CiteULike: dperkel's library [158 articles]

From Nerds to Normals: The Recovery of Identity among Adolescents from Middle School to High School

David Kinney — 2006-11-03T19:38:57-00:00

Sociology of Education, Vol. 66, No. 1. (1993), pp. 21-40.

Extensive attention has been given to understanding the nature of adolescent identity, but little consideration has been given to the everyday social experiences and processes by which the content of teenagers' self-perceptions are formed and remain stable or change within educational settings. Since studies have focused on members of "popular" cliques or "deviant" subcultures, it is important to examine the daily lives of teenagers whose peers have labeled them unpopular "nerds" in schools to document how these adolescents are able to overcome the stigma of this label. Using intensive interviews and observations, this study delineated the impact of school activities, school social structure, and peer culture on the self-perceptions of nerds. The findings indicate that adolescents who were unpopular in middle school and who became involved in high school activities and friendship groups were able to recover by becoming self-confident and reconstructing themselves as "normal" within a changing school social system.

Organizational Learning and Communities-of-Practice: Toward a Unified View of Working, Learning, and Innovation

John Brown — 2006-09-15T03:47:12-00:00

Recent ethnographic studies of workplace practices indicate that the ways people actually work usually differ fundamentally from the ways organizations describe that work in manuals, training programs, organizational charts, and job descriptions. Nevertheless, organizations tend to rely on the latter in their attempts to understand and improve work practice. We examine one such study. We then relate its conclusions to compatible investigations of learning and of innovation to argue that conventional descriptions of jobs mask not only the ways people work, but also significant learning and innovation generated in the informal communities-of-practice in which they work. By reassessing work, learning, and innovation in the context of actual communities and actual practices, we suggest that the connections between these three become apparent. With a unified view of working, learning, and innovating, it should be possible to reconceive of and redesign organizations to improve all three.

Assessing Gender Authenticity in Computer-Mediated Language Use: Evidence From an Identity Game

Susan Herring — 2004-12-28T16:53:09-00:00

Journal of Language and Social Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 4., 424.

Mediated Faces

Judith Donath — 2005-01-20T00:29:54-00:00

Vol. 2117 (2001), 373.

Incorporating faces into mediated discussions is a complex design problem. The face conveys social and personal identity; it reports fleeting changes of emotion and the cumulative effects of often repeated expressions. The face both expresses and betrays: it shows what the person wishes to convey - and much more. We are highly attuned to recognizing and interpreting faces (though these interpretations are very subjective). Incorporating faces into mediated environments can be quite desirable: it helps the participants gain a stronger sense of their community and can potentially provide finely nuanced expression. Yet there are significant disadvantages and difficulties. The immediate identifying markers revealed by the face, e.g. race, gender, age, are not necessarily the initial information one wants to have of others in an ideal society. And much can be lost in the path from user's thought to input device to output rendering. This essay discusses key social, cognitive and technical issues involved in incorporating faces in mediated communication.

The Influence of the Avatar on Online Perceptions of Anthropomorphism, Androgyny, Credibility, Homophily, and Attraction

Kristine Nowak — 2006-09-08T23:24:14-00:00

Journal of Human Mediated Communication, Vol. 11, No. 1. (2005)

It has become increasingly common for websites and computer media to provide computer generated visual images, called avatars, to represent users and bots during online interactions. In this study, participants (N=255) evaluated a series of avatars in a static context in terms of their androgyny, anthropomorphism, credibility, homophily, attraction, and the likelihood they would choose them during an interaction. The responses to the images were consistent with what would be predicted by uncertainty reduction theory. The results show that the masculinity or femininity (lack of androgyny) of an avatar, as well as anthropomorphism, significantly influence perceptions of avatars. Further, more anthropomorphic avatars were perceived to be more attractive and credible, and people were more likely to choose to be represented by them. Participants reported masculine avatars as less attractive than feminine avatars, and most people reported a preference for human avatars that matched their gender. Practical and theoretical implications of these results for users, designers, and researchers of avatars are discussed.

The chat circles series: explorations in designing abstract graphical communication interfaces

Judith Donath — 2006-09-08T23:19:59-00:00

(2002), pp. 359-369.

The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life

Erving Goffman — 2005-12-16T05:06:13-00:00

(01 June 1959)

A study of human behavior in social situations and the way we appear to others. Dr. Goffman has employed as a framework the metaphor of theatrical performance. Discussions of social techniques are based upon detailed research and observation of social customs in many regions.

Media Education: Literacy, Learning and Contemporary Culture

David Buckingham — 2005-10-31T13:35:12-00:00

(10 June 2003)

The Construction of Identity on the Internet: Oops! I've left my diary open to the whole world!

Farzaneh Moinian — 2006-03-29T03:39:49-00:00

Childhood, Vol. 13, No. 1. (1 February 2006), pp. 49-68.

This article is based on an ethnographic study carried out by the author on children and young people's diaries in a Swedish web community called Youngsters'. Its goal is to provide an insight into what some children write in their diaries in this web community and what the favourite topics are as depicted in these narratives. The focus is on the children's voice and notions about their life: family, friends and schooling. The issues raised in the article also relate to advantages gained by using the internet as an engaging and interactive research arena by and for children. Results indicate that, in spite of all the risks and moral panic related to children's internet usage, it is possible to gain access to children's own accounts of their life and to get an inside picture' of their thoughts by studying the self-presentations and diaries they create in a web community. The importance of these diaries, the author emphasizes, is in the fact that they are written by children for other children. 10.1177/0907568206058610

The 'adequate' design of ethnographic outputs for practice: some explorations of the characteristics of design resources

Tim Diggins — 2006-03-24T18:08:29-00:00

Personal Ubiquitous Comput., Vol. 7, No. 3-4. (2003), pp. 147-158.

Design in the absence of practice: breaching experiments

Andy Crabtree — 2005-03-17T14:51:14-00:00

(2004), pp. 59-68.

Moving out from the control room: ethnography in system design

John Hughes — 2006-03-22T21:42:19-00:00

(1994), pp. 429-439.

Physiological indicators for the evaluation of co-located collaborative play

Regan Mandryk — 2005-03-10T14:42:27-00:00

(2004), pp. 102-111.

Representation, Responsibility, and Reliability in Participant-Observation

Martin Sanchez-Jankowski — 2006-03-10T00:19:49-00:00

(22 April 2002), pp. 144-159.

"This is an excellent collection at the cutting edge of thinking about qualitative research.... The breadth of coverage and the sophistication of the discussion make this an important addition to the increasing literature on qualitative work."<DIR><DIR>- Jonathan Potter, Loughborough University </DIR> </DIR> "This book is likely to have a broad appeal to a rising generation of qualitative researchers seeking to relate theoretical debates to methodological practice."<DIR><DIR>- Clive Seale, Goldsmiths College</DIR></DIR>This exciting new book brings together contributions from world-leading scholars as well as younger researchers and focuses on cutting-edge issues related to the practice of qualitative research in the field. It provides a forum for contributors to discuss the issues and processeswhich inform qualitative research in its various forms as based on fieldwork experiences.In achieving this in an accessible manner to both practicing students and researchers, it seeks to enable a dialogue over ideas and provide the reader with a `state of the art' overview of the topic from a contemporary perspective.Rather than being a `how to do' book, this volume should prove vitally useful for advanced students and researchers who wish to engage with those ideas and practices in terms of their applicability for an understanding and explanation of the place of qualitative research in the social sciences. It is also a forum in which leading scholars make an original contribution to the subject.Lively and highly readable throughout, Qualitative Research in Action will be essential reading for advanced undergraduates and above in a variety of disciplines, as well as researchers who wish to engage with contemporary ideas and practices in relation to qualitative research.

The Extended Case Method

Michael Burawoy — 2006-03-10T00:15:39-00:00

Sociological Theory, Vol. 16, No. 1. (1998), pp. 4-33.

In this article I elaborate and codify the extended case method, which deploys participant observation to locate everyday life in its extralocal and historical context. The extended case method emulates a reflexive model of science that takes as its premise the intersubjectivity of scientist and subject of study. Reflexive science valorizes intervention, process, structuration, and theory reconstruction. It is the Siamese twin of positive science that proscribes reactivity, but upholds reliability, replicability, and representativeness. Positive science, exemplified by survey research, works on the principle of the separation between scientists and the subjects they examine. Positive science is limited by "context effects" (interview, respondent, field, and situational effects) while reflexive science is limited by "power effects" (domination, silencing, objectification, and normalization). The article concludes by considering the implications of having two models of science rather than one, both of which are necessarily flawed. Throughout I use a study of postcolonialism to illustrate both the virtues and the shortcomings of the extended case method.

Social Linguistics and Literacies: Ideology in Discourses (Critical Perspectives on Literacy and Education Series)

James Gee — 2006-03-09T23:25:45-00:00

The Organisation in Ethnography –A Discussion of Ethnographic Fieldwork Programs in CSCW

RHR Harper — 2006-03-03T21:43:37-00:00

Comput. Supported Coop. Work, Vol. 9, No. 2. (May 2000), pp. 239-264.

’’It‘s Just a Matter of Common Sense‘‘: Ethnography as Invisible Work

Diana Forsythe — 2006-03-03T21:38:43-00:00

Comput. Supported Coop. Work, Vol. 8, No. 1-2. (1999), pp. 127-145.

Blurring the center: on the politics of ethnography

Teun Zuiderent — 2006-02-17T23:39:24-00:00

Scand. J. Inf. Syst., Vol. 14, No. 2. (September 2002), pp. 59-78.

The World on Paper : The Conceptual and Cognitive Implications of Writing and Reading

David Olson — 2006-02-17T21:38:54-00:00

(20 June 1996)

What role has writing played in the development of our modern understanding of language, nature and ourselves? Drawing on recent advances in history, anthropology, linguistics and psychology, the author offers a bold new perspective on how writing and reading have historically and developmentally altered our understanding of language, mind and nature. These understandings, Olson argues, are by-products of living in a "world on paper."

Orality and Literacy (New Accents)

Walter Ong — 2005-04-04T18:50:27-00:00

(23 May 2002)

This classic work explores the vast differences between oral and literate cultures and offers a brilliantly lucid account of the intellectual, literary and social effects of writing, print and electronic technology.

The Domestication of the Savage Mind (Themes in the Social Sciences)

Jack Goody — 2006-02-04T01:05:29-00:00

(24 November 1977)

Current theories and views on the differences in the 'mind' of human societies depend very much on a dichotomy between 'advanced' and 'primitive', or between 'open' and 'closed', or between 'domesticated' and 'savage', that is to say, between one of a whole variety of 'we-they' distinctions. Professor Goody argues that such an approach prevents any serious discussion of the mechanisms leading to long-term changes in the cognitive processes of human cultures or any adequate explanation of the changes in 'traditional' societies that are taking place in the world around us. In this book he attempts to provide the framework for a more satisfactory explanation by relating certain broad differences in 'mentalities' to the changes in the means of communication, and specifically to the series of shifts involved in the development of writing. The argument is based upon theoretical considerations, as well as empirical evidence derived from recent fieldwork in West Africa and the study of a wide range of source material on the ancient societies of the Near East.

The Consequences of Literacy

Jack Goody — 2005-07-18T22:55:54-00:00

(04 December 1968), pp. 27-68.

The importance of writing as a means of communication in a society formerly without it, or where writing has been confined to particular groups, is enormous. It objectifies speech, provides language with a material correlative, and in this material form speech can be transmitted over space and preserved over time. In this book the contributors discuss cultures at different levels of sophistication and literacy and examine the importance of writing on the development of these societies. All the articles except the first were specially written for this book and the extensive introduction unites and synthesizes the material.

Learning through game modding

Magy El-Nasr — 2006-01-20T04:31:12-00:00

Comput. Entertain., Vol. 4, No. 1. (January 2006)

Building intersubjectivity at a distance during the collaborative writing of fairytales

Beatrice Ligorio — 2006-01-19T19:51:57-00:00

Comput. Educ., Vol. 45, No. 3. (November 2005), pp. 357-374.

What does the photoblog want?

Kris Cohen — 2005-12-21T17:00:42-00:00

Media Culture Society, Vol. 27, No. 6. (1 November 2005), pp. 883-901.

Theoretical accounts of photography have persistently emphasized, departed from and returned to the issue of the Real, thereby positioning the Real behind or at the heart of what photography purportedly is and does. But these familiar and familiarizing consistencies in the writing about photography do not make photographs less of a paradox at the level of being (what they are), or less equivocal at the level of their expressive content (what they mean or know). Digital photography problematizes the issues yet further even while writing about photography reasserts the familiar pieties. This article presents the results of an ethnographic study of photoblogs as a way of addresssing impasses in the literature on photography and digital photography. Blogs have become popular in the last three years as an internet-based technology for writing the self. Photoblogs are a type of blog that adds photographs to text and hyperlinks in the telling of stories. In this article, I argue that photoblogs are (1) entities that identify the repetitions which paralyse writing about photography and (2) entities that want to position photographs as something more than an outcome, photobloggers as something more than selves (or authors) and the photoblog as something more than technology.

A study of audience relationships with interactive computer-based visual artworks

Graham Beryl — 2005-11-20T17:58:20-00:00

Leonardo, Vol. 32, No. 4. (1999), pp. 326-328.

Crafting participation: designing ecologies, configuring experience

2005-12-03T04:45:05-00:00

Visual Communication

Designing the spectator experience

Stuart Reeves — 2005-06-28T17:50:44-00:00

(2005), pp. 741-750.

Active co-construction of meaningful experiences: but what is the designer's role?

Kristina H&\#246;&\#246;k — 2006-01-16T22:54:18-00:00

(2004), pp. 1-2.

Affect: from information to interaction

Kirsten Boehner — 2006-01-16T22:51:59-00:00

(2005), pp. 59-68.

Marrying HCI/Usability and computer games: a preliminary look

Anker J&\#248;rgensen — 2005-09-11T05:50:33-00:00

(2004), pp. 393-396.

Making by making strange: Defamiliarization and the design of domestic technologies

Genevieve Bell — 2005-06-17T21:47:04-00:00

ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., Vol. 12, No. 2. (June 2005), pp. 149-173.

Sense and sensibility: evaluation and interactive art

Kristina H&\#246;&\#246;k — 2005-03-16T23:57:38-00:00

(2003), pp. 241-248.

Mods, Gods, and Creative Computer Gameplay

Andrew Mactavish — 2005-12-19T20:34:14-00:00

(5 April 2002)

Computer Game Modding, Intermediality, and Participatory Culture

Olli Sotamaa — 2005-12-19T20:17:23-00:00

(1 December 2003)

Doing Cultural Studies: The Story of the Sony Walkman (Culture, Media & Identities, Vol. 1) (Culture, Media and Identities series)

Paul du Gay — 2005-12-09T19:25:10-00:00

(30 January 1997)

This book introduces the substantive and theoretical strands of contemporary cultural studies through the medium of a particular case study: that of the Sony Walkman. Through the Walkman example, Doing Cultural Studies shows how and why cultural practices and institutions have come to play such a crucial part in our lives, and introduces the central ideas, concepts, and methods of analysis involved in doing cultural studies. The authors of this unique work show how the Walkman is a typical cultural artifact and medium of modern culture, and studies how the key cultural processes are discerned. Examining the Walkman culturally leads to exploration of how it is represented, what social identities are associated with it, how it is produced and consumed, and what mechanisms regulate its distribution and use. This unique book offers students insights not only into the basic approaches of cultural studies, but also into how cultural studies can be used to understand the way culture works in the context of our everyday lives.

Organic Information Design

Ben Fry — 2005-12-07T19:42:17-00:00

(1997)

Design techniques for static information are well understood, their descriptions and discourse thorough and well-evolved. But these techniques fail when dynamic information is considered. There is a space of highly complex systems for which we lack deep understanding because few techniques exist for visualization of data whose structure and content are continually changing. To approach these problems, this thesis introduces a visualization process titled Organic Information Design. The resulting systems employ simulated organic properties in an interactive, visually refined environment to glean qualitative facts from large bodies of quantitative data generated by dynamic information sources.

The multimedia challenges raised by pervasive games

Mauricio Capra — 2005-12-06T20:13:22-00:00

(2005), pp. 89-95.

The Practice of Everyday Life

Michel De Certeau — 2005-05-15T17:03:04-00:00

(02 December 2002)

The Certeau Reader (Blackwell Readers)

Michel De Certeau — 2005-12-05T20:02:23-00:00

(28 November 1999)

This volume brings together, for the first time, a variety of texts from Certeau's book and journal publications which have proved important in the various disciplines where Certeau has had an influence. The Reader as a whole reflects the interdisciplinary nature of Certeau's work which draws on history, historiography, psychology, politics, philosophy, semiotics, ethnography, and theology to shape a critique of cultures past and present. Some essays have been translated especially for this collection. All of them have been chosen to provide accessible texts suited for introducing readers to the work of this key twentieth-century thinker. Five specific areas are considered: history, sociology, politics, cultural and religious studies, and five leading scholars, each of whom employ Certeau's work in these distinct disciplines, introduce the sections. An introduction by Graham Ward outlines Certeau's biography and places his work within the cultural context of his time, both in terms of French Catholicism and contemporary intellectual debates. It examines the major preoccupations of Certeau's work - with the Other, with spatiality, with colonialism, with the body, with discourse and oppression - and locates them within the overall development of his thinking. Finally, Ward discusses the impact of Certeau's work and comments on the current rediscovery of his potential.

Choosing the Right Pond: Human Behavior and the Quest for Status

Robert Frank — 2005-12-05T19:06:53-00:00

(09 December 1993)

Toward a Sociology of the Network Society

Manuel Castells — 2005-12-05T07:31:50-00:00

Contemporary Sociology, Vol. 29, No. 5. (2000), pp. 693-699.

Structural Effects

Peter Blau — 2005-12-04T03:58:15-00:00

American Sociological Review, Vol. 25, No. 2. (1960), pp. 178-193.

In empirical research, social structures are usually characterized, explicitly or implicitly, by frequency distributions of behavior of individuals or relationships among them. Thus, the common culture refers to prevailing values, and group cohesiveness, to pervasive interpersonal bonds. To isolate the external constraints of social values from the influences of the individual's internalized values, that the prevalence of a value in a group is associated with social conduct when this value is held constant for individuals must be demonstrated. Data from a public assistance agency show that the prevailing values in a work group had such structural effects. In some cases, the group value and the individual's orientation had similar, but independent, effects on his conduct; in other cases, they had opposite effects; in still others, the effects of the individual's orientation were contingent on the prevalence of this orientation in the group, a pattern which identifies characteristics associated with deviancy. The same procedure was used to isolate the structural effects of cohesiveness and of the communication network.

"Have Fun Working with Our Product!": Critical Perspectives On Computer Game Mod Competitions

Olli Sotamma — 2005-12-01T22:44:43-00:00

(2005)

This paper suggests that the digital games industry products are not limited to games-related hardware and software or the related spin-off industry products. Further, consumers “labour” with games is transformed into a product that is sold to advertisers and sponsors. In case of gamer-made modifications, this commodification of leisure is taken into extreme. It is obvious that the cultivation of unpaid modder labour necessitates different methods than the traditional forms of labour. It is suggested that mod competitions are used as a strategy of control over the hobbyist developers. Through competitions modders become interpellated as important members of the industry and simultaneously end up surprisingly comfortably harnessed. Finally, the paper suggests that the competitions that offer an attractive means to monitor the mod scene, paradoxically also work against industry’s advantages by revealing the laborious nature of computer game development to the hobbyists.

Am I Mod or Not? - An analysis of First Person Shooter modification culture

David Nieborg — 2005-12-01T22:05:55-00:00

(2005)

The aim of this paper is to mainly look at the current trends regarding co-created content for First Person Shooter games. The question what constitutes a mod and if there is a need for a definition of mods seems neglected by many authors who simply use the term ‘mod’ for a wide array of user-created game texts. The agency of gamers and the power they can wield when they are collaborative results in implications in relation to the game industry and the content and themes of user-created game modifications. Analysis of the Unreal Universe show game developers and game publishers tapping into the open-source ethos of mod communities and appropriating and institutionalising the mod community. The Battlefield franchise shows the creative energy of modders using original themes in a creative fashion but also the implications of using existing Intellectual Property.

Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design : Choosing among Five Traditions

John Creswell — 2005-04-23T20:00:43-00:00

(15 July 1997)

Time and Narrative, Volume 1 (Time & Narrative)

Paul Ricoeur — 2005-11-15T18:17:30-00:00

(15 September 1990)

<div><div>Time and Narrative builds on Paul Ricoeur's earlier analysis, in The Rule of Metaphor, of semantic innovation at the level of the sentence. Ricoeur here examines the creation of meaning at the textual level, with narrative rather than metaphor as the ruling concern. Ricoeur finds a "healthy circle" between time and narrative: time is humanized to the extent that it portrays temporal experience. Ricoeur proposes a theoretical model of this circle using Augustine's theory of time and Aristotle's theory of plot and, further, develops an original thesis of the mimetic function of narrative. He concludes with a comprehensive survey and critique of modern discussions of historical knowledge, understanding, and writing from Aron and Mandelbaum in the late 1930s to the work of the Annales school and that of Anglophone philosophers of history of the 1960s and 1970s. "This work, in my view, puts the whole problem of narrative, not to mention philosophy of history, on a new and higher plane of discussion."--Hayden White, History and Theory "Superb. . . . A fine point of entrance into the work of one of the eminent thinkers of the present intellectual age."--Joseph R. Gusfield, Contemporary Sociology </div></div>

Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film

Seymour Chatman — 2005-03-24T17:42:11-00:00

(01 June 1980)

Narrative Theory and the Cognitive Sciences (Center for the Study of Language and Information - Lecture Notes)

David Herman — 2005-11-15T18:13:43-00:00

(01 November 2003)

<div>Research on human intelligence has postulated that studying the structure and use of stories can provide important insight into the roots of self and the nature of thinking. In that spirit, this volume focuses on narrative as a crossroads where cognitive and social psychology, linguistics, literary theory, and the recent hybrid called "cognitive narratology" intersect, suggesting new directions for the cognitive sciences. The ideas contained here demonstrate the importance of narrative as a cognitive style, a genre of discourse, and a resource for literary writing and other forms of communication. </div>