CiteULike: rabourn's classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/tag/classification CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/1277738 <i>Pew Internet Life Project, Vol. Jan 31 (2007)</i><br /><br />A December 2006 survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project has found that 28% of internet users have tagged or categorized content online such as photos, news stories or blog posts. On a typical day online, 7% of internet users say they tag or categorize online content. Forget Dewey and His Decimals, Internet Users are Revolutionizing the Way We Classify Information – and Make Sense of It Lee Rainie Pew Internet Life Project, Vol. Jan 31 (2007) 2007-05-04T17:43:12-00:00 Pew Internet Life Project Jan 31 classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/950399 <i></i> Beneath the Metadata: Some Philosophical Problems with Folksonomy 2006-11-17T18:08:57-00:00 classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/1074243 <i>(2001)</i><br /><br />This article addresses how demographic profiling in online forums affects the creation of socially vibrant communities. Many site designers, believing that user profiles aid in community development by providing the users with a social context, encourage or require their use. Instead of offering a broader context for users to grasp the social cues normally available in the physical world, profiles dramatically affect the social behaviors, norms and cultures of online environments, most notably... Sexing the Internet: Reflections on the role of identification in online communities Danah Boyd (2001) 2007-01-29T12:58:04-00:00 classification gender http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/493921 <i>(1997), pp. 1103-1114.</i><br /><br />Web browser bookmarking facilities predominate as the method of choice for managing URLs. In this paper, we describe some deficiencies of current bookmarking schemes, and examine an alternative to current approaches. We present WebTaggerTM, an implemented prototype of a personal bookmarking service that provides both individuals and groups with a customizable means of organizing and accessing Web-based information resources. In addition, the service enables users to supply feedback on the utility of these resources relative to their information needs, and provides dynamically-updated ranking of resources based on incremental user feedback. Individuals may access the service from anywhere on the Internet, and require no special software. This service greatly simplifies the process of sharing URLs within groups, in comparison with manual methods involving email. The underlying bookmark organization scheme is more natural and flexible than current hierarchical schemes supported by the major Web browsers, and enables rapid access to stored bookmarks. A bookmarking service for organizing and sharing URLs Richard Keller Shawn Wolfe James Chen Joshua Rabinowitz Nathalie Mathe doi:10.1016/S0169-7552(97)00028-7 (1997), pp. 1103-1114. 2006-02-05T08:49:55-00:00 0169-7552 1103 1114 Elsevier Science Publishers Ltd. classification social-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/1014984 <i>(30 January 2003)</i><br /><br />The Body Multiple is an extraordinary ethnography of an ordinary disease. Drawing on fieldwork in a Dutch university hospital, Annemarie Mol looks at the day-to-day diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. A patient information leaflet might describe atherosclerosis as the gradual obstruction of the arteries, but in hospital practice this one medical condition appears to be many other things as well. From one moment, place, apparatus, specialty, or treatment to the next, a slightly different "atherosclerosis" is being discussed, measured, observed, or stripped away. Mol demonstrates that this multiplicity does not imply fragmentation. Instead, the disease is made to cohere through a range of tactics including transporting forms and files, making images, holding case conferences, and conducting doctor-patient conversations. <P>The Body Multiple juxtaposes two distinct texts. Alongside Mol's analysis of her ethnographic material—interviews with doctors and patients; observations of medical examinations, consultations, and operations—runs a parallel text in which she reflects on the relevant literature. Mol draws on medical anthropology, sociology, feminist theory, philosophy, and science and technology studies to reframe such issues as the disease-illness distinction, subject-object relations, boundaries, difference, situatedness, and ontology. In dialogue with one another, Mol's two texts meditate on the multiplicity of reality-in-practice. <P>Presenting philosophical reflections on the body and medical practice through vivid storytelling, The Body Multiple will be important to those in medical anthropology, philosophy, and the social study of science, technology, and medicine. The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice (Science and Cultural Theory) Annemarie Mol (30 January 2003) 2006-12-26T15:46:38-00:00 Duke University Press classification discourse medical-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/816066 <i>(2006), pp. 31-40.</i> HT06, tagging paper, taxonomy, Flickr, academic article, to read Cameron Marlow Mor Naaman Danah Boyd Marc Davis doi:10.1145/1149941.1149949 (2006), pp. 31-40. 2006-08-24T20:16:54-00:00 31 40 ACM Press classification social-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/1206608 <i></i><br /><br />Abstract: While free-tagging classification is widely used in social software implementations and especially in weblogs, it raises various issues regarding information retrieval. In this paper, we describe an approach that mixes folksonomies and semantic web technologies in order to solve some of these problems, and to enrich information retrieval capabilities among blog posts. We first introduce the corporate context of the study and the issues we have faced that motivated our approach. Then, we argue how the use of domain ontologies combined with the SIOC vocabulary on the top of an existing folksonomy and weblogging platform offers a way to get rid of free-tagging classification flaws, and enhances information retrieval by suggesting related blog posts. Using Ontologies to Strengthen Folksonomies and Enrich Information Retrieval in Weblogs: Theoretical background and corporate use-case Alexandre Passant 2007-04-04T18:38:09-00:00 classification knowledge-management http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/822253 <i>(2006), pp. 111-114.</i><br /><br />Collaborative tagging systems, or folksonomies, have the potential of becoming technological infrastructure to support knowledge management activities in an organization or a society. There are many challenges, however. This paper presents designs that enhance collaborative tagging systems to meet some key challenges: community identification, ontology generation, user and document recommendation. Design prototypes, evaluation methodology and selected preliminary results are presented. Harvesting social knowledge from folksonomies Harris Wu Mohammad Zubair Kurt Maly doi:10.1145/1149941.1149962 (2006), pp. 111-114. 2006-08-30T16:38:31-00:00 111 114 ACM Press classification knowledge-management social-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/761569 <i>(2006), pp. 625-632.</i> Improved annotation of the blogosphere via autotagging and hierarchical clustering Christopher Brooks Nancy Montanez doi:10.1145/1135777.1135869 (2006), pp. 625-632. 2006-07-17T02:40:16-00:00 625 632 ACM Press classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/740681 <i>J. Inf. Sci., Vol. 32, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 198-208.</i> Usage patterns of collaborative tagging systems Scott Golder Bernardo Huberman doi:10.1177/0165551506062337 J. Inf. Sci., Vol. 32, No. 2. (April 2006), pp. 198-208. 2006-07-05T17:36:01-00:00 J. Inf. Sci. 0165-5515 32 2 198 208 Sage Publications, Inc. classification social-informatics social-navigation social-networks http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/699830 <i>(May 2006)</i> Position Paper, Tagging, Taxonomy, Flickr, Article, ToRead Cameron Marlow Mor Naaman Danah Boyd Marc Davis (May 2006) 2006-06-18T14:04:59-00:00 classification information-seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/566157 <i>Spectrum, IEEE, Vol. 43, No. 2. (2006), pp. 80-80.</i> Technically Speaking: Folk Wisdom P Mcfedries Spectrum, IEEE, Vol. 43, No. 2. (2006), pp. 80-80. 2006-03-27T21:24:43-00:00 Spectrum, IEEE 43 2 80 80 classification collaboration http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/669117 <i>(2006)</i> Investigating social tagging and folksonomy in art museums with steve.museum Jennifer Trant Bruce Wyman (2006) 2006-05-24T22:29:26-00:00 classification cultural-heritage http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/664041 <i>(2006), pp. 36-39.</i> Why do tagging systems work? George Furnas Caterina Fake Luis von Ahn Joshua Schachter Scott Golder Kevin Fox Marc Davis Cameron Marlow Mor Naaman doi:10.1145/1125451.1125462 (2006), pp. 36-39. 2006-05-22T07:30:23-00:00 36 39 ACM Press classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/587656 <i></i><br /><br />Heidegger criticized "ontotheology," which in the present context might be construed as advocacy of static, precise, complete, eternally valid categorizations of what is, either altogether, or in some limited domain. Not to be outdone, French post-structuralists considered intertextuality, deconstruction, writerly texts, etc. Sociologists of science observe the intensely political and ethical aspects of classification systems, plus their malleability, evolution, and local interpretation.... Ontology, Ontotheology, and Society Joseph Department 2006-04-15T15:46:40-00:00 classification ontology http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/582493 <i>Asian Libraries, Vol. 6, No. 3/4. (1997), pp. 215-222.</i><br /><br />Provides a brief historical background on why libraries are relevant to Maori. Discusses some of the factors and issues relating to developing Maori collections. Profiles a selection of libraries with Maori collections. Maori collections in New Zealand libraries Chris Szekely Sally Weatherall Asian Libraries, Vol. 6, No. 3/4. (1997), pp. 215-222. 2006-04-12T04:50:03-00:00 Asian Libraries 6 3/4 215 222 classification culture information-seeking libraries http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/582491 <i>(2001)</i> Visions and Metaphors for First Nations Information Management Kim Lawson (2001) 2006-04-12T04:18:58-00:00 classification culture http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/582441 <i>(2003), pp. 5-16.</i><br /><br />At present, music digital library systems are being developed based on anecdotal evidence of user needs, intuitive feelings for user information seeking behavior, and a priori assumptions of typical usage scenarios. Emphasis has been placed on basic research into music document representation, efficient searching, and audio-based searching, rather than on exploring the music information needs or information behavior of a target user group. This paper focuses on eliciting the native music information strategies employed by people searching for popular music (that is, music sought for recreational or enjoyment purposes rather than to support a serious or scientific exploration of some aspect of music). To this end, we conducted an ethnographic study of the searching/browsing techniques employed by people in the researchers local communities, as they use two common sources of music: the public library and music stores. We argue that the insights provided by this type of study can inform the development of searching/browsing support for music digital libraries. An ethnographic study of music information seeking: implications for the design of a music digital library Sally Cunningham Nina Reeves Matthew Britland (2003), pp. 5-16. 2006-04-12T03:49:45-00:00 5 16 IEEE Computer Society classification ethnography information-seeking music http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/488147 <i></i> How Classifications Work: Problems and Challenges in an Electronic Age 2006-01-31T22:44:39-00:00 classification culture http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/581353 <i>(March 2006)</i><br /><br />This paper examines the results of a study of the three groups involved in creating index keywords or tags: users, authors and intermediaries. Keywords from each of the three groups were compared to determine similarities and differences in term use. Comparisons suggested that there were important differences in the contexts of the three groups that should be taken into account when assigning keywords or designing systems for the organisation of information. Exploring the context of user, creator and intermediate tagging Margaret Kipp (March 2006) 2006-04-11T02:31:37-00:00 classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/432161 <i>(2002), pp. 223-230.</i> Cross-cultural usability of the library metaphor Elke Duncker doi:10.1145/544220.544269 (2002), pp. 223-230. 2005-12-09T20:46:14-00:00 223 230 ACM Press classification culture information-seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/578490 <i>(28 March 1997)</i><br /><br />This new volume brings together articles that apply critical discourse analysis to texts and speech that contributes to the marginalization of minority groups. Studying both the fine details of language use and the political values implicated by word choice, the contributors examine how an "us versus them" division is played out in a wide array of cultural settings. Among the groups considered are immigrants in Western Europe, African Americans, African Canadians, Mexican Natives, Jews in Austria, and Muslims in Europe and North America. Examples of everyday speech through which prejudice is conveyed include advertising, parliamentary debate, travel literature, newspaper articles, the law, autobiography, and even classroom discourse. Collectively, the chapters make a strong and original case for the values of linguistic perspective in the study of prejudice and social inequity. The Language and Politics of Exclusion demonstrates, especially to such disciplines as sociology, journalism, and communication the ways in which discourses can marginalize others. Students and professionals will gain insight into this problem and ideally, learn the self-monitoring skills necessary to prevent this from happening. This book's in-depth look into the issue helps to lead the way. The Language and Politics of Exclusion : Others in Discourse (Communication and Human Values) (28 March 1997) 2006-04-06T14:28:58-00:00 Sage Publications, Inc classification discourse ontology http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/577224 <i>Commun. ACM, Vol. 49, No. 4. (April 2006), pp. 59-61.</i> Clustering versus faceted categories for information exploration Marti Hearst doi:10.1145/1121949.1121983 Commun. ACM, Vol. 49, No. 4. (April 2006), pp. 59-61. 2006-04-05T17:31:32-00:00 Commun. ACM 0001-0782 49 4 59 61 ACM Press classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/365338 <i>(9 Sep 2005)</i><br /><br />What processes can explain how very large populations are able to converge on the use of a particular word or grammatical construction without global coordination? Answering this question helps to understand why new language constructs usually propagate along an S-shaped curve with a rather sudden transition towards global agreement. It also helps to analyze and design new technologies that support or orchestrate self-organizing communication systems, such as recent social tagging systems for the web. The article introduces and studies a microscopic model of communicating autonomous agents performing language games without any central control. We show that the system undergoes a disorder/order transition, going trough a sharp symmetry breaking process to reach a shared set of conventions. Before the transition, the system builds up non-trivial scale-invariant correlations, for instance in the distribution of competing synonyms, which display a Zipf-like law. These correlations make the system ready for the transition towards shared conventions, which, observed on the time-scale of collective behaviors, becomes sharper and sharper with system size. This surprising result not only explains why human language can scale up to very large populations but also suggests ways to optimize artificial semiotic dynamics. Sharp Transition towards Shared Vocabularies in Multi-Agent Systems A Baronchelli M Felici E Caglioti V Loreto L Steels doi:10.1088/1742-5468/2006/06/P06014 (9 Sep 2005) 2005-10-26T09:44:21-00:00 classification language social-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/322777 <i>D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 9. (September 2005)</i> Social Terminology Enhancement through Vernacular Engagement: Exploring Collaborative Annotation to Encourage Interaction with Museum Collections David Bearman Jennifer Trant D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 9. (September 2005) 2005-09-16T16:08:46-00:00 D-Lib Magazine 11 9 classification collaboration museums http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/539299 <i>E-LIS (2006)</i> Collaborative Tagging as a Knowledge Organisation and Resource Discovery Tool E-LIS (2006) 2006-03-08T04:09:57-00:00 E-LIS classification collaboration information-seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/94615 <i></i><br /><br />This paper reflects on three examples of a discourse-oriented approach to supporting collective interpretation. By this, we mean activities involving two or more people who are trying to make sense of an issue. The common theme linking the examples is that each mediates interpretive activity via a software environment which structures discourse: participants construct their interpretation within a representational framework which in return provides computational services. As a by-product, this ... Structuring Discourse for Collective Interpretation Simon Shum Albert Selvin 2005-02-15T00:12:15-00:00 classification collaboration ontology social-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/484851 <i>(29 Dec 2005)</i><br /><br />We describe online collaborative communities by tripartite networks, the nodes being persons, items and tags. We introduce projection methods in order to uncover the structures of the networks, i.e. communities of users, genre families... <br />To do so, we focus on the correlations between the nodes, depending on their profiles, and use percolation techniques that consist in removing less correlated links and observing the shaping of disconnected islands. The structuring of the network is visualised by using a tree representation. The notion of diversity in the system is also discussed. Collaborative tagging as a tripartite network R Lambiotte M Ausloos (29 Dec 2005) 2006-01-29T15:41:39-00:00 classification collaboration http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/163244 <i>D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 4. (April 2005)</i> Social Bookmarking Tools (II): A Case Study - Connotea Ben Lund Tony Hammond Martin Flack Timo Hannay D-Lib Magazine, Vol. 11, No. 4. (April 2005) 2005-04-18T02:08:45-00:00 D-Lib Magazine 11 4 classification knowledge-management http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/298775 <i>(2005), pp. 1505-1508.</i> Don't take my folders away!: organizing personal information to get ghings done William Jones Ammy Phuwanartnurak Rajdeep Gill Harry Bruce doi:10.1145/1056808.1056952 (2005), pp. 1505-1508. 2005-08-19T19:33:17-00:00 1505 1508 ACM Press classification pim http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/452911 <i>Queue, Vol. 3, No. 9. (November 2005), pp. 28-35.</i> Social bookmarking in the enterprise David Millen Jonathan Feinberg Bernard Kerr doi:10.1145/1105664.1105676 Queue, Vol. 3, No. 9. (November 2005), pp. 28-35. 2005-12-29T17:03:58-00:00 Queue 1542-7730 3 9 28 35 ACM Press classification collaboration knowledge-management social-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/557289 <i></i><br /><br />Most knowledge management (KM) projects aim at creating a knowledge base system in which all corporate knowledge is organized according to a single, supposedly shared and objective classification. The underlying assumption is that knowledge can be made objective refining it of all its subjective, contextual, and social aspects. The Role Of Classification(s) In Distributed Knowledge Management Matteo Bonifacio Paolo Bouquet Roberta Cuel 2006-03-20T20:21:52-00:00 classification knowledge-management http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/158158 <i>(15 April 1990)</i><br /><br /><div>"Its publication should be a major event for cognitive linguistics and should pose a major challenge for cognitive science. In addition, it should have repercussions in a variety of disciplines, ranging from anthropology and psychology to epistemology and the philosophy of science. . . . Lakoff asks: What do categories of language and thought reveal about the human mind? Offering both general theory and minute details, Lakoff shows that categories reveal a great deal."--David E. Leary, <i>American Scientist</i><br><br></div> Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things George Lakoff (15 April 1990) 2005-04-11T00:55:03-00:00 University Of Chicago Press classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/423545 <i>(18 April 2000)</i><br /><br />Instant electronic access to digital information is the single most distinguishing attribute of the information age. The elaborate retrieval mechanisms that support such access are a product of technology. But technology is not enough. The effectiveness of a system for accessing information is a direct function of the intelligence put into organizing it. Just as the practical field of engineering has theoretical physics as its underlying base, the design of systems for organizing information rests on an intellectual foundation. The subject of this book is the systematized body of knowledge that constitutes this foundation.<br /> <br /> Integrating the disparate disciplines of descriptive cataloging, subject cataloging, indexing, and classification, the book adopts a conceptual framework that views the process of organizing information as the use of a special language of description called a bibliographic language. The book is divided into two parts. The first part is an analytic discussion of the intellectual foundation of information organization. The second part moves from generalities to particulars, presenting an overview of three bibliographic languages: work languages, document languages, and subject languages. It looks at these languages in terms of their vocabulary, semantics, and syntax. The book is written in an exceptionally clear style, at a level that makes it understandable to those outside the discipline of library and information science. The Intellectual Foundation of Information Organization (Digital Libraries and Electronic Publishing) Elaine Svenonius (18 April 2000) 2005-12-06T17:50:57-00:00 The MIT Press classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/163128 <i>Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 49, No. 13. (12 December 1998), pp. 1185-1205.</i><br /><br />Discussion in the research community and among the general public regarding content indexing (especially subject indexing) and access to digital resources, especially on the Internet, has underutilized research on a variety of factors that are important in the design of such access mechanisms. Some of these factors and issues are reviewed and implications drawn for information system design in the era of electronic access. Specifically the following are discussed: <I >Human factors:</I > Subject searching vs. indexing, multiple terms of access, folk classification, basic-level terms, and folk access; <I >Database factors:</I > Bradford's Law, vocabulary scalability, the Resnikoff-Dolby 30:1 Rule; <I >Domain factors:</I > Role of domain in indexing. Indexing and access for digital libraries and the internet: Human, database, and domain factors Marcia Bates doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1998110)49:13<1185::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-V Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 49, No. 13. (12 December 1998), pp. 1185-1205. 2005-04-17T18:03:47-00:00 Journal of the American Society for Information Science 1097-4571 49 13 1185 1205 classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/137275 <i>Artif Intell Med, Vol. 15, No. 1. (January 1999), pp. 25-51.</i><br /><br />In this article, we introduce a knowledge-based approach to medical text understanding. From an in-depth consideration of deep sentence and text understanding we distill basic requirements for an adequate knowledge representation framework. These requirements are then matched with currently available medical ontologies (thesauri, terminologies, etc.). A fundamental trade-off is recognized between large-scale conceptual coverage on the one hand, and formal mechanisms for integrity preservation and conceptual expressiveness on the other hand. We discuss various shortcomings of the most wide-spread ontologies to capture medical knowledge in-the-large. As a result, we argue for the need of a formally sound and expressive model along the lines of KL-ONE-style terminological representation systems in the format of description logics. These provide an adequate methodology for designing more sophisticated, flexible medical ontologies serving the needs of 'deep' knowledge applications which are by no means restricted to medical language processing. How knowledge drives understanding--matching medical ontologies with the needs of medical language processing. U Hahn M Romacker S Schulz Artif Intell Med, Vol. 15, No. 1. (January 1999), pp. 25-51. 2005-03-23T11:23:54-00:00 Artif Intell Med 0933-3657 15 1 25 51 classification medicine ontology http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/305755 <i>(18 Aug 2005)</i><br /><br />Collaborative tagging describes the process by which many users add metadata in the form of keywords to shared content. Recently, collaborative tagging has grown in popularity on the web, on sites that allow users to tag bookmarks, photographs and other content. In this paper we analyze the structure of collaborative tagging systems as well as their dynamical aspects. Specifically, we discovered regularities in user activity, tag frequencies, kinds of tags used, bursts of popularity in bookmarking and a remarkable stability in the relative proportions of tags within a given url. We also present a dynamical model of collaborative tagging that predicts these stable patterns and relates them to imitation and shared knowledge. The Structure of Collaborative Tagging Systems Scott Golder Bernardo Huberman (18 Aug 2005) 2005-08-27T17:06:09-00:00 classification sociology http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/368051 <i>(26 September 2005)</i><br /><br />How do you find your way in an age of information overload? How can you filter streams of complex information to pull out only what you want? Why does it matter how information is structured when Google seems to magically bring up the right answer to your questions? What does it mean to be "findable" in this day and age? This eye-opening new book examines the convergence of information and connectivity. Written by Peter Morville, author of the groundbreaking <i>Information Architecture for the World Wide Web</i>, the book defines our current age as a state of unlimited findability. In other words, anyone can find anything at any time. Complete navigability. <p> Morville discusses the Internet, GIS, and other network technologies that are coming together to make unlimited findability possible. He explores how the melding of these innovations impacts society, since Web access is now a standard requirement for successful people and businesses. But before he does that, Morville looks back at the history of wayfinding and human evolution, suggesting that our fear of being lost has driven us to create maps, charts, and now, the mobile Internet.</p> <p> The book's central thesis is that information literacy, information architecture, and usability are all critical components of this new world order. Hand in hand with that is the contention that only by planning and designing the best possible software, devices, and Internet, will we be able to maintain this connectivity in the future. Morville's book is highlighted with full color illustrations and rich examples that bring his prose to life.</p> <p> <i>Ambient Findability</i> doesn't preach or pretend to know all the answers. Instead, it presents research, stories, and examples in support of its novel ideas. Are we truly at a critical point in our evolution where the quality of our digital networks will dictate how we behave as a species? Is findability indeed the primary key to a successful global marketplace in the 21st century and beyond. Peter Morville takes you on a thought-provoking tour of these memes and more -- ideas that will not only fascinate but will stir your creativity in practical ways that you can apply to your work immediately.</p> <p> <i>"A lively, enjoyable and informative tour of a topic that's only going to become more important."</i><br> --David Weinberger, Author, <i>Small Pieces Loosely Joined</i> and <i>The Cluetrain Manifesto</i></br></p> <p> <i>"I envy the young scholar who finds this inventive book, by whatever strange means are necessary. The future isn't just unwritten--it's unsearched."</i><br> --Bruce Sterling, Writer, Futurist, and Co-Founder, The Electronic Frontier Foundation</br></p> <p> <i>"Search engine marketing is the hottest thing in Internet business, and deservedly so. Ambient Findability puts SEM into a broader context and provides deeper insights into human behavior. This book will help you grow your online business in a world where being found is not at all certain."</i><br> --Jakob Nielsen, Ph.D., Author, <i>Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity</i></br></p> <p> <i>"Information that's hard to find will remain information that's hardly found--from one of the fathers of the discipline of information architecture, and one of its most experienced practitioners, come penetrating observations on why findability is elusive and how the act of seeking changes us."</i><br> --Steve Papa, Founder and Chairman, Endeca</br></p> <p> <i>"Whether it's a fact or a figure, a person or a place, Peter Morville knows how to make it findable. Morville explores the possibilities of a world where everything can always be found--and the challenges in getting there--in this wide-ranging, thought-provoking book."</i><br> --Jesse James Garrett, Author, <i>The Elements of User Experience</i></br></p> <p> <i>"It is easy to assume that current searching of the World Wide Web is the last word in finding and using information. Peter Morville shows us that search engines are just the beginning. Skillfully weaving together information science research with his own extensive experience, he develops for the reader a feeling for the near future when information is truly findable all around us. There are immense implications, and Morville's lively and humorous writing brings them home."</i><br> --Marcia J. Bates, Ph.D., University of California Los Angeles</br></p> <p> <i>"I've always known that Peter Morville was smart. After reading Ambient Findability, I now know he's (as we say in Boston) wicked smart. This is a timely book that will have lasting effects on how we create our future.</i><br> --Jared Spool, Founding Principal, User Interface Engineering</br></p> <p> <i>"In Ambient Findability, Peter Morville has put his mind and keyboard on the pulse of the electronic noosphere. With tangible examples and lively writing, he lays out the challenges and wonders of finding our way in cyberspace, and explains the mutually dependent evolution of our changing world and selves. This is a must read for everyone and a practical guide for designers."</i><br> --Gary Marchionini, Ph.D., University of North Carolina</br></p> <p> <i>"Find this book! Anyone interested in making information easier to find, or understanding how finding and being found is changing, will find this thoroughly researched, engagingly written, literate, insightful and very, very cool book well worth their time. Myriad examples from rich and varied domains and a valuable idea on nearly every page. Fun to read, too!</i><br> --Joseph Janes, Ph.D., Founder, Internet Public Library</br></p> Ambient Findability Peter Morville (26 September 2005) 2005-10-27T18:31:13-00:00 O'Reilly Media, Inc. classification information-seeking knowledge-management http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/200788 <i>(22 October 1999)</i><br /><br />Is this book sociology, anthropology, or taxonomy? <I>Sorting Things Out</I>, by communications theorists Geoffrey C. Bowker and Susan Leigh Star, covers a lot of conceptual ground in its effort to sort out exactly how and why we classify and categorize the things and concepts we encounter day to day. But the analysis doesn't stop there; the authors go on to explore what happens to our thinking as a result of our classifications. With great insight and precise academic language, they pick apart our information systems and language structures that lie deeper than the everyday categories we use. The authors focus first on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a widely used scheme used by health professionals worldwide, but also look at other health information systems, racial classifications used by South Africa during apartheid, and more.<p> Though it comes off as a bit too academic at times (by the end of the 20th century, most writers should be able to get the spelling of McDonald's restaurant right), the book has a clever charm that thoughtful readers will surely appreciate. A sly sense of humor sneaks into the writing, giving rise to the chapter title "The Kindness of Strangers," for example. After arguing that categorization is both strongly influenced by and a powerful reinforcer of ideology, it follows that revolutions (political or scientific) must change the way things are sorted in order to throw over the old system. Who knew that such simple, basic elements of thought could have such far-reaching consequences? Whether you ultimately place it with social science, linguistics, or (as the authors fear) fantasy, make sure you put <I>Sorting Things Out</I> in your reading pile. <I>--Rob Lightner</I> Sorting Things Out: Classification and Its Consequences (Inside Technology) Geoffrey Bowker Susan Star (22 October 1999) 2005-05-15T17:34:37-00:00 The MIT Press classification social-informatics http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/163214 <i>SIGCHI Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 1. (January 1996), pp. 66-69.</i><br /><br />In the July 1995 SIGCHI Bulletin, Deborah Barreau and Bonnie Nardi rightly point out that "every computer user spends enormous time and effort in filing and finding of electronic files, yet there has been very little research on the subject." To this end, Barreau and Nardi have investigated electronic filing and finding practices of the users of common desktop systems to determine "the factors affecting individual decisions to acquire, organize, maintain, and retrieve information." While we applaud their efforts to study the most basic aspects of user/computer interaction, we believe they draw the wrong conclusions from their own research. Our goal in this paper is to explain why. From two studies, with a total of 22 subjects (four DOS users, one Windows 3.1 user, one OS/2 user and 16 Macintosh users), they noted the following similarities among all the users: 1. A preference for location-based search for finding files (in contrast to logical, text-based search); 2. The use of file placement as a critical reminding function; 3. The use of three types of information: ephemeral, working and archived; 4. The "lack of importance" of archiving files; and further conclude that these similarities represent fundamental user practices and preferences that are independent of operating system and level of experience. We believe that conclusion three gives us a useful categorization of the user's information space and previous studies have reported consistent findings [6]. Conclusions one, two and four however, are artifacts of the narrow scope of the systems studied rather than general statements of the way users acquire, organize, maintain and retrieve information. Both studies focus on the common desktop metaphor which favors certain types of interaction over others. In this light, the reported patterns are unsurprising because the user interfaces for the Macintosh, Windows and OS/2 platforms are close relatives.(1) We believe we are doing more than commenting on three minor points of their work; rather we are suggesting a more fundamental problem with their analysis that is analogous to concluding that radio listeners of the 1920s preferred headphones for listening, despite the fact that radios with speakers had not yet been invented. Or studying stereo owners of the 1950s and concluding that there was "a lack of importance" of high-fidelity systems because the vast majority of people listened to poor-fidelity record players. Today, we know that people prefer high-fidelity. We believe future research should broaden the scope of analysis and consider not just current practice but other possibilities. In this article we comment briefly on Barreau and Nardi's analysis, pointing out where and why we think they have drawn the wrong conclusions. We then mention a few systems that use different non-desktop interaction metaphors that should be included in future studies of this type. "Finding and Reminding" Reconsidered Scott Fertig Eric Freeman David Gelernter doi:10.1145/249170.249187 SIGCHI Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 1. (January 1996), pp. 66-69. 2005-04-17T23:22:14-00:00 SIGCHI Bulletin 0736-6906 28 1 66 69 ACM Press classification pim http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/102213 <i>Plos Med, Vol. 1, No. 2. (November 2004)</i> A Free Community Approach to Classifying Disease. Manuel B Graeber James Lowe Bishan Radotra doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0010016 Plos Med, Vol. 1, No. 2. (November 2004) 2005-02-23T23:01:04-00:00 Plos Med 1549-1277 1 2 classification collaboration http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/100303 <i>(2002), pp. 161-179.</i> What doesn't fit: the "residual category" as analytic resource Eevi Beck (2002), pp. 161-179. 2005-02-22T17:11:11-00:00 161 179 MIT Press classification http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/37893 <i>Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Vol. 36, No. 4. (August 2003), pp. 326-333.</i> Controlled vocabularies for consumer health RD Zielstorff doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2003.09.015 Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Vol. 36, No. 4. (August 2003), pp. 326-333. 2004-12-28T17:06:34-00:00 Journal of Biomedical Informatics 1532-0464 36 4 326 333 Elsevier Science classification medicine http://www.citeulike.org/user/rabourn/article/37900 <i>Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Vol. 36, No. 4. (August 2003), pp. 260-270.</i> Using nurses' natural language entries to build a concept-oriented terminology for patients' chief complaints in the emergency department DA Travers SW Haas doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2003.09.007 Journal of Biomedical Informatics, Vol. 36, No. 4. (August 2003), pp. 260-270. 2004-12-28T17:06:34-00:00 Journal of Biomedical Informatics 1532-0464 36 4 260 270 Elsevier Science classification information-seeking medical-informatics