Thu, 21 Aug 2008 09:47:18 BST CiteULike: klouie's O'Doherty http://www.citeulike.org/user/klouie/author/O'Doherty CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/klouie/article/2844657 <i>J. Neurosci., Vol. 28, No. 22. (28 May 2008), pp. 5623-5630.</i><br /><br />To make sound economic decisions, the brain needs to compute several different value-related signals. These include goal values that measure the predicted reward that results from the outcome generated by each of the actions under consideration, decision values that measure the net value of taking the different actions, and prediction errors that measure deviations from individuals' previous reward expectations. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a novel decision-making paradigm to dissociate the neural basis of these three computations. Our results show that they are supported by different neural substrates: goal values are correlated with activity in the medial orbitofrontal cortex, decision values are correlated with activity in the central orbitofrontal cortex, and prediction errors are correlated with activity in the ventral striatum. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1309-08.2008 Dissociating the Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex and the Striatum in the Computation of Goal Values and Prediction Errors Todd Hare John O'Doherty Colin Camerer Wolfram Schultz Antonio Rangel doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1309-08.2008 J. Neurosci., Vol. 28, No. 22. (28 May 2008), pp. 5623-5630. 2008-05-29T14:39:09-00:00 2008 J. Neurosci. 28 22 5623 5630 decisionmaking fmri neuroeconomics neuroimaging ofc reward value ventral_striatum http://www.citeulike.org/user/klouie/article/1532678 <i>J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 31. (1 August 2007), pp. 8166-8169.</i><br /><br />When Pat Goldman-Rakic described the circuitry and function of primate prefrontal cortex in her influential 1987 monograph (Goldman-Rakic, 1987), she included only a few short paragraphs on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). That year, there were only nine papers published containing the term "orbitofrontal," an average of less than one paper per month. Twenty years later, this rate has increased to 32 papers per month. This explosive growth is partly attributable to the remarkable similarities that exist in structure and function across species. These similarities suggest that OFC function can be usefully modeled in nonhuman and even nonprimate species. Here, we review some of these similarities. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1556-07.2007 What We Know and Do Not Know about the Functions of the Orbitofrontal Cortex after 20 Years of Cross-Species Studies Elisabeth Murray John O'Doherty Geoffrey Schoenbaum doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1556-07.2007 J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 31. (1 August 2007), pp. 8166-8169. 2007-08-03T09:13:20-00:00 2007 J. Neurosci. 27 31 8166 8169 orbitofrontal review http://www.citeulike.org/user/klouie/article/488875 <i>Science, Vol. 304, No. 5669. (16 April 2004), pp. 452-454.</i><br /><br />Instrumental conditioning studies how animals and humans choose actions appropriate to the affective structure of an environment. According to recent reinforcement learning models, two distinct components are involved: a "critic," which learns to predict future reward, and an "actor," which maintains information about the rewarding outcomes of actions to enable better ones to be chosen more frequently. We scanned human participants with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they engaged in instrumental conditioning. Our results suggest partly dissociable contributions of the ventral and dorsal striatum, with the former corresponding to the critic and the latter corresponding to the actor. Dissociable roles of ventral and dorsal striatum in instrumental conditioning. J O'Doherty P Dayan J Schultz R Deichmann K Friston RJ Dolan doi:10.1126/science.1094285 Science, Vol. 304, No. 5669. (16 April 2004), pp. 452-454. 2006-02-01T20:02:54-00:00 2004 Science 1095-9203 304 5669 452 454 actor_critic basal_ganglia human imaging striatum ventral_striatum