Sun, 27 Jul 2008 07:38:34 BST CiteULike: oamg's risk_preference http://www.citeulike.org/user/oamg/tag/risk_preference CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/oamg/article/1869934 <i>Journal of Adolescence, Vol. 26, No. 4. (August 2003), pp. 475-479.</i><br /><br />The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was administered to a sample of 26 high school-aged adolescents to test the utility of the BART as a behavioural measure of risk-taking propensity. Data indicate that riskyness on the BART was related to self-reported engagement in real-world risk-taking behaviours. These data replicate and uniquely extend past research to an adolescent sample, suggesting that the BART may be a useful addition to self-report batteries for the assessment of risk-taking behaviours in adolescents. Evaluation of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) as a predictor of adolescent real-world risk-taking behaviours CW Lejuez Will Aklin Michael Zvolensky Christina Pedulla doi:10.1016/S0140-1971(03)00036-8 Journal of Adolescence, Vol. 26, No. 4. (August 2003), pp. 475-479. 2007-11-05T19:32:51-00:00 2003 Journal of Adolescence 26 4 475 479 bart risk risk_perception risk_preference http://www.citeulike.org/user/oamg/article/1370456 <i>J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 23. (6 June 2007), pp. 6212-6218.</i><br /><br />As adult humans, we are continuously faced with decisions in which proper weighing of the risk involved is critical. Excessively risky or overly cautious decision making can both have disastrous real-world consequences. Weighing of risks and benefits toward decision making involves a complex neural network that includes the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but its role remains unclear. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have shown that disruption of the DLPFC increases risk-taking behavior. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) allows upregulation of activity in the DLPFC, and we predicted that it might promote more cautious decision making. Healthy participants received one of the following treatments while they performed the Balloon Analog Risk Task: (1) right anodal/left cathodal DLPFC tDCS, (2) left anodal/ right cathodal DLPFC tDCS, or (3) sham tDCS. This experiment revealed that participants receiving either one of the bilateral DLPFC tDCS strategies adopted a risk-averse response style. In a control experiment, we tested whether unilateral DLPFC stimulation (anodal tDCS over the right or left DLPFC with the cathodal electrode over the contralateral supraorbital area) was sufficient to decrease risk-taking behaviors. This experiment showed no difference in decision-making behaviors between the groups of unilateral DLPFC stimulation and sham stimulation. These findings extend the notion that DLPFC activity is critical for adaptive decision making, possibly by suppressing riskier responses. Anodal tDCS over DLPFC by itself did not significantly change risk-taking behaviors; however, when the contralateral DLPFC was modulated with cathodal tCDS, an important decrease in risk taking was observed. Also, the induced cautious decision-making behavior was observed only when activity of both DLPFCs was modulated. The ability to modify risk-taking behavior may be translated into therapeutic interventions for disorders such as drug abuse, overeating, or pathological gambling. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0314-07.2007 Activation of Prefrontal Cortex by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Appetite for Risk during Ambiguous Decision Making Shirley Fecteau Alvaro Pascual-Leone David Zald Paola Liguori Hugo Theoret Paulo Boggio Felipe Fregni doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0314-07.2007 J. Neurosci., Vol. 27, No. 23. (6 June 2007), pp. 6212-6218. 2007-06-07T14:08:41-00:00 2007 J. Neurosci. 27 23 6212 6218 ambiguity behavior decision-making human neuroeconomics prefrontal_cortex risk_preference risky_choice tms http://www.citeulike.org/user/oamg/article/1344077 <i>Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7144. (31 May 2007), pp. 581-584.</i> Life-history trade-offs favour the evolution of animal personalities Max Wolf Sander van Doorn Olof Leimar Franz Weissing doi:10.1038/nature05835 Nature, Vol. 447, No. 7144. (31 May 2007), pp. 581-584. 2007-05-30T19:53:10-00:00 2007 Nature 447 7144 581 584 evolution hawk-dove personality risk_preference