Sun, 27 Jul 2008 07:49:30 BST CiteULike: dchen's Cooper http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/author/Cooper CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/701292 <i>Physical Review, Vol. 108, No. 5. (1 December 1957), 1175.</i><br /><br />A theory of superconductivity is presented; based on the fact that the interaction between electrons resulting from virtual exchange of phonons is attractive when the energy difference between the electrons states involved is less than the phonon energy; âÏ. It is favorable to form a superconducting phase when this attractive interaction dominates the repulsive screened Coulomb interaction. The normal phase is described by the Bloch individual-particle model. The ground state of a superconductor; formed from a linear combination of normal state configurations in which electrons are virtually excited in pairs of opposite spin and momentum; is lower in energy than the normal state by amount proportional to an average (âÏ) 2 ; consistent with the isotope effect. A mutually orthogonal set of excited states in one-to-one correspondence with those of the normal phase is obtained by specifying occupation of certain Bloch states and by using the rest to form a linear combination of virtual pair configurations. The theory yields a second-order phase transition and a Meissner effect in the form suggested by Pippard. Calculated values of specific heats and penetration depths and their temperature variation are in good agreement with experiment. There is an energy gap for individual-particle excitations which decreases from about 3.5 k T c at T =0°K to zero at T c . Tables of matrix elements of single-particle operators between the excited-state superconducting wave functions; useful for perturbation expansions and calculations of transition probabilities; are given. Theory of Superconductivity J Bardeen LN Cooper JR Schrieffer doi:10.1103/PhysRev.108.1175 Physical Review, Vol. 108, No. 5. (1 December 1957), 1175. 2006-06-19T20:17:17-00:00 1957 Physical Review 108 5 1175 American Physical Society bcs classic theory http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/1706384 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, No. 13. (2004)</i><br /><br />The particle dynamics in a liquid exhibits a transient spatial distribution of dynamic heterogeneities. The relationship between this kinetic structure and the underlying particle configuration remains an outstanding problem. In this Letter, we present a general simulation technique for identifying the features of the dynamic heterogeneity which arise due to a specific configuration, as distinct from the random spatial variation due to the intermittent particle dynamics. How Reproducible Are Dynamic Heterogeneities in a Supercooled Liquid? Asaph Cooper Peter Harrowell H Fynewever doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.135701 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 93, No. 13. (2004) 2007-09-28T20:46:54-00:00 2004 Physical Review Letters 93 13 APS 2d heterogeneity journalclub simulation