Sat, 05 Jul 2008 21:44:59 BST CiteULike: katja's library [260 articles] http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2752937 <i>(2008), pp. 1789-1792.</i> Idea navigation: structured browsing for unstructured text Robin Stewart Gregory Scott Vladimir Zelevinsky doi:10.1145/1357054.1357332 (2008), pp. 1789-1792. 2008-05-04T06:37:52-00:00 2008 1789 1792 ACM interface nlp search http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2898476 <i>Information Processing & Management, Vol. 44, No. 4. (July 2008), pp. 1467-1484.</i><br /><br />This article presents a unifying framework of credibility assessment in which credibility is characterized across a variety of media and resources with respect to diverse information seeking goals and tasks. The initial data were collected through information-activity diaries over a 10-day period from 24 undergraduate students at three different colleges. Based on 245 information seeking activities from the diaries, the authors conducted individual interviews with participants and analyzed the transcripts using a grounded theory analysis. Three distinct levels of credibility judgments emerged: construct, heuristics, and interaction. The construct level pertains to how a person constructs, conceptualizes, or defines credibility. The heuristics level involves general rules of thumb used to make judgments of credibility applicable to a variety of situations. Finally, the interaction level refers to credibility judgments based on content, peripheral source cues, and peripheral information object cues. In addition, context emerged as the social, relational and dynamic frames surrounding the information seeker and providing boundaries of credibility judgments. The implications of the framework in terms of its theoretical contribution to credibility research and practices are discussed. Developing a unifying framework of credibility assessment: Construct, heuristics, and interaction in context Brian Hilligoss Soo Rieh doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2007.10.001 Information Processing & Management, Vol. 44, No. 4. (July 2008), pp. 1467-1484. 2008-06-16T12:13:14-00:00 2008 Information Processing & Management 44 4 1467 1484 context credibility information retrieval search seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2810130 <i>Machine Learning</i><br /><br />Abstract  Kernel functions have become an extremely popular tool in machine learning, with an attractive theory as well. This theory views a kernel as implicitly mapping data points into a possibly very high dimensional space, and describes a kernel function as being good for a given learning problem if data is separable by a large margin in that implicit space. However, while quite elegant, this theory does not necessarily correspond to the intuition of a good kernel as a good measure of similarity, and the underlying margin in the implicit space usually is not apparent in “natural” representations of the data. Therefore, it may be difficult for a domain expert to use the theory to help design an appropriate kernel for the learning task at hand. Moreover, the requirement of positive semi-definiteness may rule out the most natural pairwise similarity functions for the given problem domain. In this work we develop an alternative, more general theory of learning with similarity functions (i.e., sufficient conditions for a similarity function to allow one to learn well) that does not require reference to implicit spaces, and does not require the function to be positive semi-definite (or even symmetric). Instead, our theory talks in terms of more direct properties of how the function behaves as a similarity measure. Our results also generalize the standard theory in the sense that any good kernel function under the usual definition can be shown to also be a good similarity function under our definition (though with some loss in the parameters). In this way, we provide the first steps towards a theory of kernels and more general similarity functions that describes the effectiveness of a given function in terms of natural similarity-based properties. A theory of learning with similarity functions Maria-Florina Balcan Avrim Blum Nathan Srebro doi:10.1007/s10994-008-5059-5 Machine Learning 2008-05-18T15:05:42-00:00 Machine Learning kernel learning machine ml http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/1445550 <i>User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Vol. 17, No. 3. (July 2007), pp. 305-337.</i> The role of human factors in stereotyping behavior and perception of digital library users: a robust clustering approach Frias-Martinez Enrique Chen Sherry Macredie Robert Liu Xiaohui doi:10.1007/s11257-007-9028-7 User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Vol. 17, No. 3. (July 2007), pp. 305-337. 2007-07-10T06:33:10-00:00 2007 User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 0924-1868 17 3 305 337 Springer behavior clustering context factors human information ir seeking study um user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/420508 <i>Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51, No. 6. (22 March 2000), pp. 576-581.</i><br /><br />Searching for information on the World Wide Web (WWW) basically comes down to locating an appropriate Web site and to retrieving relevant information from that site. This study examined the effect of a user's WWW experience on both phases of the search process. Twenty-five students from two schools for Dutch pre-university education were observed while performing three search tasks. The results indicate that subjects with WWW-experience are more proficient in locating Web sites than are novice WWW-users. The observed differences were ascribed to the experts' superior skills in operating Web search engines. However, on tasks that required subjects to locate information on specific Web sites, the performance of experienced and novice users was equivalent - a result that is in line with hypertext research. Based on these findings, implications for training and supporting students in searching for information on the WWW are identified. Finally, the role of the subjects' level of domain expertise is discussed and directions for future research are proposed. Differences between novice and experienced users in searching information on the World Wide Web Ard Lazonder Harm Biemans Iwan Wopereis doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(2000)51:6<576::AID-ASI9>3.0.CO;2-7 Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 51, No. 6. (22 March 2000), pp. 576-581. 2005-12-03T02:41:34-00:00 2000 Journal of the American Society for Information Science 1097-4571 51 6 576 581 information retrieval seeking study user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/111657 <i>SIGIR Forum, Vol. 32, No. 1. (1998), pp. 5-17.</i> Real life information retrieval: a study of user queries on the Web Bernard Jansen Amanda Spink Judy Bateman Tefko Saracevic doi:10.1145/281250.281253 SIGIR Forum, Vol. 32, No. 1. (1998), pp. 5-17. 2005-03-02T15:43:45-00:00 1998 SIGIR Forum 0163-5840 32 1 5 17 ACM Press information query retrieval seeking study user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2873636 <i>Computer, Vol. 21, No. 1. (January 1988), pp. 70-80.</i> Finding Facts vs. Browsing Knowledge in Hypertext Systems Gary Marchionini Ben Shneiderman Computer, Vol. 21, No. 1. (January 1988), pp. 70-80. 2008-06-08T16:03:05-00:00 1988 Computer 0018-9162 21 1 70 80 IEEE Computer Society Press information interface seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/1682661 <i>(2007), pp. 217-226.</i> Analysis of online video search and sharing Martin Halvey Mark Keane doi:10.1145/1286240.1286301 (2007), pp. 217-226. 2007-09-21T14:50:54-00:00 2007 217 226 ACM Press information need retrieval seeking video http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/1343959 <i>J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., Vol. 58, No. 7. (May 2007), pp. 1055-1065.</i> Google Scholar citations and Google Web&sol;URL citations: A multi-discipline exploratory analysis Kayvan Kousha Mike Thelwall doi:10.1002/asi.v58:7 J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., Vol. 58, No. 7. (May 2007), pp. 1055-1065. 2007-05-30T19:13:22-00:00 2007 J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 1532-2882 58 7 1055 1065 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. goal information need retrieval seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2861411 <i>Data Engineering</i> Web Information Extraction and User Modeling: Towards Closing the Gap E Agichtein Data Engineering 2008-06-04T15:06:25-00:00 Data Engineering information modeling need retrieval um user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/92371 <i>(2004), pp. 13-19.</i> Understanding user goals in web search Daniel Rose Danny Levinson doi:10.1145/988672.988675 (2004), pp. 13-19. 2005-02-10T13:30:12-00:00 2004 13 19 ACM Press goal information seeking user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2861186 <i>289, Vol. 31 (2007), 277.</i><br /><br />Purpose – To demonstrate how blog searching can be used as a retrospective source of public opinion. Design/methodology/approach - In this paper a variety of blog searching techniques are described and illustrated with a case study of the Danish cartoons affair. Findings - A time series analysis of related blog postings suggests that the Danish cartoons issue attracted little attention in the English-speaking world for four months after the initial publication of the cartoons, exploding only after the simultaneous start of diplomatic sanctions and a commercial boycott. Research limitations/implications – Blogs only reveal the opinions of bloggers, and blog analysis is language-specific. Sections of the world and the population of individual countries that do not have access to the internet will not be adequately represented in blogspace. Moreover, bloggers are self-selected and probably not representative of internet users. Originality/value - The existence of blog search engines now allows researchers to search blogspace for posts relating to any given debate, seeking either the opinions of blogging pundits or casual mentions in personal journals. It is possible to use blogs to examine topics before they first attracted mass media attention, as well as to dissect ongoing discussions. This gives a retrospective source of public opinion that is unique to blog search engines. Blog Searching: The First General-Purpose Source of Retrospective Public Opinion in the Social Sciences? Mike Thelwall doi:10.1108/14684520710764069 289, Vol. 31 (2007), 277. 2008-06-04T14:08:38-00:00 2007 289 31 277 blog information opinion retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/838560 <i>SIGIR Forum, Vol. 36, No. 2. (2002), pp. 3-10.</i> A taxonomy of web search Andrei Broder doi:10.1145/792550.792552 SIGIR Forum, Vol. 36, No. 2. (2002), pp. 3-10. 2006-09-11T03:21:56-00:00 2002 SIGIR Forum 0163-5840 36 2 3 10 ACM Press information need retrieval seeking user web http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2861054 <i>J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., Vol. 57, No. 10. (August 2006), pp. 1394-1403.</i> Toward a model of the everyday life information needs of urban teenagers, part 1: Theoretical model: Research Articles Denise Agosto Sandra Hughes-Hassell doi:10.1002/asi.v57:10 J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., Vol. 57, No. 10. (August 2006), pp. 1394-1403. 2008-06-04T13:26:38-00:00 2006 J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 1532-2882 57 10 1394 1403 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. information seeking teenagers http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2861050 <i>Information Processing & Management, Vol. 36, No. 2. (1 March 2000), pp. 229-251.</i><br /><br />This paper presents the first part of the research on user-Web interaction: a multidimensional model, methodology, and general findings. The objectives of this study are three-fold: (1) to explore factors of user-Web interaction in finding factual information and what happens during this interaction; (2) to develop a conceptual framework for studying user-Web interaction; and (3) to apply a process-tracing method for conducting holistic user-Web studies. The proposed model consists of three components: user, interface, and the World Wide Web. User-Web interaction is viewed as a communication process facilitated through an interface. A process-tracing technique has been designed to capture the processes of user-Web interactions. Twenty-four graduate students participated in this study. Prior to the interaction, each participant was given a questionnaire to report his/her computer and Web experience, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (form Y1 and form Y2) to measure affective states, and an individually administered Embedded Figure Test to measure cognitive style. Each participant used the Web to find answers to two factual questions. Both the processes (continuous screen shots) and the concurrent verbalizations of thoughts were recorded in synchronized video-audio data. The findings provided rich information on users' cognitive, affective and physical behaviors. The proposed model is used to present the findings of user behavior in connections with interfaces and the Web. Users' interaction with World Wide Web resources: an exploratory study using a holistic approach Peiling Wang William Hawk Carol Tenopir doi:10.1016/S0306-4573(99)00059-X Information Processing & Management, Vol. 36, No. 2. (1 March 2000), pp. 229-251. 2008-06-04T13:22:03-00:00 2000 Information Processing & Management 36 2 229 251 information interaction retrieval user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2857818 <i>Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2007. ICASSP 2007. IEEE International Conference on, Vol. 4 (2007), pp. IV-93-IV-96.</i><br /><br />The paper describes our work on the development of a system for retrieval of relevant stories from broadcast news. The system utilizes a combination of audio processing and text mining. The audio processing consists of a segmentation step that partitions the audio into speech and music. The speech is further segmented into speaker segments and then transcribed using an automatic speech recognition system, to yield text input for clustering using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). We find semantic topics that are used to evaluate the performance for topic detection. Based on these topics we show that a novel query expansion can be performed to return more intelligent search results. We also show that the query expansion helps overcome errors of the automatic transcription Castsearch - Context Based Spoken Document Retrieval LL Molgaard KW Jorgensen LK Hansen doi:10.1109/ICASSP.2007.367171 Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2007. ICASSP 2007. IEEE International Conference on, Vol. 4 (2007), pp. IV-93-IV-96. 2008-06-02T20:59:54-00:00 2007 Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, 2007. ICASSP 2007. IEEE International Conference on 4 IV-93 IV-96 information podcast retrieval spoken http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2859701 <i>(2007), pp. 165-174.</i> Computing block importance for searching on web sites David Fernandes Edleno de Moura Berthier Ribeiro-Neto Altigran da Silva Marcos Gon\ccalves doi:10.1145/1321440.1321466 (2007), pp. 165-174. 2008-06-03T18:27:50-00:00 2007 165 174 ACM cleaneval cleaning information retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/113538 <i>World Wide Web, Vol. 8, No. 2. (June 2005), pp. 179-224.</i> Automating Content Extraction of HTML Documents Suhit Gupta Gail Kaiser Peter Grimm Michael Chiang Justin Starren doi:10.1007/s11280-004-4873-3 World Wide Web, Vol. 8, No. 2. (June 2005), pp. 179-224. 2005-03-03T20:20:45-00:00 2005 World Wide Web 1386-145X 8 2 179 224 Kluwer Academic Publishers cleaneval content extraction http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2402958 <i>Information Processing & Management, Vol. 38, No. 5. (September 2002), pp. 695-726.</i> Users' relevance criteria in image retrieval in American history Youngok Choi Edie Rasmussen doi:10.1016/S0306-4573(01)00059-0 Information Processing & Management, Vol. 38, No. 5. (September 2002), pp. 695-726. 2008-02-20T14:15:14-00:00 2002 Information Processing & Management 38 5 695 726 information relevance retrieval user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/3662 <i>Information Processing & Management, Vol. 34, No. 2-3. ( 1998), pp. 219-236.</i><br /><br />This article takes a cognitive approach toward understanding the behaviors of end-users by focusing on the values or criteria they employ in making relevance judgments, or decisions about whether to obtain and use information. It compares and contrasts the results of two empirical studies in which criteria were elicited directly from individuals who were seeking information to resolve their own information problems. In one study, respondents were faculty and students in an academic environment examining print documents from traditional text-based information retrieval systems. In the other study, respondents were occupational users of weather-related information in a multimedia environment in which sources included interpersonal communication, mass media, weather instruments, and computerized weather systems. The results of the studies, taken together, provide evidence that a finite range of criteria exists and that these criteria are applied consistently across types of information users, problem situations, and source environments. Users' criteria for relevance evaluation: A cross-situational comparison Carol Barry Linda Schamber doi:10.1016/S0306-4573(97)00078-2 Information Processing & Management, Vol. 34, No. 2-3. ( 1998), pp. 219-236. 2004-12-15T16:30:07-00:00 1998 Information Processing & Management 34 2-3 219 236 information relevance retrieval user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/688165 <i>(2006), pp. 477-486.</i> Searching with context Reiner Kraft Chi Chang Farzin Maghoul Ravi Kumar doi:10.1145/1135777.1135847 (2006), pp. 477-486. 2006-06-07T10:19:55-00:00 2006 477 486 ACM Press context information retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2858851 <i>User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Vol. 11, No. 1. (1 March 2001), pp. 65-86.</i><br /><br />A fundamental objective of human–computer interaction research is to make systems more usable, more useful, and to provide users with experiences fitting their specific background knowledge and objectives. The challenge in an information-rich world is not only to make information available to people at any time, at any place, and in any form, but specifically to say the “right” thing at the “right” time in the “right” way. Designers of collaborative human–computer systems face the formidable task of writing software for millions of users (at design time) while making it work as if it were designed for each individual user (only known at use time). User modeling research has attempted to address these issues. In this article, I will first review the objectives, progress, and unfulfilled hopes that have occurred over the last ten years, and illustrate them with some interesting computational environments and their underlying conceptual frameworks. A special emphasis is given to high-functionality applications and the impact of user modeling to make them more usable, useful, and learnable. Finally, an assessment of the current state of the art followed by some future challenges is given. User Modeling in Human–Computer Interaction Gerhard Fischer doi:10.1023/A:1011145532042 User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Vol. 11, No. 1. (1 March 2001), pp. 65-86. 2008-06-03T11:49:26-00:00 2001 User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 11 1 65 86 modeling overview um user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2858473 <i>User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Vol. 17, No. 5. (23 December 2007), pp. 439-474.</i><br /><br />Abstract We describe a probabilistic approach for the interpretation of user arguments that integrates three aspects of an interpretation: inferences, suppositions and explanatory extensions. Inferences fill in information that connects the propositions in a user’s argument, suppositions postulate new information that is likely believed by the user and is necessary to make sense of his or her argument, and explanatory extensions postulate information the user may have implicitly considered when constructing his or her argument. Our system receives as input an argument entered through a web interface, and produces an interpretation in terms of its underlying knowledge representation—a Bayesian network. Our evaluations show that suppositions and explanatory extensions are necessary components of interpretations, and that users consider appropriate the suppositions and explanatory extensions postulated by our system. Inferences, suppositions and explanatory extensions in argument interpretation Sarah George Ingrid Zukerman Michael Niemann doi:10.1007/s11257-007-9034-9 User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, Vol. 17, No. 5. (23 December 2007), pp. 439-474. 2008-06-03T07:50:35-00:00 2007 User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 17 5 439 474 bayes inference modeling network user http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2858459 <i>(2004), pp. 1594-1595.</i> Evaluating interactive information retrieval systems: opportunities and challenges Nicholas Belkin Susan Dumais Jean Scholtz Ross Wilkinson doi:10.1145/985921.986162 (2004), pp. 1594-1595. 2008-06-03T07:38:10-00:00 2004 1594 1595 ACM evaluation information retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2402979 <i>SIGIR Forum, Vol. 38, No. 2. (December 2004), pp. 50-52.</i> Information retrieval in context - IRiX: workshop at SIGIR 2004 - Sheffield Peter Ingwersen Nick Belkin doi:10.1145/1041394.1041405 SIGIR Forum, Vol. 38, No. 2. (December 2004), pp. 50-52. 2008-02-20T14:25:42-00:00 2004 SIGIR Forum 0163-5840 38 2 50 52 ACM information retrieval workshop http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2630245 <i>Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 652-657.</i><br /><br />Hard queries are known to benefit from relevance feedback provided by users. It is, however, also known that users are generally reluctant to provide feedback when searching for information. A natural resort not demanding any active user participation is to exploit implicit feedback from the previous user search behavior, i.e., from the context of the current search session. In this work, we present a comparative study on the performance of the three most prominent retrieval models, the vector-space, probabilistic, and language-model based retrieval frameworks, when additional session context is incorporated. Exploiting Session Context for Information Retrieval - A Comparative Study Gaurav Pandey Julia Luxenburger doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78646-7_73 Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 652-657. 2008-04-04T17:46:49-00:00 2008 Advances in Information Retrieval 652 657 ecir feedback information relevance retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/1542207 <i>(2007), pp. 239-246.</i> Random walks on the click graph Nick Craswell Martin Szummer doi:10.1145/1277741.1277784 (2007), pp. 239-246. 2007-08-08T00:46:43-00:00 2007 239 246 ACM Press context feedback information relevance retrieval sigir http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/1191656 <i>Inf. Process. Manage., Vol. 42, No. 1. (January 2006), pp. 166-190.</i> An implicit feedback approach for interactive information retrieval Ryen White Joemon Jose Ian Ruthven doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2004.08.010 Inf. Process. Manage., Vol. 42, No. 1. (January 2006), pp. 166-190. 2007-03-28T15:18:35-00:00 2006 Inf. Process. Manage. 0306-4573 42 1 166 190 Pergamon Press, Inc. context feedback information interaction relevance retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2521939 <i>Inf. Process. Manage., Vol. 44, No. 2. (March 2008), pp. 511-533.</i> An evaluation of adaptive filtering in the context of realistic task-based information exploration Daqing He Peter Brusilovsky Jaewook Ahn Jonathan Grady Rosta Farzan Yefei Peng Yiming Yang Monica Rogati doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2007.07.009 Inf. Process. Manage., Vol. 44, No. 2. (March 2008), pp. 511-533. 2008-03-12T17:25:14-00:00 2008 Inf. Process. Manage. 0306-4573 44 2 511 533 Pergamon Press, Inc. context exploratory information retrieval search http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2857656 <i>Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 296-308.</i><br /><br />Since the introduction of the Enterprise Track at TREC in 2005, the task of finding experts has generated a lot of interest within the research community. Numerous models have been proposed that rank candidates by their level of expertise with respect to some topic. Common to all approaches is a component that estimates the strength of the association between a document and a person. Forming such associations, then, is a key ingredient in expertise search models. In this paper we introduce and compare a number of methods for building document-people associations. Moreover, we make underlying assumptions explicit, and examine two in detail: (i) independence of candidates, and (ii) frequency is an indication of strength. We show that our refined ways of estimating the strength of associations between people and documents leads to significant improvements over the state-of-the-art in the end-to-end expert finding task. Associating People and Documents Krisztian Balog Maarten de Rijke doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78646-7_28 Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 296-308. 2008-06-02T18:45:29-00:00 2008 Advances in Information Retrieval 296 308 ecir expertise retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2857653 <i>Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 321-333.</i><br /><br />Finding persons who are knowledgeable on a given topic (i.e. Expert Search) has become an active area of recent research [1,2,3] . In this paper we investigate the related task of Intelligent Message Addressing, i.e., finding persons who are potential recipients of a message under composition given its current contents, its previously-specified recipients or a few initial letters of the intended recipient contact (intelligent auto-completion). We begin by providing quantitative evidence, from a very large corpus, of how frequently email users are subject to message addressing problems. We then propose several techniques for this task, including adaptations of well-known formal models of Expert Search. Surprisingly, a simple model based on the K-Nearest-Neighbors algorithm consistently outperformed all other methods. We also investigated combinations of the proposed methods using fusion techniques, which leaded to significant performance improvements over the baselines models. In auto-completion experiments, the proposed models also outperformed all standard baselines. Overall, the proposed techniques showed ranking performance of more than 0.5 in MRR over 5202 queries from 36 different email users, suggesting intelligent message addressing can be a welcome addition to email. Ranking Users for Intelligent Message Addressing Vitor Carvalho William Cohen doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78646-7_30 Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 321-333. 2008-06-02T18:43:25-00:00 2008 Advances in Information Retrieval 321 333 ecir expertise retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2857650 <i>Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 309-320.</i><br /><br />In this paper we address the problem of searching for knowledgeable persons within the enterprise, known as the expert finding (or expert search) task. We present a probabilistic algorithm using the assumption that terms in documents are produced by people who are mentioned in them. We represent documents retrieved to a query as mixtures of candidate experts language models. Two methods of personal language models extraction are proposed, as well as the way of combining them with other evidences of expertise. Experiments conducted with the TREC Enterprise collection demonstrate the superiority of our approach in comparison with the best one among existing solutions. Modeling Documents as Mixtures of Persons for Expert Finding Pavel Serdyukov Djoerd Hiemstra doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78646-7_29 Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 309-320. 2008-06-02T18:40:03-00:00 2008 Advances in Information Retrieval 309 320 ecir expertise retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2001856 <i>(2007), pp. 15-22.</i> Using query contexts in information retrieval Jing Bai Jian-Yun Nie Guihong Cao Hugues Bouchard doi:10.1145/1277741.1277747 (2007), pp. 15-22. 2007-11-28T08:35:26-00:00 2007 15 22 ACM context information retrieval http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/1842549 <i>(2007), pp. 23-30.</i> Towards task-based personal information management evaluations David Elsweiler Ian Ruthven doi:10.1145/1277741.1277748 (2007), pp. 23-30. 2007-10-30T15:33:29-00:00 2007 23 30 ACM evaluation information retrieval task http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2856519 <i>Inf. Process. Manage., Vol. 20, No. 1-2. (1984), pp. 129-138.</i> Human information seeking and design of information systems. William Rouse Sandra Rouse Inf. Process. Manage., Vol. 20, No. 1-2. (1984), pp. 129-138. 2008-06-02T12:14:21-00:00 1984 Inf. Process. Manage. 0306-4573 20 1-2 129 138 Pergamon Press, Inc. design information seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2813723 <i>(2006), pp. 645-646.</i> Enterprise search behaviour of software engineers Luanne Freund Elaine Toms doi:10.1145/1148170.1148297 (2006), pp. 645-646. 2008-05-19T17:32:57-00:00 2006 645 646 ACM expertise human seeking user-centered http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2813685 <i>Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 283-295.</i><br /><br />In an Enterprise setting, an expert search system can assist users with their “expertise need” by suggesting people with relevant expertise to the topic of interest. These systems typically work by associating documentary evidence of expertise to each candidate expert, and then ranking the candidates by the extent to which the documents in their profile are about the query. There are three important factors that affect the retrieval performance of an expert search system - firstly, the selection of the candidate profiles (the documents associated with each candidate), secondly, how the topicality of the documents is measured, and thirdly how the evidence of expertise from the associated documents is combined. In this work, we investigate a new dimension to expert finding, namely whether some documents are better indicators of expertise than others in each candidate’s profile. We apply five techniques to predict the quality documents in candidate profiles, which are likely to be good indicators of expertise. The techniques applied include the identification of possible candidate homepages, and of clustering the documents in each profile to determine the candidate’s main areas of expertise. The proposed approaches are evaluated on three expert search task from recent TREC Enterprise tracks and provide conclusions. High Quality Expertise Evidence for Expert Search Craig Macdonald David Hannah Iadh Ounis doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78646-7_27 Advances in Information Retrieval (2008), pp. 283-295. 2008-05-19T17:11:39-00:00 2008 Advances in Information Retrieval 283 295 ecir evidence expertise finding retrieval search http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/477344 <i>ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., Vol. 12, No. 3. (September 2005), pp. 401-434.</i> Social matching: A framework and research agenda Loren Terveen David Mcdonald doi:10.1145/1096737.1096740 ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact., Vol. 12, No. 3. (September 2005), pp. 401-434. 2006-01-23T00:27:03-00:00 2005 ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 1073-0516 12 3 401 434 ACM Press expertise retrieval seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2813473 <i>SIGIR Forum, Vol. 41, No. 2. (December 2007), pp. 42-45.</i> The CSIRO enterprise search test collection Peter Bailey Nick Craswell Ian Soboroff Arjen de Vries doi:10.1145/1328964.1328969 SIGIR Forum, Vol. 41, No. 2. (December 2007), pp. 42-45. 2008-05-19T15:34:14-00:00 2007 SIGIR Forum 0163-5840 41 2 42 45 ACM enterprise search http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2813445 <i>(2007), pp. 379-382.</i> That's what friends are for: facilitating 'who knows what' across group boundaries Sadat Shami Connie Yuan Dan Cosley Ling Xia Geri Gay doi:10.1145/1316624.1316681 (2007), pp. 379-382. 2008-05-19T15:25:58-00:00 2007 379 382 ACM expertise recommendation retrieval seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2813437 <i>(2007), pp. 111-114.</i> QuME: a mechanism to support expertise finding in online help-seeking communities Jun Zhang Mark Ackerman Lada Adamic Kevin Nam doi:10.1145/1294211.1294230 (2007), pp. 111-114. 2008-05-19T15:23:25-00:00 2007 111 114 ACM expertise finding retrieval seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2664992 <i>Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on (2007), pp. 292-295.</i><br /><br />Instead of aiming at the augmentation of human communication abilities as other social software does, social network services (SNS) provide better chances for people to enhance their abilities to handle interpersonal relationships, by deriving their theoretical foundation from social network theory. However, they are far from working perfectly as reflected by the defects in the networks – distrust, fragmentation, and duplication. This paper addresses such problems innovatively in the context of personal information and knowledge management (PIKM), which involves a series of activities in our daily life and work that can be well supported by restructured SNS. While our future efforts target an operable SNS system as the solution to PIKM, our research at current stage gives full consideration to the identified problems, and achieves an initial system model with four primary modules: Personal Profile, Collaboration Workspace, Knowledge Network of Practice, and Platform. Redefining Social Network Services: A Solution to Personal Information and Knowledge Management Tingting Jiang Daqing He doi:10.1109/WIIATW.2007.4427592 Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on (2007), pp. 292-295. 2008-04-14T01:41:08-00:00 2007 Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology Workshops, 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on 292 295 information network search social http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2793804 <i>Proc. ESWC2005 Workshop on End-User Aspects of the Semantic Web (UserSWeb) (2005)</i> Supporting User Tasks and Context: Challenges for Semantic Web Research T Heath M Dzbor E Motta Proc. ESWC2005 Workshop on End-User Aspects of the Semantic Web (UserSWeb) (2005) 2008-05-13T07:37:53-00:00 2005 Proc. ESWC2005 Workshop on End-User Aspects of the Semantic Web (UserSWeb) context information http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2775143 <i>Quality and Quantity (April 2008)</i><br /><br />Qualitative empirical research and case studies have, like any other scientific method, their strengths and weaknesses. But how valid are the findings stemming from such research, particularly when they are base on data gained from interviews? This paper primarily deals with the methodological problems throughout the whole research process. Areas of concerns are: (1) before collecting data and during the whole research process, (2) the process of collecting data, (3) internal validity and making sense of data, (4) external validity of the data and findings, (5) relation between the findings and social sciences as well as social practice. The analysis will reveal a mixed picture concerning the scientific value of qualitative case studies. There is some good news. There is more methodological freedom and room for creativity in qualitative research than it seems at first glance. On the other hand there is a need for a greater methodological awareness particularly concerning possible downsides of subjectivity, the generalisation of the findings, conscious and unconscious biases, influences of dominant ideologies and mainstream thinking. Above all, there is a great need for rational critique. There is great need for a more critical attitude towards (basic) assumptions—particularly, to challenge, question and criticise literally everything systematically and permanently and to put the findings sufficiently in relation to the wider historical context, i.e. epochal ideologies and societal structures. Social science research has to contribute much more to the discussion of values, interests, and ideologies that shape current and future social practices. Are case studies more than sophisticated storytelling?: Methodological problems of qualitative empirical research mainly based on semi-structured interviews Thomas Diefenbach Quality and Quantity (April 2008) 2008-05-09T10:09:17-00:00 2008 Quality and Quantity Springer Netherlands methodology qualitative quantitative http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2767193 <i>Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 4106 LNAI, pp. 549-563.</i><br /><br />The Connection Machine helps PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) partners and staff to solve problems by connecting people to people. It allows information seekers to enter their question in free text, finds knowledgeable colleagues, forwards the question to them, obtains the answer and sends it back to the seeker. In the course of this interaction, the application unobtrusively learns and updates user profiles and thereby increases its routing accuracy. The Connection Machine combines features of expertise locators, adaptive case-based recommender systems and question answering applications. This document describes the core technology that supports the workflow, the user modeling and the retrieval technology of the Connection Machine. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006. Conference code: 68510 Sponsors: DaimlerChrysler, Germany; DFKI GmbH, Germany; empolis, Germany; kaidara software, France; Microsoft, Turkey; Pricewaterhouse Coopers, USA The PwC connection machine: An adaptive expertise provider MH Go?ker C Thompson S Araja?rvi K Hua Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 4106 LNAI, pp. 549-563. 2008-05-07T19:25:58-00:00 Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 4106 LNAI 549 563 expertise recommendation search http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2767190 <i>Decision Support Systems, Vol. 42, No. 3. (2006), pp. 1539-1557.</i><br /><br />Expertise management systems are being widely adopted in organizations to manage tacit knowledge. These systems have successfully applied many information technologies developed for document management to support collection, processing, and distribution of expertise information. In this paper, we report a study on the potential of applying visualization techniques to support more effective and efficient exploration of the expertise information space. We implemented two widely applied dimensionality reduction visualization techniques, the self-organizing map (SOM) and multidimensional scaling (MDS), to generate compact but distorted (due to the dimensionality reduction) map visualizations for an expertise data set. We tested cognitive fit theory in our context by comparing the SOM and MDS displays with a standard table display for five tasks selected from a low-level, domain-independent visual task taxonomy. The experimental results based on a survey data set of research expertise of the business school professors suggested that using both SOM and MDS visualizations is more efficient than using the table display for the associate, compare, distinguish, and cluster tasks, but not the rank task. Users generally achieved comparable effectiveness for all tasks using the tabular and map displays in our study. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Expertise visualization: An implementation and study based on cognitive fit theory Z Huang H Chen F Guo JJ Xu S Wu WH Chen doi:10.1016/j.dss.2006.01.006 Decision Support Systems, Vol. 42, No. 3. (2006), pp. 1539-1557. 2008-05-07T19:24:27-00:00 2006 Decision Support Systems 42 3 1539 1557 expertise visualization http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2764299 <i>Information Systems Frontiers, Vol. 2, No. 3-4. (2000), pp. 333-347.</i><br /><br />Informal information, such as the expertise of an organization or the workarounds practiced by a community, is a critical part of organizational or collective memory systems. From a user-centered perspective, a user merely wishes to get his work done, and to do this, he must solve his immediate problems. We have examined how to incorporate this problem solving into a collective memory, as well as how to incorporate the learning that accrues to it or from it. We report here on two systems, the Cafe ConstructionKit and the Collaborative Refinery, as well as an application, Answer Garden 2, built using these two systems. The Cafe ConstructionKit provides toolkit mechanisms for incorporating communication flows among people (as well as agents) into an organizational memory framework, and the Collaborative Refinery system provides mechanisms for distilling and refining the informal information obtained through these communication flows. The Answer Garden 2 application demonstrates the utility of these two underlying systems. Collaborative Support for Informal Information in Collective Memory Systems Mark Ackerman David Mcdonald Information Systems Frontiers, Vol. 2, No. 3-4. (2000), pp. 333-347. 2008-05-07T08:32:21-00:00 2000 Information Systems Frontiers 1387-3326 2 3-4 333 347 Kluwer Academic Publishers expertise information recommendation http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2764209 <i>JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION, Vol. 64, No. 2. (2008)</i> Students'search process and outcome in Medline in writing an essay for a class on evidence-based medicine S Huuskonen P Vakkari JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION, Vol. 64, No. 2. (2008) 2008-05-07T07:43:59-00:00 2008 JOURNAL OF DOCUMENTATION 64 2 Emerald Group Publishing Limited information precision recall seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2760236 <i>New Review of Information Behaviour Research, Vol. 3 (2002), pp. 143-60.</i> Information sharing in academic communities: types and levels of collaboration in information seeking and use S Talja New Review of Information Behaviour Research, Vol. 3 (2002), pp. 143-60. 2008-05-06T08:58:30-00:00 2002 New Review of Information Behaviour Research 3 143 60 collaboration information sharing http://www.citeulike.org/user/katja/article/2760072 <i>J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., Vol. 58, No. 11. (September 2007), pp. 1674-1685.</i> Impact of research cultures on the use of digital library resources Sanna Talja Pertti Vakkari Jenny Fry Paul Wouters doi:10.1002/asi.v58:11 J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., Vol. 58, No. 11. (September 2007), pp. 1674-1685. 2008-05-06T08:02:19-00:00 2007 J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol. 1532-2882 58 11 1674 1685 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. digital information library seeking