Sun, 06 Jul 2008 02:39:06 BST CiteULike: randyt's pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/tag/pesticides CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2711128 <i>American journal of industrial medicine, Vol. Suppl 2 (August 2002), pp. 49-53.</i><br /><br />BACKGROUND: The Test-mate kit determines acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and hemoglobin content of a drop of blood, displaying enzyme activities normalized to 25 degrees C. Previous models produced inconsistent results at different temperatures. This report focuses on the current model, ChE 400, and two instruments of a previous OP model. METHODS: AChE activities were determined by the Ellman assay, using the three kits and a 96-well microplate reader. Temperatures ranged from 10 to 37 degrees C. Fetal bovine serum was the source of AChE. RESULTS: Normalized activities decreased below 20 degrees C in the ChE model and below 25 degrees C in the OP models. Activities of the same serum sample differed between the three Test-mate kits, ranging from 1.03 to 1.49 micromoles/min/ml. Percent errors were greater than with the microplate reader at all temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: Neither we nor the manufacturer recommend the current Test-mate model for fieldwork. Nevertheless, there have been field measurements with Test-Mate kits, and we recommend that an enzyme activity standard be run in parallel with their use. Cholinesterase measurements with an automated kit. GH Oliveira JD Henderson BW Wilson doi:10.1002/ajim.10105 American journal of industrial medicine, Vol. Suppl 2 (August 2002), pp. 49-53. 2008-04-24T01:05:15-00:00 2002 American journal of industrial medicine 0271-3586 Suppl 2 49 53 pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2711122 <i>Military Medicine, Vol. 168, No. 4. (April 2003)</i> Field verification of Test-mate ChE Patterson Taylor Brian Lukey Connie Clark Robyn Lee Military Medicine, Vol. 168, No. 4. (April 2003) 2008-04-24T01:03:13-00:00 2003 Military Medicine 168 4 pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2711065 <i>Occupational Medicine, Vol. 54 (2004), pp. 69-75.</i> Organophosphate toxicity and occupational exposure R Kamanyire L Karalliedde Occupational Medicine, Vol. 54 (2004), pp. 69-75. 2008-04-24T00:07:32-00:00 2004 Occupational Medicine 54 69 75 pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2709666 <i>American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 42, No. S2. (9 August 2002), pp. 49-53.</i> Cholinesterase measurements with an automated kit Georgino American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Vol. 42, No. S2. (9 August 2002), pp. 49-53. 2008-04-23T17:59:23-00:00 2002 American Journal of Industrial Medicine 42 S2 49 53 pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2709659 <i>Occupational and environmental medicine, Vol. 52, No. 1. (January 1995), pp. 57-64.</i><br /><br />OBJECTIVES--To evaluate a spectrophotometric field kit (Test-Mate-OP) for repeatability and validity in comparison with reference laboratory methods and to model its anticipated sensitivity and specificity based on these findings. METHODS--76 farm workers between the age of 20 and 55, of whom 30 were pesticide applicators exposed to a range of organophosphates in the preceding 10 days, had blood taken for plasma cholinesterase (PCE) and erythrocyte cholinesterase (ECE) measurement by field kit or laboratory methods. Paired blinded duplicate samples were taken from subgroups in the sample to assess repeatability of laboratory and field kit methods. Field kits were also used to test venous blood in one subgroup. The variance obtained for the field kit tests was then applied to two hypothetical scenarios that used published action guidelines to model the kit's sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS--Repeatability for PCE was much poorer and for ECE slightly poorer than that of laboratory measures. A substantial upward bias for field kit ECE relative to laboratory measurements was found. Sensitivity of the kit to a 40% drop in PCE was 67%, whereas that for ECE was 89%. Specificity of the kit with no change in mean of the population was 100% for ECE and 91% for PCE. CONCLUSION--Field kit ECE estimation seems to be sufficiently repeatable for surveillance activities, whereas PCE does not. Repeatability of both tests seems to be too low for use in epidemiological dose-response investigations. Further research is indicated to characterise the upward bias in ECE estimation on the kit. Repeatability and validity of a field kit for estimation of cholinesterase in whole blood. L London ML Thompson S Sacks B Fuller OM Bachmann JE Myers Occupational and environmental medicine, Vol. 52, No. 1. (January 1995), pp. 57-64. 2008-04-23T17:54:57-00:00 1995 Occupational and environmental medicine 1351-0711 52 1 57 64 pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2702559 <i>American journal of public health, Vol. 84, No. 3. (March 1994), pp. 479-481.</i><br /><br />A semiquantitative tintometric field kit has been used in the developing world for almost 30 years to measure whole blood cholinesterase levels in persons exposed to organophosphate pesticides. The validity of this screening kit was evaluated among 79 workers heavily exposed to organophosphates by comparison with a reference assay for erythrocyte cholinesterase. Overall correlation between the two methods was good. However, either sensitivity or specificity of the tintometric kit was less than 75% for each of the three tintometric categories commonly used to define the limit of normal. Because baseline erythrocyte cholinesterase levels were not available for this population, the true sensitivity and specificity of the tintometric assay may be even lower. Screening for insecticide overexposure under field conditions: a reevaluation of the tintometric cholinesterase kit. R McConnell R Magnotti American journal of public health, Vol. 84, No. 3. (March 1994), pp. 479-481. 2008-04-22T17:12:33-00:00 1994 American journal of public health 0090-0036 84 3 479 481 pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2702553 <i>American journal of public health, Vol. 84, No. 3. (March 1994), pp. 446-451.</i><br /><br />OBJECTIVES. We conducted a clinic-based study of erythrocyte cholinesterase levels, pesticide exposures, and health effects among farmworkers and nonfarmworkers to determine risks for exposure and associated morbidity. METHODS. Two hundred two farmworkers and 42 nonfarmworkers were recruited sequentially at two community health centers. Erythrocyte cholinesterase levels were measured colorimetrically. Questionnaires obtained data on demographics, occupational history, exposures, and symptoms. RESULTS. Cholinesterase levels were significantly lower among farmworkers (30.28 U/g hemoglobin) than among nonfarmworkers (32.3 U/g hemoglobin). Twelve percent of farmworkers, but no nonfarmworkers, had very low levels. Farmworkers applying pesticides also had lower cholinesterase levels. One half of farmworkers reported being sprayed by pesticides and working in fields with an obvious chemical smell. Of reported symptoms, only diarrhea was associated with cholinesterase levels. Reported exposures, however, were strongly associated with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS. Farmworkers reported many pesticide exposures that violate state and federal regulations. Farmworkers had cholinesterase levels significantly lower than those of nonfarmworkers, although only spraying pesticides was associated with very low levels. Pesticide exposures, cholinesterase depression, and symptoms among North Carolina migrant farmworkers. S Ciesielski DP Loomis SR Mims A Auer American journal of public health, Vol. 84, No. 3. (March 1994), pp. 446-451. 2008-04-22T17:10:35-00:00 1994 American journal of public health 0090-0036 84 3 446 451 pesticides http://www.citeulike.org/user/randyt/article/2685980 <i>5.</i> Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings 5. 2008-04-18T02:57:31-00:00 5 EPA Office of Pesticide Programs pesticides