Sat, 26 Jul 2008 07:43:34 BST CiteULike: neteler's babesia http://www.citeulike.org/user/neteler/tag/babesia CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/neteler/article/2304429 <i>Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, Vol. 44, No. 2. (5 February 2001), pp. 116-136.</i><br /><br />Zusammenfassung Derzeit sind in Deutschland 24 von Arthropoden oder Nagetieren übertragene Infektionserkrankungen endemisch, von denen 13 durch Schildzecken, fünf durch Ratten und Mäuse, drei durch Stechmücken und eine durch Kleiderläuse übertragen werden. Das Auftreten weiterer neun Infektionserkrankungen kann vermutet werden, von denen vier durch Schildzecken, vier durch Stechmücken und eine durch Flöhe übertragen werden. Von den durch heimische Arthropoden übertragenen Infektionserregern werden 72% (13 von 18) durch Schildzecken übertragen. Die bei weitem häufigste von Vektoren übertragene Erkrankung in Deutschland ist die Lyme-Borreliose mit einer angenommenen jährlichen Inzidenzrate von 20.000 bis 60.000 Fällen, weshalb Schildzecken im Vergleich mit anderen Vektorenfamilien qualitativ und quantitativ das größte Gefährdungspotential darstellen. Das Auftreten sowie die Ausbreitung neuer humanpathogener Infektionserreger ist in Mitteleuropa grundsätzlich immer möglich. Bei kürzlich durchgeführten serologischen Studien konnten bei Menschen erstmals anti-Ehrlichia- und anti-Babesia-Antikörper nachgewiesen werden. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass auch in Deutschland bislang nicht nachgewiesene Infektionserreger vorkommen und die Gefährdung durch von Zecken übertragene Infektionserkrankungen vermutlich erheblich unterschätzt wird. Zugleich breiten sich in Europa die FSME, das Mittelmeerfleckfieber, das West-Nil-Fieber sowie das Mäusefleckfieber weiter aus. Verfügbare Schutzmaßnahmen zur Verhinderung von vektorassoziierten Infektionserkrankungen basieren hauptsächlich auf persönlichen Schutz- und Schädlingsbekämpfungsmaßnahmen, die im Folgenden näher vorgestellt werden. Die im weltweiten Vergleich geringen und schlecht koordinierten Anstrengungen auf medizinisch-zoologischem Fachgebiet in Deutschland müssen dem internationalen Niveau sowie der globalen Situation angepasst werden. Abstract Overall, 24 known or potentially human-pathogenic vector-borne disease agents are transmitted in Germany, 13 of them by hard ticks, 5 by commensal rodents (rats and mice), 3 by mosquitoes, and one by body lice, respectively. Regarding vector-borne disease agents that are suspected to be present or hypothetically are transmissible in Germany, additionally 4 disease agents are vectored by hard ticks, 4 by mosquitoes, and one by fleas, and possibly sandflies, respectively. Among vector-borne diseases proven to be endemic in Germany, tick-borne diseases prevail significantly, both in the number of disease agents transmitted as well as in the resulting annual case-load of human diseases. Lyme-borreliosis is by far the most frequent vector-borne disease showing an estimated incidence between 20.000 and 60.000 cases annually. Serologic studies conducted recently for the determination of anti-Ehrlichia- and anti-Babesia-antibodies in human populations indicate that these newly detected disease agents are present and thus the burden of tick-borne diseases may be underestimated in Germany. Currently, Central European tick-borne encephalitis, Mediterranean spotted fever, West Nile fever, and Murine typhus are reportedly spreading across Europe. Available measures for disease prevention mainly base on different principles of personal protection and vector control further discussed herein. Strong efforts in the field of medical entomology must be taken in Germany to improve the health support required to deal with the global disease threat and reach an international standard in this area. Vorkommen und Verhütung vektorassoziierter Erkrankungen des Menschen in Deutschland unter Berücksichtigung zoonotischer Aspekte M Faulde G Hoffmann doi:10.1007/s001030050422 Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz, Vol. 44, No. 2. (5 February 2001), pp. 116-136. 2008-01-29T16:09:49-00:00 2001 Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 44 2 116 136 arthropod-vectors babesia disease ehrlichiosis hanta lyme rickettsial rodents tbe ticks vector-borne west-nile zoonoses http://www.citeulike.org/user/neteler/article/2219073 <i>International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof</i><br /><br />Tick-borne infections are among the more important vector-borne infections in the northern hemisphere. However, many facts pertaining to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of such diseases in Europe remain unclear. Human babesiosis in particular may have previously been overlooked in many parts of the world due to a lack of medical awareness and microbiological detection methods. Recently, the first two cases of human babesiosis were reported in Germany, occurring in vicinities where the presence of Babesia spp. in enzootic cycles was obvious for decades but where the risk of acquiring Babesia spp. either from ticks or from human blood products was not known before. It is important to note, though, that as with other tick-borne diseases, Babesia infections may arise in geographic areas where they have not been recorded in the past. Better molecular detection methods and strain typing of parasites are necessary to investigate the epidemiological distribution of zoonotic Babesia spp. in Europe and to clarify whether their virulence or transmissibility is strain-dependent. Therefore, further seroepidemiological and molecular epidemiological studies are urgently needed to learn more about the distribution and medical relevance of these pathogens in various parts of Europe in general and in Germany in particular. Human babesiosis in Germany: Just overlooked or truly new Anke Hildebrandt Astrid Tenter Eberhard Straube Klaus-Peter Hunfeld doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2007.11.001 International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. In Press, Corrected Proof 2008-01-11T14:07:52-00:00 International Journal of Medical Microbiology In Press, Corrected Proof babesia disease http://www.citeulike.org/user/neteler/article/1075837 <i>(2001), pp. 35-57.</i> La situazione nel Bellunese. La metodologia delle indagini in campo e nel laboratorio. Risultati delle indagini ecologiche ed epidemiologiche delle campagne di raccolta 2000 e 2001 G Piccolin C Lorenzato L Pitton V Porta M Ramon G Bertiato (2001), pp. 35-57. 2007-01-30T11:14:15-00:00 2001 35 57 anaplasmosis babesia ehrlichiosis lyme rickettsial tick-borne ticks http://www.citeulike.org/user/neteler/article/963630 <i>Curr Microbiol, Vol. 48, No. 6. (June 2004), pp. 435-437.</i><br /><br />The majority of babesia infections in Europe are life-threatening and caused by Babesia divergens and B. bovis. Although Babesia microti has been detected in ticks from Switzerland, few if any cases of babesiosis have been caused by B. microti. This first reported case, diagnosed by serology, DNA detection, and microscopy, is additionally interesting because there appears to be coinfection with the Lyme disease organism, Borrelia burgdorferi. Babesia microti infection in Europe. L Meer-Scherrer M Adelson E Mordechai B Lottaz R Tilton doi:10.1007/s00284-003-4238-7 Curr Microbiol, Vol. 48, No. 6. (June 2004), pp. 435-437. 2006-11-27T17:34:22-00:00 2004 Curr Microbiol 0343-8651 48 6 435 437 babesia disease ixodes ticks