Thu, 21 Aug 2008 14:58:33 BST CiteULike: jimmithy's fluids http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/tag/fluids CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/article/916987 <i>Bulletin of Biology, Vol. V68, No. 7. (12 October 2006), pp. 1819-1836.</i> Mechanics and Chemotaxis in the Morphogenesis of Vascular Networks A Tosin D Ambrosi L Preziosi doi:10.1007/s11538-006-9071-2 Bulletin of Biology, Vol. V68, No. 7. (12 October 2006), pp. 1819-1836. 2006-10-30T00:00:49-00:00 2006 Bulletin of Biology V68 7 1819 1836 biomechanics cool fluids http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/article/916978 <i>Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 39, No. 15. (2006), pp. 2743-2751.</i><br /><br />Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common diseases in human community. The COPD always results in inflammation that leads to narrowing and obstruction of the airways. The obstructive airways have significant effect on respiratory flow. In order to understand the flow phenomenon in such obstructive airways, four three-dimensional four-generation lung models based on the 23-generation model of Weibel [1963. Morphometry of the Human Lung. Springer, Academic Press, Berlin, New York] are generated. The fully three-dimensional incompressible laminar Navier-Stokes equations are solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver on unstructured tetrahedral meshes. Therein, a symmetric four-generation airway model is served as the reference, the other three models are considered to be obstructed at each generation, respectively. The calculation results show that the obstructive airway has significant influence on the air flow in both up- and down-stream airways and it even results in flow separation in the conjunction region. The re-circulation cell blocks the air from entering the downstream branches. This may be the reason why COPD patients should breathe gently, and this also provides some valuable information for medicine powder deposition. Respiratory flow in obstructed airways XL Yang Yang Liu HY Luo doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.10.009 Journal of Biomechanics, Vol. 39, No. 15. (2006), pp. 2743-2751. 2006-10-29T23:04:47-00:00 2006 Journal of Biomechanics 39 15 2743 2751 biomechanics fluids http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/article/467330 <i>J. Gen. Physiol., Vol. 78, No. 4. (1 October 1981), pp. 431-453.</i> On connecting large vessels to small. The meaning of Murray's law Tf Sherman doi:10.1085/jgp.78.4.431 J. Gen. Physiol., Vol. 78, No. 4. (1 October 1981), pp. 431-453. 2006-01-17T20:23:39-00:00 1981 J. Gen. Physiol. 78 4 431 453 biomechanics fluids trachea http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/article/440522 <i>Symp Soc Exp Biol, Vol. 43 (1989), pp. 337-366.</i><br /><br />Invertebrates use mucus in a far broader spectrum of functions than do vertebrates. Examples include: 1. Navigation. The slime trails of grastropods often contain directional information that is used in homing, mating, and predation. 2. Defense. Many invertebrates coat themselves with slippery, distasteful mucus secretions to ward off predators. 3. Desiccation resistance. Limpets and terrestrial snails use a thin barrier of dry mucus as a mechanism for minimizing desiccation. 4. Structural support. Mucus functions as a tensile structural element in feeding nets and mating ropes. A preliminary analysis of these structures indicates that tensile stiffnesses of 10(4)-10(5) N/m2 may be common. 5. Food. The production of mucus can account for up to 80% of the total energy expenditure of some invertebrates. Mucus is often used as a food source, and in some cases is used to enhance the growth of food items. 6. Locomotion. The adhesive locomotion of gastropods is dependent on the unusual mechanical properties of pedal mucus. These properties may set limits to the size and speed of snails and slugs. Invertebrate mucous secretions: functional alternatives to vertebrate paradigms. MW Denny Symp Soc Exp Biol, Vol. 43 (1989), pp. 337-366. 2005-12-17T14:11:23-00:00 1989 Symp Soc Exp Biol 0081-1386 43 337 366 fluids gen_bio http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/article/440521 <i>J Exp Biol, Vol. 207, No. Pt 10. (April 2004), pp. 1601-1606.</i><br /><br />The mechanism by which surface tension allows water striders (members of the genus Gerris) to stand on the surface of a pond or stream is a classic example for introductory classes in animal mechanics. Until recently, however, the question of how these insects propelled themselves remained open. One plausible mechanism-creating momentum in the water via the production of capillary waves-led to a paradox: juvenile water striders move their limbs too slowly to produce waves, but nonetheless travel across the water's surface. Two recent papers demonstrate that both water striders and water-walking spiders circumvent this paradox by foregoing any reliance on waves to gain purchase on the water. Instead they use their legs as oars, and the capillary 'dimple' formed by each leg acts as the oar's blade. The resulting hydrodynamic drag produces vortices in the water, and the motion of these vortices imparts the necessary fluid momentum. These studies pave the way for a more thorough understanding of the complex mechanics of walking on water, and an exploration of how this intriguing form of locomotion scales with the size of the organism. Paradox lost: answers and questions about walking on water. MW Denny J Exp Biol, Vol. 207, No. Pt 10. (April 2004), pp. 1601-1606. 2005-12-17T14:10:33-00:00 2004 J Exp Biol 0022-0949 207 Pt 10 1601 1606 cool fluids http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/article/369193 <i>Nature, Vol. 424, No. 6949. (2003), pp. 663-666.</i> The hydrodynamics of water strider locomotion David Hu Brian Chan John Bush doi:10.1038/nature01793 Nature, Vol. 424, No. 6949. (2003), pp. 663-666. 2005-10-28T14:24:31-00:00 2003 Nature 424 6949 663 666 fluids http://www.citeulike.org/user/jimmithy/article/334272 <i>Nature, Vol. 437, No. 7059., pp. 733-736.</i> Meniscus-climbing insects David Hu John Bush doi:10.1038/nature03995 Nature, Vol. 437, No. 7059., pp. 733-736. 2005-09-28T18:18:33-00:00 Nature 0028-0836 437 7059 733 736 Nature Publishing Group cool fluids