Sun, 27 Jul 2008 08:24:25 BST CiteULike: klouie's library [703 articles] http://www.citeulike.org/user/klouie/article/1075137 CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/klouie/article/1075137 <i>Nat Neurosci, Vol. 1, No. 5. (September 1998), pp. 411-416.</i><br /><br />Action is controlled by both motivation and cognition. The basal ganglia may be the site where these kinds of information meet. Using a memory-guided saccade task with an asymmetric reward schedule, we show that visual and memory responses of caudate neurons are modulated by expectation of reward so profoundly that a neuron's preferred direction often changed with the change in the rewarded direction. The subsequent saccade to the target was earlier and faster for the rewarded direction. Our results indicate that the caudate contributes to the determination of oculomotor outputs by connecting motivational values (for example, expectation of reward) to visual information. Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia. R Kawagoe Y Takikawa O Hikosaka doi:10.1038/1625 Nat Neurosci, Vol. 1, No. 5. (September 1998), pp. 411-416. 2007-01-29T21:56:50-00:00 1998 Nat Neurosci 1097-6256 1 5 411 416 caudate monkey neurophysiology reward saccade