 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 50 3 814 826 amplifier microwave power rf transmitter http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2782008 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 52, No. 4. (2004), pp. 1111-1117.</i><br /><br />A synthesizing method is presented to design and implement digital dual-band filters in the microwave frequency range. A dual-band filter consists of a bandstop filter and a wide-band bandpass filter in a cascade connection, wherein the transfer functions of both the bandpass filter and bandstop filter are expressed in the Z domain. The bandstop filter is implemented by using a coupled-serial-shunted line structure, while the wide-band bandpass filter is constructed by using a serial-shunted line configuration. In particular, the bandwidth of each passband of the dual-band filter is controllable by adjusting the characteristics of both the bandpass filter and bandstop filter. By neglecting the dispersion effect between microstrip lines of different widths over a wide bandwidth, a dual-band filter is realized in the form of microstrip lines and its frequency responses are measured to validate this method. Dual-band bandpass filters using equal-length coupled-serial-shunted lines and Z-transform technique Lin-Chuan Tsai Ching-Wen Hsue doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.825680 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 52, No. 4. (2004), pp. 1111-1117. 2008-05-09T23:43:18-00:00 2004 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 52 4 1111 1117 dual-band filter microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776282 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 49, No. 8. (2001), pp. 1477-1482.</i><br /><br />This paper examines some relationships between important design parameters in large combiner systems and key performance objectives such as power, efficiency, noise, and graceful degradation. Results are derived for the combining efficiency of general combiner systems, and used to contrast spatial and corporate combiners and identify optimum combiner topology for a given device technology. The influence of array size on excess phase noise is quantified and shown to decrease with increase numbers of devices. Results are also presented for the degradation in combining efficiency due to statistical variations in amplifier characteristics, appropriate to large combiners, showing that phase errors are the dominant factor in power degradation Some considerations for optimal efficiency and low noise in large power combiners RA York doi:10.1109/22.939929 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 49, No. 8. (2001), pp. 1477-1482. 2008-05-09T16:41:57-00:00 2001 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 49 8 1477 1482 microwave noise power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776125 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International (1995), pp. 83-86 vol.1.</i><br /><br />Tunable microstrip ring resonator oscillators and filters are described. Two alternative techniques for suppression of unwanted higher order modes are reviewed. The practical oscillator has a tuning bandwidth of nearly 30%, and phase noise better than -90 dBc, 10 kHz from carrier. This is encouraging performance for a compact planar device Microwave oscillators and filters based on microstrip ring resonators DK Paul P Gardner doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1995.406092 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International (1995), pp. 83-86 vol.1. 2008-05-09T15:20:58-00:00 1995 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1995., IEEE MTT-S International 83 86 vol.1 microwave oscillator resonator http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776126 <i>Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 21. (1994), pp. 1770-1771.</i><br /><br />A microwave oscillator incorporating a varactor-tuned microstrip ring resonator was developed using a single packaged varactor diode which together with other required components was mounted inside the ring structure. A tuning bandwidth of ~30% was achieved with forward and reverse biasing of the varactor diode. The measured phase noise of the new oscillator was found to be better than -90 dBc kHz from the carrier Microwave voltage tuned microstrip ring resonator oscillator P Gardner DK Paul KP Tan Electronics Letters, Vol. 30, No. 21. (1994), pp. 1770-1771. 2008-05-09T15:20:58-00:00 1994 Electronics Letters 30 21 1770 1771 microwave oscillator resonator ring http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776124 <i>The Use of Systems Analysis and Modelling Tools: Experiences and Applications (Ref. No. 1998/413), IEE Colloquium on (1998), pp. 6/1-6/6.</i><br /><br />This paper describes a range of different applications of MATHCAD and MATLAB in microwave component synthesis. The examples are drawn from both research and teaching in microwave engineering Some applications of MATHCAD and MATLAB in microwave component synthesis P Gardner The Use of Systems Analysis and Modelling Tools: Experiences and Applications (Ref. No. 1998/413), IEE Colloquium on (1998), pp. 6/1-6/6. 2008-05-09T15:20:56-00:00 1998 The Use of Systems Analysis and Modelling Tools: Experiences and Applications (Ref. No. 1998/413), IEE Colloquium on 6/1 6/6 component matlab microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776114 <i>Millimetre Wave Transistors and Circuits, IEE Colloquium on (1991), pp. 10/1-10/4.</i><br /><br />Negative resistance, reflection mode amplification using GaAs FETs or HEMTs offers the possibility of realising the low noise performance associated with such devices whilst achieving a higher gain per stage than conventional transmission mode amplifiers. This possibility is of particular interest in the MM-wave region, where the gain per stage of conventional FET and HEMT amplifiers, when tuned for optimum noise measure, is low. An additional potential benefit, of particular interest for radar LNA applications, is the probable existence of a low loss bypass path through a reflection amplifier after failure of the active device. In this paper, the circuit conditions for optimum noise measure in negative resistance transistor amplifiers are determined, and several examples are given. Design details and measured results are given for an example in X-band. The suitability of the technique for MM-wave frequencies is assessed as far as possible using published S-parameter and noise data for a HEMT device, and a theoretical circuit design is presented Negative resistance low noise, reflection mode transistor amplifiers for microwave and millimetre wave applications DK Paul P Gardner Millimetre Wave Transistors and Circuits, IEE Colloquium on (1991), pp. 10/1-10/4. 2008-05-09T15:18:10-00:00 1991 Millimetre Wave Transistors and Circuits, IEE Colloquium on 10/1 10/4 amplifier low microwave noise http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2776060 <i>Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2002. Proceedings. ICMMT 2002. 2002 3rd International Conference on (2002), pp. 618-621.</i><br /><br />In this paper, a non-linear circuit model of a FET has been incorporated into the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method when microwave active antennas are analysed. The FET, operating in class A mode, is biased and its non-linear properties (second harmonics) are investigated in a patch antenna configuration. The algorithm and the simulation results will be useful in the development of high power integrated active antenna modules. FDTD analysis of microwave active antenna including nonlinear model of FET transistor Y Zhang P Gardner H Ghafouri-Shiraz PS Hall Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2002. Proceedings. ICMMT 2002. 2002 3rd International Conference on (2002), pp. 618-621. 2008-05-09T14:56:17-00:00 2002 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology, 2002. Proceedings. ICMMT 2002. 2002 3rd International Conference on 618 621 active analysis antenna fdtd fet microwave model nonlinear http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2768657 <i>Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings - (2005), pp. 455-459.</i><br /><br />A planar microwave diplexer based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technique is presented in the paper. The SIW-microstrip transition and SIW filter are experimentally investigated, and then a C-band SIW diplexer is designed and fabricated using a standard PCB process. The relative bandwidths of up and down channels are 3% and 4.8% at 5.96 GHz and 5.42 GHz, respectively. The measured results show good channel isolation, moderate insert losses and small return losses in pass-bands. The diplexer takes a planar form and can be easily integrated in microwave integrated circuits (MICs). Planar diplexer for microwave integrated circuits ZC Hao W Hong JX Chen XP Chen K Wu Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings - (2005), pp. 455-459. 2008-05-08T06:40:24-00:00 2005 Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IEE Proceedings - 455 459 diplexer microwave planar http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2768647 <i>Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications. 2000. MIKON-2000. 13th International Conference on, Vol. 2 (2000), pp. 525-528 vol.2.</i><br /><br />General structures and a classification of prototypes (for about 250 networks) for broadband microwave filters and matching networks for given complex load are presented. The peculiarities of synthesis methods, theoretical limitations and properties of input impedance for singly terminated and double terminated networks and frequency diplexers are described. Results of a computer simulation of frequency characteristics for different broadband filters and matching networks are presented Structures of prototypes for broadband microwave filters, diplexers and matching networks G Czawka doi:10.1109/MIKON.2000.913987 Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications. 2000. MIKON-2000. 13th International Conference on, Vol. 2 (2000), pp. 525-528 vol.2. 2008-05-08T06:36:11-00:00 2000 Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications. 2000. MIKON-2000. 13th International Conference on 2 525 528 vol.2 broadband diplexer filter matching microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2768646 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 32, No. 9. (1984), pp. 1055-1067.</i><br /><br />An account of the development of microwave filters is surveyed, commencing from 1937. Much of the foundation of modem filter theory and practice took place during the period of World War II and the years immediately following, especially by such pioneers as the late P. I. Richards, whose subsequent career is briefly described. Filter topics discussed include low-pass, bandpass, high-pass, and multiplexers constructed in a variety of media such as waveguide, coaxial line, microstrip, and stripline, as well as dielectric resonators. All types of filter characteristics are surveyed, such as Chebyshev, elliptic and pseudo-elliptic function, Achieser-Zolotarev, and a variety of generalized designs, including linear phase. A History of Microwave Filter Research, Design, and Development R Levy SB Cohn Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 32, No. 9. (1984), pp. 1055-1067. 2008-05-08T06:36:11-00:00 1984 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 32 9 1055 1067 design filter microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2768648 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 794-805.</i><br /><br />This paper describes the development of microwave filter technology from an applications perspective. Military applications required wide-band and tunable devices for electronic support measures receivers, which led to the development of highly selective wide-band waveguide filters, coaxial resonator and suspended-substrate multiplexers, and electronically tunable filters. The satellite communications industry created demand for low-mass narrow-band low-loss filters with severe specifications on amplitude selectivity and phase linearity. These requirements resulted in the development of dual-mode waveguide and dielectric-resonator filters, and advances in the design of contiguous multiplexers. Cellular communications base-stations demanded low-loss high power-handling selective filters with small physical size, capable of being manufactured in tens of thousands at a reasonable cost. These demands led to advances in coaxial resonator, dielectric resonator, and superconducting filters, and also to methods of cost-reduction, including computer-aided alignment. Cellular radio handsets have required the manufacture of hundreds of millions of extremely small very low-cost filters, still with reasonably low loss and high selectivity. This has driven significant advances in integrated ceramic, surface, and bulk acoustic-wave active filters and filters using micromachined electromechanical systems Microwave filters-applications and technology IC Hunter L Billonet B Jarry P Guillon doi:10.1109/22.989963 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 794-805. 2008-05-08T06:36:11-00:00 2002 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 50 3 794 805 filter microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2764032 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 35, No. 4. (1987), pp. 418-425.</i><br /><br />Some of the electrical and mechanical properties of dust are discussed. An expression for optical visibility during storms is given in terms of the relative volume occupied by dust. Expressions for attenuation and phase shift constants for a medium with precipitating dust particles are derived in terms of visibility and wavelength for both vertical and horizontal polarizations. Expressions for the attenuation and cross polarization of circularly polarized waves are also derived. Computations show that linearly polarized waves suffer but little effect. Circularly polarized waves on the other hand are significantly cross polarized. Microwave attenuation and cross polarization in dust storms S Ghobrial S Sharief Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 35, No. 4. (1987), pp. 418-425. 2008-05-07T06:51:30-00:00 1987 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] 35 4 418 425 dust microwave polarisation http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762239 <i>Circuits, Devices and Systems, IEE Proceedings G, Vol. 136, No. 6. (1989), pp. 358-360.</i><br /><br />A novel method of determining the source and drain series parasitic resistances of the MESFET is presented. This method is particularly suited to power devices since it eliminates the necessity to operate the Schottky gate with high forward bias. In addition, the values of parasitic resistances extracted from low-frequency measurements are confirmed at microwave frequencies.<<ETX>> Method for determination of parasitic resistances in microwave power MESFETs KW Eccleston Circuits, Devices and Systems, IEE Proceedings G, Vol. 136, No. 6. (1989), pp. 358-360. 2008-05-06T18:33:16-00:00 1989 Circuits, Devices and Systems, IEE Proceedings G 136 6 358 360 amplifier fet microwave power http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762226 <i>Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (1998), pp. 327-330 vol.1.</i><br /><br />This paper presents several power amplifier approaches that promise to significantly improve efficiency, while meeting the linearity requirements of advanced, spectrally efficient wireless systems. The approaches include: a) use of active integrated antenna structures that provide harmonic terminations for high efficiency Class F amplifiers; b) integrated dc-dc converters for power conditioning and envelope restoration; c) switching mode amplifiers based on bipolar transistors with controlled saturation; and d) the use of band-pass delta-sigma modulators to tailor input signals Device and circuit approaches for improved linearity and efficiency in microwave transmitters PM Asbeck T Itoh Y Qian MF Chang L Milstein G Hanington PF Chen V Schultz DW Lee DW Lee J Arun A10 doi:10.1109/MWSYM.1998.689385 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International, Vol. 1 (1998), pp. 327-330 vol.1. 2008-05-06T18:30:58-00:00 1998 Microwave Symposium Digest, 1998 IEEE MTT-S International 1 327 330 vol.1 efficiency microwave transmitter http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2762153 <i>Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 5-8.</i><br /><br />The active integrated antenna (ATA) provides a new paradigm for modern microwave and millimeter-wave system designs where compactness, light weight, low cost and multiple functionality are strongly required. This paper reviews some of the recent work in this area which has been carried out by the authors' research group at UCLA Active integrated antennas for microwave front-end technology Yongxi Qian V Radisic AR Perkons T Itoh doi:10.1109/ICMMT.1998.768214 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on (1998), pp. 5-8. 2008-05-06T17:44:42-00:00 1998 Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings, 1998. ICMMT '98. 1998 International Conference on 5 8 active antenna front-end integrated microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2758004 <i>Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications. 2000. MIKON-2000. 13th International Conference on, Vol. 3 (2000), pp. 17-22 vol.3.</i><br /><br />This paper provides an overview of numerous recent advancements in RF front end technology. Various techniques for designing novel front-end technology are outlined. Examples of the application of the active integrated antenna design approach are given for both the high-power transmitter and low-noise receiver modes. In addition, several architectures implementing novel mixer designs are presented to achieve baseband receivers and retrodirective arrays New RF front end technologies T Itoh doi:10.1109/MIKON.2000.914040 Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications. 2000. MIKON-2000. 13th International Conference on, Vol. 3 (2000), pp. 17-22 vol.3. 2008-05-05T14:10:04-00:00 2000 Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications. 2000. MIKON-2000. 13th International Conference on 3 17 22 vol.3 active antenna microwave rf http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2678774 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 54, No. 3. (2006), pp. 1196-1200.</i><br /><br />In this paper, one improved wide-band Schiffman phase shifter is presented by modifying the ground plane underneath the coupled lines. In this new design, with the ground plane under the coupled lines removed, the even-mode impedance will be increased substantially. Meanwhile, we propose that one additional isolated rectangular conductor is placed under the coupled lines to act as one capacitor so that the odd-mode impedance is decreased. The proposed new design was simulated by the full-wave electromagnetic software IE3D and validated by the measurement. Compared with the cascading microstrip multisection coupled-line configuration, our newly proposed planar one with a patterned ground plane is small in size and, meanwhile, has a good performance. As an example, one Schiffman phase shifter on a double-sided printed circuit board is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. The measured amplitude and phase imbalance between the two paths are within 0.5 dB and 5/spl deg/, respectively, over the frequency band from 1.5 to 3.1 GHz, or around 70% bandwidth. The measured return loss is found to be better than -12 dB over the operating frequency band. Improved wide-band Schiffman phase shifter Yong-Xin Guo Zhen-Yu Zhang Ling Ong doi:10.1109/TMTT.2005.864105 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 54, No. 3. (2006), pp. 1196-1200. 2008-04-16T19:16:31-00:00 2006 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 54 3 1196 1200 microwave phase-shifter schiffman wideband http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2674709 <i>Microwave Conference, 2007. European (2007), pp. 400-403.</i><br /><br />In this paper, metamaterial-based transmission lines will be discussed, with a focus placed on how these structures can be utilized in microwave systems. The different devices necessary for a basic dual-band receiver will be discussed and it will be shown how these dual-band components can be realized using metamaterial-based structure. Also, two different types of two-dimensional beam scanning systems will be introduced that utilize both one and two dimensional metamaterial-based structures. Practical applications of metamaterial-based structures in microwave systems CA Allen A Lai Cheng-Jung Lee T Itoh doi:10.1109/EUMC.2007.4405211 Microwave Conference, 2007. European (2007), pp. 400-403. 2008-04-15T18:08:16-00:00 2007 Microwave Conference, 2007. European 400 403 metamaterial microwave structure http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2674438 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 678-687.</i><br /><br />An overview of electronically scanned array technology with a brief introduction of the basic theory and array architectures are presented. Implementations, current state-of-the-art, and future trends are briefly reviewed in Part II of this paper Phased arrays - part 1: theory and architectures D Parker DC Zimmermann doi:10.1109/22.989953 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 678-687. 2008-04-15T17:45:01-00:00 2002 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 50 3 678 687 antenna array microwave theory http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2674436 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 688-698.</i><br /><br />In part I of this paper, we presented the basic architectures and theory for passive and active phased arrays. Here, we review array implementation, state-of-the-art applications, and identify future trends in phased-array technology Phased arrays-part II: implementations, applications, and future trends D Parker DC Zimmermann doi:10.1109/22.989954 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 50, No. 3. (2002), pp. 688-698. 2008-04-15T17:43:45-00:00 2002 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 50 3 688 698 antenna array microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2674417 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 55, No. 4. (2007), pp. 729-735.</i><br /><br />This paper describes how circuit and system models are derived for antennas from measurement of the input reflection coefficient. Circuit models are used to optimize the antenna performance and to calculate the radiated power and the transfer function of the antenna. System models are then derived for transmitting and receiving antennas. The most important contribution of this study is to show how microwave structures can be integrated into the simulation of digital communication systems. This enables system designers to predict the effect of the microwave subsystem on the digital signals and calculate the resulting bit error rate System and Circuit Models for Microwave Antennas MI Sobhy B Sanz-Izquierdo JC Batchelor doi:10.1109/TMTT.2007.893675 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 55, No. 4. (2007), pp. 729-735. 2008-04-15T17:39:59-00:00 2007 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 55 4 729 735 analysis antenna circuit microwave model simulation http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2674410 <i>Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2000. IEEE, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 162-165 vol.1.</i><br /><br />As part of the development path towards a new radio telescope, the Square Kilometre Array, a demonstrator phased-array system (THEA) is currently being build in the Netherlands. THEA consists of 1024 receiving elements connected to a novel mixed RF/digital beamforming architecture that produces 32 beams simultaneously. Adaptive digital nulling techniques are applied to reduce the effect of interfering signals. A system overview is presented as well as some preliminary results THousand Element Array (THEA) AB Smolders GW Kant doi:10.1109/APS.2000.873735 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2000. IEEE, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 162-165 vol.1. 2008-04-15T17:38:51-00:00 2000 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2000. IEEE 1 162 165 vol.1 antenna array microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2673364 <i>Communications, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 39, No. 6. (1991), pp. 847-855.</i><br /><br />The authors describe the application of the singular value decomposition Prony (SVDP) algorithm to the analysis of the time-variant structure of a microwave line-of-sight multipath channel. The algorithm deduces the multipath ray delays and associated amplitudes from measurements made in the frequency domain. The capability of this algorithm to resolve closely spaced rays is demonstrated by analyzing both computer simulated data and field measurements. The authors present experimental results of the time-variant structure of the transmittance <e1>H</e1>(<e1>jw</e1>,<e1>t</e1>) and include the evolution in time of the amplitude, group delay, and the constituting rays thus giving direct insight into the underlying multipath mechanism of line-of-sight microwave links Analysis of the time-variant structure of microwave line-of-sight multipath phenomena WH Lau J Austin A Hewitt E Vilar L Martin doi:10.1109/26.87174 Communications, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 39, No. 6. (1991), pp. 847-855. 2008-04-15T12:49:05-00:00 1991 Communications, IEEE Transactions on 39 6 847 855 los microwave multipath time http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2648184 <i>The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 25, No. 3. (1 February 2005), pp. 350-360.</i><br /><br />It is evident that embedded passive components (EPCs) allow packaging substrate miniaturization and have the potential to reduce costs. Moreover, they exhibit superior electrical behaviour with respect to the minimization of parasitic effects. However, as for most emerging technologies, there is no well-established process or method for EPCs that lead to the desired result, but many have been and are still being investigated. This article attempts to review the state of the art of resistor and capacitor EPCs, including an assessment of the pros and cons of the various technologies pursued. In the review, it is found that compared to discrete surface mount devices, EPCs provide (in order of current importance): space reduction of 30% or more, better HF signal integrity and potential cost reduction. Embedded resistors in thin-film technology are, in general, restricted to small resistance values up to a few kΩ. Embedded resistors in ceramic thick-film technology require a high temperature curing process and much care during lamination, but they can be combined with embedded capacitors and exhibit high stability. Whereas embedded resistors in polymer thick-film technology require a low curing temperature and can be combined with capacitors, they exhibit poorer electrical properties and stability. Moreover, tolerances of embedded resistors after manufacturing are exceeded by 15%, independent of the manufacturing technology, which means that laser trimming is required. Embedded capacitors are based mostly on barium-titanite with a dielectric constant of only approximately 20, which limits the capacitance density to a few nF/in 2. Ferroelectric material with a dielectric constant up to 2000 for embedded capacitors has been investigated but not yet established. Besides the traditional screen print technology for the deposition of pastes and inks, the ink-jet technology becomes more promising. Much higher flexibility with respect to material composition, layer thickness and even active components like LEDs have already been produced by ink-jetting. Embedded components in printed circuit boards: a processing technology review W Jillek WKC Yung doi:10.1007/s00170-003-1872-y The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 25, No. 3. (1 February 2005), pp. 350-360. 2008-04-10T06:55:04-00:00 2005 The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 25 3 350 360 circuit component microwave printed http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2648117 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 43, No. 4. (1995), pp. 730-738.</i><br /><br />Planar microwave and millimeter-wave inductors and capacitors have been fabricated on high-resistivity silicon substrates using micro-machining techniques. The inductors and capacitors are suspended on a thin dielectric membrane to reduce the parasitic capacitance to ground. The resonant frequencies of a 1.2 nH and a 1.7-nH inductor have been increased from 22 GHz and 17 GHz to around 70 GHz and 50 GHz, respectively. We also report on the design and measurement of a new class of stripline filters suspended on a thin dielectric membrane. Interdigitated filters with 43% and 5% bandwidth have been fabricated and exhibit a port-to-port 0.7 dB and 2.0 dB loss, respectively, at 14-15 GHz. The micro-machining fabrication technique can be used with silicon and GaAs substrates in microstrip or coplanar-waveguide configurations to result in planar low-loss lumped elements and filters suitable for monolithic integration or surface mount devices up to 100 GHz Planar microwave and millimeter-wave lumped elements and coupled-line filters using micro-machining techniques Chen-Yu Chi GM Rebiez doi:10.1109/22.375218 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 43, No. 4. (1995), pp. 730-738. 2008-04-10T06:26:36-00:00 1995 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 43 4 730 738 component filter lumped microwave planar tesis http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2618971 <i>Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 40, No. 1. (1991), pp. 203-210.</i><br /><br />A propagation experiment has been designed and conducted at 900 MHz and 11 GHz to characterize microcell channels using various antennas at two distinct frequencies. It is found that propagation in rural areas is dominated by interference between the direct, line-of-sight ray and a specular roadway-reflected ray. In urban areas, the addition of four specular wall-reflected rays adequately represents microcell propagation. The dependence of mean power falloff, measured mean power and calculated power on distance was determined. The λ/2 scale microvariations of the received power are reduced compared to the variations in present cellular radio systems. For urban sites using omnidirectional base and mobile antennas, the RMS delay spread due to road- and wall-reflected rays was obtained from a six-ray model. Using a 20-dB horn for the mobile antenna can reduce this delay spread Radio propagation at microwave frequencies for line-of-sight microcellular mobile and personal communications AJ Rustako N Amitay GJ Owens RS Roman doi:10.1109/25.69989 Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 40, No. 1. (1991), pp. 203-210. 2008-04-01T09:03:14-00:00 1991 Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on 40 1 203 210 frequency los microwave mobile propagation radio http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2531482 <i>Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 32, No. 1. (1983), pp. 110-116.</i><br /><br />This paper reviews the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) preision noise measurements program for antenna systems which have been made using Cassiopeia A and the moon. The Earth Terminal Measurement System (ETMS) was developed by NBS to make measurements of figure of merit (G/T), and the noise equivalent flux (NEF). The accuracy of the noise measurements are, typically, between 5 and 15 percent for systems with antenna gains between 51 and 65 dB and frequencies between 1 and 10 GHz. Key words¿antenna gain; antenna half-power beamwidth; atmospheric loss; Cassiopeia A; earth terminal measurement system; figure of merit; moon; noise equivalent flux; noise measurement; radio stars; satellite communication. Precision Measurement of Antenna System Noise Using Radio Stars David Wait doi:10.1109/TIM.1983.4315019 Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 32, No. 1. (1983), pp. 110-116. 2008-03-14T10:05:47-00:00 1983 Instrumentation and Measurement, IEEE Transactions on 32 1 110 116 antenna microwave noise radio temperature http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2531476 <i>Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 35, No. 1. (1993), pp. 7-13.</i><br /><br />OLYMPUS, the NASA sponsored, JPL-managed, K<e1>a</e1>-band propagation measurement campaign carried out at Virginia Tech and many European sites, is discussed. The basic physics involved, the OLYMPUS experiment itself, and the advanced communications technology satellite (ACTS) program, the purpose of which is to demonstrate the feasibility of the K<e1>a</e1>-band (20 and 30 GHz) spectrum for satellite communications, as well as to help maintain US leadership in satellite communications. are described The Ka-band propagation measurements campaign at JPL D Chakraborty F Davarian WL Stutzman doi:10.1109/74.210825 Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE, Vol. 35, No. 1. (1993), pp. 7-13. 2008-03-14T10:03:14-00:00 1993 Antennas and Propagation Magazine, IEEE 35 1 7 13 communication microwave propagation http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2531474 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 32, No. 7. (1984), pp. 762-767.</i><br /><br />Natural radio noise in telecommunication systems can be accounted for by the contribution which it makes to antenna noise temperature. Attenuation due to water vapor and oxygen, clouds, and precipitation is accompanied by thermal noise which further degrades the applicable signal-to-noise ratio. Extraterrestrial noise may be of thermal or nonthermal origin and may cover a continuum of frequencies or occur at discrete frequencies. The spectral index<tex>n</tex>(the exponent giving the variation of noise power density with wavelength) is -2 for a black body and between 0 and -2 for thermal emission in general. The mechanism responsible for much of the extensive nonthermal extraterrestrial noise is synchrotron radiation, characterized by a positive spectral index. Natural radio noise--A mini-review W Flock E Smith Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 32, No. 7. (1984), pp. 762-767. 2008-03-14T10:02:16-00:00 1984 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] 32 7 762 767 antenna microwave noise radio http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2531455 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 12, No. 7. (1964), pp. 930-938.</i><br /><br />A general survey of the principles of radio astronomy receivers is presented. System noise temperature, the sensitivity of different receiver types, and the calibration of receivers are studied. A total-power receiver is analyzed as a basic radio telescope receiver and the results are used to obtain the performance of other receiver types such as the Dicke receiver, Graham's receiver, correlation receiver, and phase-switching receiver. Radio astronomy receivers M Tiuri Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 12, No. 7. (1964), pp. 930-938. 2008-03-14T10:01:27-00:00 1964 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] 12 7 930 938 antenna microwave noise receiver temperature http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2421499 <i>Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 9, No. 2. (1961), pp. 140-153.</i><br /><br />A microwave antenna can be designed in the form of two reflecting dishes and a feed, based on the principle of the Cassegrain optical telescope. There are a variety of shapes and sizes available, all described by the same set of equations. The essential performance of a Cassegrain double-reflector system may be easily analyzed by means of the equivalent-parabola single-reflector concept. Techniques are available for reducing the aperture blocking by the sub dish of the Cassegraln system: one method minimizes the blocking by optimizing the geometry of the feed and sub dish; other methods avoid the blocking by means of polarization-twisting schemes. The former method yields good performance in a simple Cassegrain antenna when the beamwidth is about<tex>1deg</tex>or less. The latter methods are available for any application not requiring polarization diversity, and an optimized set of polarization-operative surfaces has been developed for these twisting Cassegrain antennas. Experimental results, presented for practical antennas of both types, illustrate the feasibility of these principles. A number of unusual benefits have been obtained in the various Cassegrain antenna designs, and additional interesting features remain to be exploited. Microwave antennas derived from the cassegrain telescope P Hannan Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988], Vol. 9, No. 2. (1961), pp. 140-153. 2008-02-24T13:37:07-00:00 1961 Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] 9 2 140 153 antennas cassegrain microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/2075640 <i>Metamaterials, Vol. 1, No. 2. (December 2007), pp. 53-61.</i><br /><br />Negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterials comprise transmission lines loaded periodically with series capacitors and shunt inductors, such that the phase flow and power flow are contra-directional on the lines. These NRI-TL media exhibit properties that can be utilized for miniaturizing microwave components and antennas. In this mainly review paper, a compact antenna, power divider and branch-line coupler are presented to demonstrate the miniaturization techniques enabled by NRI-TLs. Furthermore, a generalized NRI-TL is described that exhibits two left-handed and two right-handed bands. This can be exploited for realizing compact dual-band and quad-band RF/microwave components. This generalized NRI-TL can be designed to exhibit two distinct frequencies where the corresponding propagation constants vanish. Miniaturized microwave components and antennas using negative-refractive-index transmission-line (NRI-TL) metamaterials George Eleftheriades Rubaiyat Islam doi:10.1016/j.metmat.2007.08.001 Metamaterials, Vol. 1, No. 2. (December 2007), pp. 53-61. 2007-12-08T00:54:37-00:00 2007 Metamaterials 1 2 53 61 antenna metamaterial microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/1915044 <i>Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 27, No. 12. (1979), pp. 987-993.</i><br /><br />In an earlier paper, the use of a "thru-short-delay" (TSD) technique for calibrating the dual six-port automatic network analyzer was described. Another scheme required only a length of precision transmission line and a "calibration circuit." The better features of these two somewhat different approaches have now been combined and the requirement for either a known short, or a "calibration circuit" eliminated. This paper will develop the theory for this new procedure. Thru-Reflect-Line: An Improved Technique for Calibrating the Dual Six-Port Automatic Network Analyzer GF Engen CA Hoer Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on, Vol. 27, No. 12. (1979), pp. 987-993. 2007-11-14T17:45:16-00:00 1979 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 27 12 987 993 calibration circuits microwave http://www.citeulike.org/user/dcastro/article/1856862 <i>Science, Vol. 314, No. 5801. (10 November 2006), pp. 977-980.</i><br /><br />A recently published theory has suggested that a cloak of invisibility is in principle possible, at least over a narrow frequency band. We describe here the first practical realization of such a cloak; in our demonstration, a copper cylinder was "hidden" inside a cloak constructed according to the previous theoretical prescription. The cloak was constructed with the use of artificially structured metamaterials, designed for operation over a band of microwave frequencies. The cloak decreased scattering from the hidden object while at the same time reducing its shadow, so that the cloak and object combined began to resemble empty space. 10.1126/science.1133628 Metamaterial Electromagnetic Cloak at Microwave Frequencies D Schurig JJ Mock BJ Justice SA Cummer JB Pendry AF Starr DR Smith doi:10.1126/science.1133628 Science, Vol. 314, No. 5801. (10 November 2006), pp. 977-980. 2007-11-02T17:43:11-00:00 2006 Science 314 5801 977 980 frequency metamaterial microwave