CiteULike: dchen's emulsion http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/tag/emulsion CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/1210848 <i>Science, Vol. 298, No. 5595. (1 November 2002), pp. 1006-1009.</i><br /><br />10.1126/science.1074868 Colloidosomes: Selectively Permeable Capsules Composed of Colloidal Particles AD Dinsmore Ming Hsu MG Nikolaides Manuel Marquez AR Bausch DA Weitz doi:10.1126/science.1074868 Science, Vol. 298, No. 5595. (1 November 2002), pp. 1006-1009. 2007-04-05T12:51:02-00:00 Science 298 5595 1006 1009 colloidosome dinsmore emulsion science http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2735554 <i>Langmuir, Vol. 21, No. 1. (4 January 2005), pp. 191-194.</i><br /><br />Abstract: The self-assembly of nanoparticles at fluid interfaces, driven by the reduction in interfacial energy, was investigated. With spherical, tri-n-octyl-phosphine-oxide covered cadium selenide (CdSe) nanoparticles (1-8 nm), thermal fluctuations compete with the interfacial segregation giving rise to a size-dependent self-assembly of the particles. The structure of the nanoparticle assembly was studied using electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray scattering in situ, which indicate that the particles form a densely packed monolayer. The energetics of the adsorption of nanoparticles onto the interface was revealed by time-dependent fluorescence studies on a mixture of two different sized nanoparticles at the interface. The dynamics of the nanoparticles at the fluid interface, probed using fluorescence photobleaching methods, suggests a liquid-like behavior. The results have implications in the design of hierarchical self-assemblies of nanoparticles for the one-step fabrication of devices on multiple length scales. Nanoparticle Assembly at Fluid Interfaces: Structure and Dynamics Y Lin A Boker H Skaff D Cookson AD Dinsmore T Emrick TP Russell doi:10.1021/la048000q Langmuir, Vol. 21, No. 1. (4 January 2005), pp. 191-194. 2008-04-29T22:19:44-00:00 Langmuir 21 1 191 194 dinsmore emulsion interface nano http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2735404 <i>Nature materials, Vol. 6, No. 12. (December 2007), pp. 966-971.</i><br /><br />Recent large-scale computer simulations suggest that it may be possible to create a new class of soft solids, called 'bijels', by stabilizing and arresting the bicontinuous interface in a binary liquid demixing via spinodal decomposition using particles that are neutrally wetted by both liquids. The interfacial layer of particles is expected to be semi-permeable; hence, if realized, these new materials would have many potential applications, for example, as micro-reaction media. However, the creation of bijels in the laboratory faces serious obstacles. In general, fast quench rates are necessary to bypass nucleation, so that only samples with limited thickness can be produced, which destroys the three-dimensionality of the putative bicontinuous network. Moreover, even a small degree of unequal wettability of the particles by the two liquids can lead to ill-characterized, 'lumpy' interfacial layers and therefore irreproducible material properties. Here, we report a reproducible protocol for creating three-dimensional samples of bijel in which the interfaces are stabilized by essentially a single layer of particles. We demonstrate how to tune the mean interfacial separation in these bijels, and show that mechanically, they indeed behave as soft solids. These characteristics and their tunability will be of great value for microfluidic applications. Bicontinuous emulsions stabilized solely by colloidal particles. EM Herzig KA White AB Schofield WC Poon PS Clegg doi:10.1038/nmat2055 Nature materials, Vol. 6, No. 12. (December 2007), pp. 966-971. 2008-04-29T20:39:54-00:00 Nature materials 1476-1122 6 12 966 971 2007 binary colloids edinburgh emulsion interface nature poon http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/889054 <i>Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 18, No. 41. (18 October 2006), pp. R635-R666.</i> Nanoemulsions: formation, structure, and physical properties Mason Wilking Meleson Chang Graves doi:10.1088/0953-8984/18/41/R01 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 18, No. 41. (18 October 2006), pp. R635-R666. 2006-10-08T01:37:08-00:00 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 0953-8984 18 41 R635 R666 Institute of Physics Publishing emulsion mason review http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2730434 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, No. 16. (19 October 1992), 2439.</i> Stability criteria for emulsions J Bibette DC Morse TA Witten DA Weitz doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.69.2439 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, No. 16. (19 October 1992), 2439. 2008-04-28T16:23:12-00:00 Physical Review Letters 69 16 2439 American Physical Society emulsion mason weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2730409 <i>Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 179, No. 2. (10 May 1996), pp. 439-448.</i><br /><br />We have measured the yield transition of monodisperse emulsions as the volume fraction, [phi], and droplet radius,a, are varied. We study the crossover from the perturbative shear regime, which reflects the linear viscoelastic properties, to the steady shear regime, which reflects nonlinear, plastic flow. For small oscillatory strains of peak amplitude [gamma], the peak stress, [tau], is linearly proportional to [gamma]. As the strain is increased, the stress becomes nonlinear in [gamma] at the yield strain, [gamma]y. The [phi] dependence of [gamma]yis independent ofaand exhibits a minimum near the critical volume fraction, [phi]c[approximate] 0.635, associated with the random close packing of monodisperse spheres. We show that the yield stress, [tau]y, increases dramatically as the volume fraction increases above [phi]c; [tau]yalso scales with the Laplace pressure, [sigma]/a, where [sigma] is the interfacial tension. For comparison, we also determine the steady shear stress over a wide range of strain rates, [gamma]. Below [phi] [approximate] 0.70, the flow is homogeneous throughout the sample, while for higher [phi], the emulsion fractures resulting in highly inhomogeneous flow along the fracture plane. Above [phi] [approximate] 0.58, the steady shear stress exhibits a low strain rate plateau which corresponds with the yield stress measured with the oscillatory technique. Moreover, [tau]yexhibits a robust power law dependence on [gamma] with exponents decreasing with [phi], varying from to . Below [phi] [approximate] 0.58, associated with the colloidal glass transition, the plateau stress disappears entirely, suggesting that the equilibrium glassy dynamics are important in identifying the onset of the yield behavior. Yielding and Flow of Monodisperse Emulsions TG Mason J Bibette DA Weitz doi:10.1006/jcis.1996.0235 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 179, No. 2. (10 May 1996), pp. 439-448. 2008-04-28T16:14:56-00:00 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 179 2 439 448 emulsion mason weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722885 <i>Physical Review E, Vol. 52, No. 6. (1 December 1995), 6289.</i> Thermal fluctuations of the shapes of droplets in dense and compressed emulsions Hu Gang AH Krall DA Weitz doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.52.6289 Physical Review E, Vol. 52, No. 6. (1 December 1995), 6289. 2008-04-27T00:26:02-00:00 Physical Review E 52 6 6289 American Physical Society emulsion fluctuation temperature weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722882 <i>Physical Review E, Vol. 59, No. 3. (1 March 1999), 3765.</i> Comment on "Thermal fluctuations of the shapes of droplets in dense and compressed emulsions" V Lisy B Brutovsky doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.59.3765 Physical Review E, Vol. 59, No. 3. (1 March 1999), 3765. 2008-04-27T00:25:21-00:00 Physical Review E 59 3 3765 American Physical Society comments emulsion http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722873 <i>Langmuir, Vol. 13, No. 17. (20 August 1997), pp. 4600-4613.</i><br /><br />Abstract: We have experimentally studied the shear-induced rupturing of viscous droplets in viscoelastic complex fluids. Remarkably, a premixed emulsion of large, polydisperse droplets can be ruptured into monodisperse emulsions of uniform colloidal droplets. The monodispersity becomes most pronounced when the premixed emulsion is viscoelastic and has a shear-thinning viscosity. Since viscoelastic materials may fracture, we reduce the gap of our shear cell to ensure a spatially uniform strain rate for rupturing. We observe monodispersity whether the viscoelasticity arises from the suspending fluid (e.g., concentrated surfactant solution) or droplet deformation as in compressed emulsions. Our observations suggest that the monodispersity results from droplet rupturing alone and that the capillary instability is inhibited by the partial elasticity of the complex fluid. We use the monodispersity to study how the droplet size depends upon the shear rate and composition. Shear Rupturing of Droplets in Complex Fluids TG Mason J Bibette doi:10.1021/la9700580 Langmuir, Vol. 13, No. 17. (20 August 1997), pp. 4600-4613. 2008-04-27T00:19:24-00:00 Langmuir 13 17 4600 4613 emulsion mason shear http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722869 <i>Physics of Fluids, Vol. 6, No. 1. (1994), pp. 80-94.</i><br /><br />View this record in Web of Science Pressure-driven flow of suspensions of liquid drops Hua Zhou C Pozrikidis Physics of Fluids, Vol. 6, No. 1. (1994), pp. 80-94. 2008-04-27T00:15:54-00:00 Physics of Fluids 6 1 80 94 AIP emulsion flow qualifer http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722867 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 76, No. 18. (29 April 1996), 3448.</i> Model for the Elasticity of Compressed Emulsions Martin-D Lacasse Gary Grest Dov Levine TG Mason DA Weitz doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.3448 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 76, No. 18. (29 April 1996), 3448. 2008-04-27T00:13:18-00:00 Physical Review Letters 76 18 3448 American Physical Society elasticity emulsion weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722865 <i>Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 327, No. 3-4. (15 September 2003), pp. 201-212.</i><br /><br />The micromechanics of a variety of systems experiencing a structural arrest due to their high density could be unified by a thermodynamic framework governing their approach to [`]jammed' configurations. The mechanism of supporting an applied stress through the microstructure of these highly packed materials is important in inferring the features responsible for the inhomo- geneous stress transmission and testing the universality for all jammed matter. In this paper, we present a novel method for measuring the force distribution within the bulk of a compressed emulsion system using confocal microscopy and explain our results with a simple theoretical model and computer simulations. We obtain an exponential distribution at large forces and a small peak at small forces, in agreement with previous experimental and simulation data for other particulate systems. Measuring the distribution of interdroplet forces in a compressed emulsion system Jasna Brujic Edwards Ian Hopkinson Hernán Makse doi:10.1016/S0378-4371(03)00477-1 Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 327, No. 3-4. (15 September 2003), pp. 201-212. 2008-04-27T00:12:13-00:00 Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 327 3-4 201 212 emulsion force technique http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/1699145 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 75, No. 26. (25 December 1995), 4780.</i><br /><br />By focusing on entire bubbles rather than films or vertices; a simple model is proposed for the deformation and flow of foam in which dimensionality; polydispersity; and liquid content can easily be varied. Simulation results are presented for the linear elastic properties as a function of bubble volume fraction; showing a melting transition where the static shear modulus vanishes and the relaxation time scale peaks. Results are also presented for shear stress versus strain rate; showing intermittent flow via avalanchelike topological rearrangements and Bingham-plastic behavior. Foam Mechanics at the Bubble Scale DJ Durian doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.4780 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 75, No. 26. (25 December 1995), 4780. 2007-09-27T03:41:32-00:00 Physical Review Letters 75 26 4780 American Physical Society durian emulsion foam force http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/1706975 <i>Physical Review E, Vol. 59, No. 1. (January 1999), 715.</i><br /><br />A liquid-glass transition was observed experimentally in a new system; an oil-in-water emulsion. Dynamic light scattering was employed to obtain the intermediate scattering function f(q;t) for a range of volume fractions φ and scattering vectors q . The results are compared with predictions of the mode coupling theory. While the usual idealized version of the theory provides accurate fits to the data on the liquid side of the transition; fits for volume fractions near the transition and in the glass phase were found to require the extended version; presumably due to an additional decay mechanism related to the deformability of the oil droplets. Emulsion glasses: A dynamic light-scattering study Hu Gang AH Krall HZ Cummins DA Weitz doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.59.715 Physical Review E, Vol. 59, No. 1. (January 1999), 715. 2007-09-29T02:17:32-00:00 Physical Review E 59 1 715 American Physical Society emulsion weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722836 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 75, No. 10. (1995), 2051.</i> Elasticity of Compressed Emulsions TG Mason J Bibette DA Weitz doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.75.2051 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 75, No. 10. (1995), 2051. 2008-04-26T23:57:13-00:00 Physical Review Letters 75 10 2051 American Physical Society elasticity emulsion mason weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2722744 <i></i> 3D bulk measurements of the force distribution in a compressed emulsion system Jasna 2008-04-26T22:58:14-00:00 emulsion force http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2719755 <i>Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 138302 (2006)</i><br /><br />The nonlinear rheological response of soft glassy materials is addressed experimentally by focusing on concentrated emulsions where interdroplet attraction is tuned through varying the surfactant content. Velocity profiles are recorded using ultrasonic velocimetry simultaneously to global rheological data in the Couette geometry. Our data show that nonadhesive and adhesive emulsions have radically different flow behaviors in the vicinity of yielding: while the flow remains homogeneous in the nonadhesive emulsion and the Herschel-Bulkley model for a yield stress fluid describes the data very accurately, the adhesive system displays shear localization and does not follow a simple constitutive equation, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in yielding transitions are not universal. Yielding and Flow in Adhesive and Nonadhesive Concentrated Emulsions Lydiane Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 138302 (2006) 2008-04-25T23:31:45-00:00 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 138302 (2006) emulsion shear technique http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2719357 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, No. 24. (16 June 1997), 4657.</i> Yielding and Rearrangements in Disordered Emulsions P Hébraud F Lequeux JP Munch DJ Pine doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4657 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 78, No. 24. (16 June 1997), 4657. 2008-04-25T19:52:15-00:00 Physical Review Letters 78 24 4657 American Physical Society emulsion pine shear http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2714211 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, No. 16. (2003), pp. 2610-2612.</i><br /><br />View This Record in Scopus Phase switching of ordered arrays of liquid crystal emulsions D Rudhardt Fernández Nieves DR Link DA Weitz Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 82, No. 16. (2003), pp. 2610-2612. 2008-04-24T19:51:28-00:00 Applied Physics Letters 82 16 2610 2612 AIP emulsion liquidcrystal phase weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2713983 <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, No. 19. (16 September 2003), pp. 10718-10721.</i><br /><br />Vesicles are bilayers of lipid molecules enclosing a fixed volume of aqueous solution. Ubiquitous in cells, they can be produced in vitro to study the physical properties of biological membranes and for use in drug delivery and cosmetics. Biological membranes are, in fact, a fluid mosaic of lipids and other molecules; the richness of their chemical and mechanical properties in vivo is often dictated by an asymmetric distribution of these molecules. Techniques for vesicle preparation have been based on the spontaneous assembly of lipid bilayers, precluding the formation of such asymmetric structures. Partial asymmetry has been achieved only with chemical methods greatly restricting the study of the physical and chemical properties of asymmetric vesicles and their use in potential applications for drug delivery. Here we describe the systematic engineering of unilamellar vesicles assembled with two independently prepared monolayers; this process produces asymmetries as high as 95%. We demonstrate the versatility of our method by investigating the stability of the asymmetry. We also use it to engineer hybrid structures comprised of an inner leaflet of diblock copolymer and an independent lipid outer leaflet. 10.1073/pnas.1931005100 Engineering asymmetric vesicles Sophie Pautot Barbara Frisken DA Weitz doi:10.1073/pnas.1931005100 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, No. 19. (16 September 2003), pp. 10718-10721. 2008-04-24T19:14:13-00:00 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 19 10718 10721 emulsion technique weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2710303 <i>J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 126, No. 43. (3 November 2004), pp. 14117-14122.</i><br /><br />Abstract: We fabricate and characterize capsules that are composite membranes, made of a polymer network stabilized by adsorption to colloids and inflated by osmotic pressure from internal free polyelectrolyte; here, poly-L-lysine forms the network and inflates the capsules. To assess these capsules' properties and structure, we deform capsules using microcantilevers and use finite element modeling to describe these deformations. Additional experimental tests confirm the model's validity. These capsules' resilient response to mechanical forces indicates that loading and shear should be good triggers for the release of contents via deformation. The osmotic pressure inflating these capsules has the potential to trigger release of contents via deflation in response to changes in the capsules' environment; we demonstrate addition of salt as a trigger for deflating capsules. Because these capsules have a variety of release triggers available and the technique used to fabricate them is very flexible and allows high encapsulation efficiency, these capsules have very high potential for application in many areas. Self-Assembled Polymer Membrane Capsules Inflated by Osmotic Pressure VD Gordon X Chen JW Hutchinson AR Bausch M Marquez DA Weitz doi:10.1021/ja0474749 J. Am. Chem. Soc., Vol. 126, No. 43. (3 November 2004), pp. 14117-14122. 2008-04-23T21:53:12-00:00 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 43 14117 14122 emulsion technique weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2710276 <i>Langmuir, Vol. 21, No. 7. (29 March 2005), pp. 2963-2970.</i><br /><br />Abstract: We construct shells with tunable morphology and mechanical response with colloidal particles that self-assemble at the interface of emulsion droplets. Particles self-assemble to minimize the total interfacial energy, spontaneously forming a particle layer that encapsulates the droplets. We stabilize these layers to form solid shells at the droplet interface by aggregating the particles, connecting the particles with adsorbed polymer, or fusing the particles. These techniques reproducibly yield shells with controllable properties such as elastic moduli and breaking forces. To enable diffusive exchange through the particle shells, we transfer them into solvents that are miscible with the encapsulant. We characterize the mechanical properties of the shells by measuring the response to deformation by calibrated microcantilevers. Self-assembled Shells Composed of Colloidal Particles: Fabrication and Characterization MF Hsu MG Nikolaides AD Dinsmore AR Bausch VD Gordon X Chen JW Hutchinson DA Weitz M Marquez doi:10.1021/la0472394 Langmuir, Vol. 21, No. 7. (29 March 2005), pp. 2963-2970. 2008-04-23T21:31:14-00:00 Langmuir 21 7 2963 2970 colloids dinsmore emulsion technique weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2710273 <i>Science, Vol. 308, No. 5721. (22 April 2005), pp. 537-541.</i><br /><br />Double emulsions are highly structured fluids consisting of emulsion drops that contain smaller droplets inside. Although double emulsions are potentially of commercial value, traditional fabrication by means of two emulsification steps leads to very ill-controlled structuring. Using a microcapillary device, we fabricated double emulsions that contained a single internal droplet in a core-shell geometry. We show that the droplet size can be quantitatively predicted from the flow profiles of the fluids. The double emulsions were used to generate encapsulation structures by manipulating the properties of the fluid that makes up the shell. The high degree of control afforded by this method and the completely separate fluid streams make this a flexible and promising technique. 10.1126/science.1109164 Monodisperse Double Emulsions Generated from a Microcapillary Device AS Utada E Lorenceau DR Link PD Kaplan HA Stone DA Weitz doi:10.1126/science.1109164 Science, Vol. 308, No. 5721. (22 April 2005), pp. 537-541. 2008-04-23T21:28:11-00:00 Science 308 5721 537 541 emulsion microrheology weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2709789 <i>Langmuir, Vol. 22, No. 10. (9 May 2006), pp. 4457-4461.</i><br /><br />Abstract: We investigate the formation of polymer vesicles, or polymersomes, of polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers using double emulsion droplets of controlled architecture as templates. To engineer the structure of the polymersomes, it is important to consider the concentration of diblock copolymer in the middle phase of the double emulsion. We describe how the presence of excess polymer can induce a transition from complete wetting to partial wetting of the middle phase, resulting in polymer shells with inhomogeneous thicknesses. Dewetting Instability during the Formation of Polymersomes from Block-Copolymer-Stabilized Double Emulsions RC Hayward AS Utada N Dan DA Weitz doi:10.1021/la060094b Langmuir, Vol. 22, No. 10. (9 May 2006), pp. 4457-4461. 2008-04-23T19:03:05-00:00 Langmuir 22 10 4457 4461 emulsion technique weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2709655 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, No. 26. (2006)</i><br /><br />View This Record in Scopus Electrocoalescence of drops synchronized by size-dependent flow in microfluidic channels Keunho Ahn Jeremy Agresti Henry Chong Manuel Marquez DA Weitz Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, No. 26. (2006) 2008-04-23T17:54:25-00:00 Applied Physics Letters 88 26 AIP emulsion microrheology weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2683388 <i>Nano Lett., Vol. 7, No. 9. (12 September 2007), pp. 2876-2880.</i><br /><br />Abstract: We present a robust and straightforward approach for fabricating a novel colloidosome system where colloidal particles are assembled to form colloidal shells on the surface of stimuli-responsive microgel scaffolds. We demonstrate that the structural properties of the colloidal shells can be controlled through the colloidal particle size and modulus, and the state of supporting microgel particles. This technique offers a new way to engineer colloidosomes, enabling fine control over their permeability over a wide range of length scales. Colloidal Assembly Route for Responsive Colloidosomes with Tunable Permeability JW Kim A Fernandez-Nieves N Dan AS Utada M Marquez DA Weitz doi:10.1021/nl0715948 Nano Lett., Vol. 7, No. 9. (12 September 2007), pp. 2876-2880. 2008-04-17T20:10:58-00:00 Nano Lett. 7 9 2876 2880 2007 colloid emulsion weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2683315 <i>Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, No. 13. (2007)</i><br /><br />View this record in Web of Science Controlled production of emulsion drops using an electric field in a flow-focusing microfluidic device Haejune Kim Dawei Luo Darren Link David Weitz Manuel Marquez Zhengdong Cheng Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 91, No. 13. (2007) 2008-04-17T19:47:51-00:00 Applied Physics Letters 91 13 AIP emulsion flow weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2683180 <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 46, No. 47. (2007), pp. 8970-8974.</i><br /><br />No Abstract Controllable Monodisperse Multiple Emulsions Liang-Yin Chu Andrew s Rhutesh k Jin-Woong Kim David a doi:10.1002/anie.200701358 Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 46, No. 47. (2007), pp. 8970-8974. 2008-04-17T18:59:41-00:00 Angewandte Chemie International Edition 46 47 8970 8974 2008 emulsion people weitz http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2679046 <i>Nature, Vol. 237, No. 5354. (June 1972), pp. 320-322.</i> Bubble Raft Model for an Amorphous Alloy AW Simpson Pauline Hodkinson doi:10.1038/237320a0 Nature, Vol. 237, No. 5354. (June 1972), pp. 320-322. 2008-04-16T21:51:05-00:00 Nature 237 5354 320 322 classic emulsion foam tools http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2186364 <i>Science, Vol. 312, No. 5780. (16 June 2006), pp. 1631-1633.</i><br /><br />We present systematic and detailed measurements of interparticle contact forces inside three-dimensional piles of frictionless liquid droplets. We measured long-range chainlike correlations of the directions and magnitudes of large forces, thereby establishing the presence of force chains in three dimensions. Our correlation definition provides a chain persistence length of 10 mean droplet diameters, decreasing as load is applied to the pile. We also measured the angles between contacts and showed that the chainlike arrangement arises from the balance of forces. Moreover, we found that piles whose height was comparable to the chain persistence length exhibited substantially greater strain hardening than did tall piles, which we attributed to the force chains. Together, the results establish a connection between the microscopic force network and the elastic response of meso- or macroscopic granular piles. The conclusions drawn here should be relevant in jammed systems generally, including concentrated emulsions and piles of sand or other heavy particles. 10.1126/science.1125151 Measurement of Forces Inside a Three-Dimensional Pile of Frictionless Droplets J Zhou S Long Q Wang AD Dinsmore doi:10.1126/science.1125151 Science, Vol. 312, No. 5780. (16 June 2006), pp. 1631-1633. 2008-01-01T22:04:40-00:00 Science 312 5780 1631 1633 dinsmore emulsion force qualifier http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2562966 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, No. 7. (2007)</i><br /><br />We consider the motion of red blood cells and other nonspherical microcapsules dilutely suspended in a simple shear flow. Our analysis indicates that depending on the viscosity, membrane elasticity, geometry, and shear rate, the particle exhibits either tumbling, tank-treading of the membrane about the viscous interior with periodic oscillations of the orientation angle, or intermittent behavior in which the two modes occur alternately. For red blood cells, we compute the complete phase diagram and identify a novel tank-treading-to-tumbling transition as the shear rate decreases. Observations of such motions coupled with our theoretical framework may provide a sensitive means of assessing capsule properties. Red Blood Cells and Other Nonspherical Capsules in Shear Flow: Oscillatory Dynamics and the Tank-Treading-to-Tumbling Transition JM Skotheim TW Secomb doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.078301 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, No. 7. (2007) 2008-03-19T16:44:43-00:00 Physical Review Letters 98 7 APS 2007 biology cool emulsion phase http://www.citeulike.org/user/dchen/article/2553406 <i>Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, No. 15. (2007)</i><br /><br />We show that under appropriate conditions, mixtures of oil, water, and nanoparticles form thermodynamically stable oil-in-water emulsions with monodisperse droplet diameters in the range of 30–150 nm. This observation challenges current wisdom that so-called Pickering emulsions are at most metastable and points to a new class of mesoscopic equilibrium structures. Thermodynamic stability is demonstrated by the spontaneous evolution of binary droplet mixtures towards one intermediate size distribution. Equilibrium interfacial curvature due to an asymmetric charge distribution induced by adsorbed colloids explains the growth of emulsion droplets upon salt addition. Moreover, the existence of a minimal radius of curvature with a concomitant expulsion of excess oil is in close analogy with microemulsions. Thermodynamically Stable Pickering Emulsions S Sacanna WK Kegel AP Philipse doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.158301 Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, No. 15. (2007) 2008-03-19T01:12:04-00:00 Physical Review Letters 98 15 APS 2007 emulsion experiment technique