CiteULike: ricmilne's library [503 articles] http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2788566 <i>Plant Science, Vol. 174, No. 4. (April 2008), pp. 409-419.</i><br /><br />Maize (Zea mays), the world's third most important cereal crop, was the first plant developed into a commercial platform for molecular pharming in the field. Although there are now many different plant-based platforms, including leafy crops, fruit and vegetable crops, other cereals, aquatic plants, algae and systems based on plant viruses and cultured plant cells, maize still demonstrates the unique combination of advantages that made it the first choice for many researchers. In this review, we look at the drivers for using maize as a platform for large-scale production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins. As well as discussing the technical merits and limitations of the species, we explore the regulatory burden that plant-made pharmaceuticals carry, and use scientific data to expose the misconceptions surrounding the perceived [`]risks' of using maize as a pharmaceutical crop. Maize plants: An ideal production platform for effective and safe molecular pharming Koreen Ramessar Maite Sabalza Teresa Capell Paul Christou doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2008.02.002 Plant Science, Vol. 174, No. 4. (April 2008), pp. 409-419. 2008-05-12T10:34:04-00:00 Plant Science 174 4 409 419 cereal food maize pharmaplanta pharming http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2788501 <i>Phytochemistry Reviews</i><br /><br />Abstract  There are many different agricultural expression systems that can be used for the large-scale production of recombinant proteins, but field-grown cereal crops are among the most attractive because recombinant proteins can be targeted to accumulate in the seed, and specifically in the endosperm, which has evolved naturally as a protein storage tissue. Within the developing endosperm, proteins are supplied with molecular chaperones and disulfide isomerases to facilitate folding and assembly, while the mature tissue is desiccated to prevent proteolytic degradation. Proteins expressed in cereal seeds can therefore remain stable for years in ambient conditions. Recent basic research has revealed a surprising diversity of protein targeting mechanisms in the endosperm, which can help to control post-translational modification and accumulation. Applied research and commercial development has seen several pharmaceutical proteins produced in cereals reach late stage preclinical development and the first clinical trials, with a number of companies now dedicated to developing cereal-based production platforms. In this review we discuss the basic science of molecular pharming in cereals, some of the lead product candidates, and challenges that remain to be addressed including the emerging regulatory framework for plant-made pharmaceuticals. Molecular pharming in cereal crops Koreen Ramessar Teresa Capell Paul Christou doi:10.1007/s11101-008-9087-3 Phytochemistry Reviews 2008-05-12T10:33:36-00:00 Phytochemistry Reviews cereal food maize pharmaplanta http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2770880 <i>Science Technology Human Values, Vol. 32, No. 1. (1 January 2007), pp. 26-64.</i><br /><br />When intense public controversy erupted around agricultural biotechnology in the late 1990s, critics found opportunities to challenge risk assessment criteria and test methods for genetically modified (GM) products. In relation to GM food, they criticized the concept of substantial equivalence, which European Union and United States regulators had adopted as the basis for a harmonized, science-based approach to risk assessment. Competing policy agendas framed scientific uncertainty in different ways. Substantial equivalence was contested and eventually recast to accommodate some criticisms. To explain how the concept changed, this article links two analytical perspectives. Regulatory-science perspectives illuminate how the scientification of politics and politicization of science led to shifts in the boundary between science and policy. Governance perspectives illuminate how the collective problem for policy was redefined to provide a new common ground for some stakeholders. Overall, substantial equivalence was recast to govern the social conflict and address legitimacy problems of regulatory procedures. 10.1177/0162243906293885 Recasting "Substantial Equivalence":Transatlantic Governance of GM Food Les Levidow Joseph Murphy Susan Carr doi:10.1177/0162243906293885 Science Technology Human Values, Vol. 32, No. 1. (1 January 2007), pp. 26-64. 2008-05-08T11:33:59-00:00 Science Technology Human Values 32 1 26 64 equivalence gm governance regulation regulatory_science substantial http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2770639 <i>Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 25, No. 2. (February 2007), pp. 74-82.</i><br /><br />Recent increases in EU commercial and academic activities in molecular farming, and the proximity to market-stage of the first plant-made pharmaceuticals, represent a call to action for EU regulators. Drawing on the North American debate on molecular farming, it will be argued that both the rationale and the risks of molecular farming will differ significantly from those of first generation GM crops. Based on these differences, the suitability of the existing regulatory frameworks, which were developed in response to the arrival of earlier products, is discussed, and specific options for adapting the already complex EU regulatory system to cater for molecular farming are examined. Molecular farming on the rise - GMO regulators still walking a tightrope Armin Spök doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2006.12.003 Trends in Biotechnology, Vol. 25, No. 2. (February 2007), pp. 74-82. 2008-05-08T10:52:23-00:00 Trends in Biotechnology 25 2 74 82 eu gm molecular_farming regulation http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2770420 <i>New Genetics and Society, Vol. 27, No. 1. (2008), pp. 69-82.</i><br /><br />Research has shown that the adoption and integration of new technologies in professional environments and daily lives depend less on their objective characteristics and real performance than on representations and hopes built into those technologies. This paper will focus on DNA technology and the meanings and expectations invested into it by actors who participated in the debate surrounding two bills on DNA identification in Canada. Through this process, we will uncover the symbolic conditions that allowed for the introduction of the National DNA Databank as a crime-fighting tool: first, the minimization of the power of the substance and the idealization of the DNA databank potentialities; second, the scientification and professionalization of the police through DNA; and third, the reconciliation of Canada's two identities, that of the criminal justice innovator and human rights defender. Those are some of the key symbolic elements that made the creation and expansion of the DNA databank possible. The social uses of DNA in the political realm or how politics constructs DNA technology in the fight against crime Dominique Robert Martin Dufresne doi:10.1080/14636770701843675 New Genetics and Society, Vol. 27, No. 1. (2008), pp. 69-82. 2008-05-08T09:19:40-00:00 New Genetics and Society 27 1 69 82 Routledge crime dna ndnad representation symbolic http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2520222 <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 10. (11 March 2008), pp. 3727-3732.</i><br /><br />A series of small-molecule microbicides has been developed for vaginal delivery to prevent heterosexual HIV transmission, but results from human clinical trials have been disappointing. Protein-based microbicides, such as HIV-specific monoclonal antibodies, have been considered as an alternative approach. Despite their promising safety profile and efficacy, the major drawback of such molecules is the economy of large-scale production in mammalian cells, the current system of choice. Here, we show that an alternative biomanufacturing platform is now available for one of the most promising anti-HIV antibodies (2G12). Our data show that the HIV-neutralization capability of the antibody is equal to or superior to that of the same antibody produced in CHO cells. We conclude that this protein production system may provide a means to achieve microbicide ingredient manufacture at costs that would allow product introduction and manufacture in the developing world. 10.1073/pnas.0708841104 Cost-effective production of a vaginal protein microbicide to prevent HIV transmission Koreen Ramessar Thomas Rademacher Markus Sack Johannes Stadlmann Dimitris Platis Gabriela Stiegler Nikos Labrou Fritz Altmann Julian Ma Eva Stoger Teresa Capell Paul Christou doi:10.1073/pnas.0708841104 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, No. 10. (11 March 2008), pp. 3727-3732. 2008-03-12T13:17:40-00:00 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105 10 3727 3732 hiv microbicide molecular_farming pharmaplanta pharming http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2742541 <i>Environment and Planning A, Vol. 38, No. 3. (2006), pp. 465-481.</i> Material connectivity, the immaterial and the aesthetic of eating practices: an argument for how genetically modified foodstuff becomes inedible EJ Roe Environment and Planning A, Vol. 38, No. 3. (2006), pp. 465-481. 2008-05-01T12:14:54-00:00 Environment and Planning A 38 3 465 481 becoming edible embodied food material http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/1425558 <i>Area, Vol. 39, No. 2. (June 2007), pp. 139-142.</i> Geographies of nano-technoscience B Anderson M Kearnes R Doubleday doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2007.00748.x Area, Vol. 39, No. 2. (June 2007), pp. 139-142. 2007-06-30T19:07:51-00:00 Area 0004-0894 39 2 139 142 Blackwell Publishing geography nanotech technoscience http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2737393 <i>Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 24, No. 3. (1999), pp. 261-276.</i><br /><br />This paper explores the possibility that there may be commonalities between physical geography and human geography in emerging ways of conceptualizing space, time and space-time. It argues that one of the things holding physical and human geography apart for so long has been their relationship to physics as an assumed model of 'science'. It is proposed here that not only is this an inadequate model of science but that it has led us astray in our inherited conceptualizations of both time and space. The urge to think 'historically' is now evident in both physical and human geography. The paper argues that this both forms the basis for a possible conversation and also obliges us to rethink our notions of space/space-time. Space-Time, 'Science' and the Relationship between Physical Geography and Human Geography Doreen Massey doi:10.1111/j.0020-2754.1999.00261.x Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol. 24, No. 3. (1999), pp. 261-276. 2008-04-30T09:38:15-00:00 Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 24 3 261 276 science space temporality time http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2737391 <i></i> Governing at the Nanoscale M Kearnes P Macnaghten J Wilsdon 2008-04-30T09:37:44-00:00 governance nanotech http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2737326 <i>Regenerative Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 1. (2007), pp. 75-89.</i> Stem cell science in India: emerging economies and the politics of globalization B Salter M Cooper A Dickins V Cardo doi:10.2217/17460751.2.1.75 Regenerative Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 1. (2007), pp. 75-89. 2008-04-30T09:14:05-00:00 Regenerative Medicine 2 1 75 89 china globalisation india stemcells http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2736734 <i>Social science & medicine (1982), Vol. 35, No. 12. (December 1992), pp. 1469-1476.</i><br /><br />Advocates of projects to map the human genome claim that the information produced will illuminate the causes of human disease, improve treatment and, in general, increase our health and well-being. While concerns about the costs of mapping and the possible discriminatory and eugenic applications of the information it will provide have received some attention, assumptions implicit in the biomedical discourse in which its 'benefits' are proposed and which are shaping definitions of illness and health, normality and abnormality, have not yet been adequately analyzed. This paper examines how the genetic stories about mapping and its potential products being told in the biomedical (and popular) literature continue a tradition of reductionism and determinism. This new 'cartography', by adopting the blueprint as a metaphor for genes, leads to restricted conceptions of health and illness, reinforces inequities in the distribution of health and, by privatizing and individualizing responsibility for health, creates and legitimizes a new arena for social control. Led (astray) by genetic maps: the cartography of the human genome and health care. A Lippman Social science & medicine (1982), Vol. 35, No. 12. (December 1992), pp. 1469-1476. 2008-04-30T08:33:17-00:00 Social science & medicine (1982) 0277-9536 35 12 1469 1476 geneticisation map metaphor http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2736728 <i>Health & Place, Vol. 9, No. 2. (June 2003), pp. 151-161.</i><br /><br />Genetics has become the pre-eminent interpretation of the body and health and illness. This paper engages with a central technique and metaphor of the new genetics--gene mapping. Through an exploration of the process of gene mapping, the paper argues that the genetic material of the body is spatialised and transformed into a knowable and manipulable entity. Three interpretations of this spatial transformation of the body's materiality are discussed, in turn drawing on Foucault's notion of the construction of medical knowledge, the deconstruction of geographical maps and Haraway's [`]fetishised' conception of the gene map. The paper concludes by considering contestations to this dominant discourse, and begins to construct an alternative spatialisation of the body that attempts to [`]place' the gene more appropriately in a socially-embedded body and health. Reading maps of the genes: interpreting the spatiality of genetic knowledge Edward Hall doi:10.1016/S1353-8292(03)00003-0 Health & Place, Vol. 9, No. 2. (June 2003), pp. 151-161. 2008-04-30T08:29:13-00:00 Health & Place 9 2 151 161 genetics genome spatiality http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2730336 <i>The British Journal of Occupational Therapy (November 2004), pp. 495-500.</i><br /><br />The processes of searching for literature and appraising evidence critically are well documented. Yet effective ways to report literature reviews, either as pieces of research in their own right or as part of primary research reports, are less easily found. Reviews are often criticised for their lack of coherent construction, of synthesis of key themes and of well argued analysis. More importantly though, reviews are often the Cinderella of research, being less valued than primary research, or dull preludes to research reports. This article considers the structure and content of a good literature review and calls for a new injection of enthusiasm to reflect the fascination of finding ideas, engaging with others' research and building new theories from the assembled evidence. Publishing a review demands art as well as skill to help readers to make sense of a particular world of evidence and make them want to go and find out more for themselves. The article suggests ways to write better reviews and encourages the writing of more papers based on reviews. Writing a Literature Review Barbara Steward The British Journal of Occupational Therapy (November 2004), pp. 495-500. 2008-04-28T15:40:31-00:00 The British Journal of Occupational Therapy 0308-0226 495 500 College of Occupational Therapists review writing http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2717641 <i>(21 December 2007)</i><br /><br /><div>This interdisciplinary work brings the humanities and social sciences into dialogue by examining issues such as globalized capital, discourses of antiterrorism, and identity politics. Essayists from the fields of postcolonial studies and globalization theory address the ethical and pragmatic ramifications of opposing interpretations of these issues and, for the first time, seek common ground. <br><br>  <br><br> Contributors: Pal Ahluwalia, U of California, San Diego; Arjun Appadurai, New School U; Geoffrey Bowker, Santa Clara U; Timothy Brennan, U of Minnesota; Ruth Buchanan, U of British Columbia; Verity Burgmann, U of Melbourne; Pheng Cheah, U of California, Berkeley; Inderpal Grewal, U of California, Irvine; Ramon Grosfoguel, U of California, Berkeley; Barbara Harlow, U of Texas, Austin; Anouar Majid, U of New England; John McMurtry, U of Guelph; Walter D. Mignolo, Duke U; Sundhya Pahuja, U of Melbourne; R. Radhakrishnan, U of California, Irvine; Ileana Rodriguez, Ohio State U; E. San Juan, Philippine Forum, New York; Saskia Sassen, U of Chicago; Ella Shohat, New York U; Leslie Sklair, London School of Economics; Robert Stam, New York U; Madina Tlostanova, Russian Peoples’ Friendship U; Harish Trivedi, U of Delhi.<br><br>  <br><br> Revathi Krishnaswamy is associate professor of English at San Jose State University. <br><br>  <br><br> John C. Hawley is professor and chair of English at Santa Clara University. <br><br></div> The Postcolonial and the Global (21 December 2007) 2008-04-25T12:37:45-00:00 Univ Of Minnesota Press bowker technoscience http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/497387 <i>Political Geography, Vol. 23, No. 2. (February 2004), pp. 133-167.</i><br /><br />Over the last decade a number of human geographers have advocated relational perspectives on place. These perspectives are currently influential within and beyond geography. In this essay they are subjected to a constructive critique. Three shibboleths of place are identified and scrutinised. Taking the writings of Michael Watts, Doreen Massey and David Harvey as a focus, it is argued that these shibboleths possess important but nonetheless limited value as explanatory and normative tools. Working within the broad parameters of a relational worldview, the essay proposes a more nuanced approach to place than that offered by Watts, Massey and Harvey. The second half of the essay explores this approach in relation to debates about the global indigenous peoples movement. For some indigenous groups, the right to ‘differential geographies’ is synonymous with the right to erect new border controls around places. This is controversial, not least because non-indigenous groups--locally and translocally--can lay equal claim to occupancy of, or at least a stake in, those places. Rather than criticising such arguments for the geographical apartheid that seemingly underpins them, I argue for a more subtle reading of ‘strong’ indigenous claims to territory, cultural artefacts and informational resources. The result is a plea for left-leaning critics to deploy more supple understandings of place that can accommodate the complexities of variegated real world place-projects. Differential geographies: place, indigenous rights and ‘local’ resources Noel Castree doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2003.09.010 Political Geography, Vol. 23, No. 2. (February 2004), pp. 133-167. 2006-02-07T22:50:10-00:00 Political Geography 23 2 133 167 global imaginaries local place http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2717410 <i>Nat Rev Genet, Vol. 2, No. 7. (July 2001), pp. 555-559.</i> Molecular metaphors: the gene in popular discourse Dorothy Nelkin doi:10.1038/35080583 Nat Rev Genet, Vol. 2, No. 7. (July 2001), pp. 555-559. 2008-04-25T11:15:24-00:00 Nat Rev Genet 2 7 555 559 genetics mapping metaphor http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2717352 <i>Science Technology Human Values, Vol. 29, No. 2. (1 April 2004), pp. 242-261.</i><br /><br />The authoranalyzes the types of metaphors that are used to describe the Internetin issues of Wired magazine from before and after the dot-com collapse to understand the perceptions and expectations of some of the actors involved in the shaping of the Internet. In addition, the metaphors deployed in economics and geophysiology are used to demonstrate how metaphors can influence public debate, policy, and theory. The author argues that metaphors do not simply have a descriptive function but that they also carry normative connotations. Language, alongside social practices and material objects, is an important tool in attempts to construct the future. Six overlapping metaphorical themes are identified: revolution, evolution, salvation, progress, universalism, and the "American dream." A critical analysis of these metaphors, informed by a critique of the metaphors used in economics and geophysiology, leads the author to challenge the universalist claims made by some Internet enthusiasts for the inclusive potential of the Internet. 10.1177/0162243903261947 Danger! Metaphors at Work in Economics, Geophysiology, and the Internet Sally Wyatt doi:10.1177/0162243903261947 Science Technology Human Values, Vol. 29, No. 2. (1 April 2004), pp. 242-261. 2008-04-25T10:46:42-00:00 Science Technology Human Values 29 2 242 261 internet metaphors wired http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2717306 <i>Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 61, No. 3. (August 2005), pp. 731-740.</i><br /><br />Controversies about biotechnologies often centre not so much on present scientific facts as on speculations about risks and benefits in the future. It is this key futuristic element in these arguments that is the focus of this article. We examine how competing visions of utopia or dystopia are defended through the use of diverse vocabularies, metaphors, associations and appeals to authority. Our case study explores how these rhetorical processes play out in the debate about embryo stem cell research in UK national press and TV news media. The findings show how predictions from those in favour of embryo stem cell research are supported by both hype and by anti-hype, by inconsistent appeals to the technologies' innovative status and by the selective deconstruction of concepts such as [`]potential' and [`]hope'. The debate also mobilises binary oppositions around reason versus emotion, science versus religion and fact versus fiction. This article highlights how traditional assertions of expertise are now combined with ideas about compassion and respect for democracy and diversity. It also highlights the fact that although news reporters are often responding to topical events the real focus is often on years, even decades ahead. Close attention to how images of the future are constructed, and the evolution of new strategies for legitimation are, we suggest, important areas of on-going research, particularly in discussions of scientific and medical developments and policy. Forecasting science futures: Legitimising hope and calming fears in the embryo stem cell debate Jenny Kitzinger Clare Williams doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.03.018 Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 61, No. 3. (August 2005), pp. 731-740. 2008-04-25T10:26:22-00:00 Social Science & Medicine 61 3 731 740 cardiff expectations futures stemcells http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2717294 <i>The Professional Geographer, Vol. 32, No. 2. (1980), pp. 127-132.</i><br /><br />Although acts of creation, scientific or artistic, result from metaphorical and mythological speculations, the role of metaphor and myth has largely been neglected in attempts to develop a geographical epistemology. The significance of these concepts is illustrated by the use of the frontier symbol as a means of understanding both the social structure of the contemporary black inner city and the temporal dimension of the recent expansion of human activities into nighttime. THE FRONTIER: METAPHOR, MYTH, AND MODEL DN Livingstone RT Harrison doi:10.1111/j.0033-0124.1980.00127.x The Professional Geographer, Vol. 32, No. 2. (1980), pp. 127-132. 2008-04-25T10:20:40-00:00 The Professional Geographer 32 2 127 132 frontier metaphor http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2717118 <i>Science, Vol. 320, No. 5875. (25 April 2008), pp. 473-475.</i><br /><br />10.1126/science.320.5875.473 Is the Drought Over for Pharming? Jocelyn Kaiser doi:10.1126/science.320.5875.473 Science, Vol. 320, No. 5875. (25 April 2008), pp. 473-475. 2008-04-25T09:14:45-00:00 Science 320 5875 473 475 molecular_farming pharming science http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2702534 <i>Sociologia Ruralis, Vol. 42, No. 4. (2002), pp. 271-277.</i> Rethinking Food Production-Consumption: Integrative Perspectives David Goodman doi:10.1111/1467-9523.00216 Sociologia Ruralis, Vol. 42, No. 4. (2002), pp. 271-277. 2008-04-22T16:03:47-00:00 Sociologia Ruralis 42 4 271 277 ant consumption political-economy production http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2702498 <i>Sociologia Ruralis (January 2000), pp. 3-19.</i><br /><br />The term agri-food research has become a convenient shorthand term to describe anexpansion of sociological interest over the last 20 or so years in the relationships between agricultural production and: increasingly industrialized networks of food production, processing, distribution and retailing; the development of transnationalized modes of regulation and governance; environmental discourse, policy and social movements; and competing understandings and uses of `rural' space. This paper critically reviews two theoretical approaches that have challenged the dominant theoretical trends that have underpinned this reorientation of the `rural' social research agenda actor-network theory and vertical analysis. It is argued that applications of both approaches have frequently failed to transcend the very shortcomings they identify in agri-food studies, and suggestions are made as to how production-consumption relationships may be more adequately theorized and investigated. Beyond the Farm Gate: Production-Consumption Networks and Agri-Food Research Stewart Lockie Simon Kitto doi:10.1111/1467-9523.00128 Sociologia Ruralis (January 2000), pp. 3-19. 2008-04-22T15:56:32-00:00 Sociologia Ruralis 0038-0199 3 19 Blackwell Publishing ant consumption geography political-economy production http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2702465 <i>Health (London), Vol. 10, No. 4. (1 October 2006), pp. 461-479.</i><br /><br />This article explores the formation of health identities': embodied subjectivities that emerge out of complex psychosocial contexts of reflexive modernity, in relation to data on health and illness practices among groups of people and patients using medical technologies including weight-loss drugs and the erectile dysfunction drug sildenafil (Viagra). We examine a range of health identities, from the expert patient' - a person who broadly adopts a biomedical model of health and illness, to a resisting consumer', who fabricates a health identity around lay experiential models of health and the body. The understanding of health identities is developed within a theoretical framework drawing on previous work on body/self and the work of Deleuze and Guattari. It is concluded that the constellation of health identities reflects the diversity of relations in an industrialized, technology-driven, consumer-oriented and media-saturated society. 10.1177/1363459306067314 Health identities: from expert patient to resisting consumer Nick Fox Katie Ward doi:10.1177/1363459306067314 Health (London), Vol. 10, No. 4. (1 October 2006), pp. 461-479. 2008-04-22T15:35:35-00:00 Health (London) 10 4 461 479 consumer consumption health identity medicine http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2682171 <i>Culture, Theory and Critique, Vol. 49, No. 1. (2008), pp. 93-110.</i><br /><br />This paper argues that central to the formation and orientation of politicised academic subjects is the notion of intervention. It examines the prevailing conceptions of intervention in the case of cultural studies, and argues that these prevailing notions of how academics and intellectuals can intervene politically rely on broadly Gramscian and post-Marxist theories. However, it argues that the way these theories have been <span class="roman">assumed</span> has led to a rather under-theorised faith in the political value of ‘critique’. It proposes that this under-examined faith in the political power of critique is under-theoretical, broadly metaphysical, subject-centred and a regression from poststructuralist-informed theories of the political. By revisiting the implications of post-structuralist theories for academic work <span class="roman">vis-à-vis</span> intervention, the paper proposes that what is required is more thoroughgoing attention to the place and character of <span class="roman">disciplinarity</span> in the pragmatic mechanics of culture and society’s discourses and hegemonies. It argues that the conditions of possibility for intervention are indissociable from the institutional and disciplinary character of (post)modernity. In other words, it argues, the academic ‘condition’ is one of unavoidably heterogeneous language games in a web of disciplinary differences, and in the face of (the constitutive character of) disciplinarity and disciplinary difference, what has arisen is <span class="roman">disciplinary enclaving, mutual unintelligibility</span> and <span class="roman">disarticulation.</span> In this situation, it often appears that the only possible form of ethical and political intervention is ‘critique’ – either within one’s own discipline or ‘publicly’, journalistically. However, this paper argues that the interventional effectivity of any ‘critique’ is dubious at best. Instead it proposes a theory and practice of ‘alterdisciplinarity’. Grounded in post-structuralism and deconstructive discourse theory, alterdisciplinary practice is that which seeks to alter <span class="roman">other</span> disciplinary discourses and their productions (knowledges) not by critiquing them but by intervening into the disciplinary spaces of their production and legitimation. <blockquote><span class="roman">Against the urgency of people dying in the streets, what in God’s name is the point of cultural studies? (Stuart Hall)</span> </blockquote> Alterdisciplinarity Paul Bowman doi:10.1080/14735780802024281 Culture, Theory and Critique, Vol. 49, No. 1. (2008), pp. 93-110. 2008-04-17T14:28:54-00:00 Culture, Theory and Critique 49 1 93 110 Routledge critique interdisciplinarity purpose http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2677269 <i>Social Studies of Science, Vol. 38, No. 2. (1 April 2008), pp. 233-257.</i><br /><br />In recent years, governance and public participation have developed into key notions within both policy discourse and academic analysis. While there is much discussion on developing new modes of governance and public participation, little empirical attention is paid to the public's perception of models, possibilities and limits of participation and governance. Building on focus group data collected in Austria within the framework of a European project, this paper explores lay people's visions and versions of government, governance and participation for two biomedical technologies: post-natal genetic testing and organ transplantation. Building on this analysis, we show that people situate their assessments of public participation against the background of rather complex lay models of the governance and government of the respective technology. Because these models are very different for the two technologies, participation also had very different connotations, which were deeply intertwined with each socio-technical system. Building on these findings we argue for a more technology-sensitive approach to public participation. 10.1177/0306312707083489 Visions and Versions of Governing Biomedicine: Narratives on Power Structures, Decision-making and Public Participation in the Field of Biomedical Technology in the Austrian Context Ulrike Felt Maximilian Fochler Astrid Mager Peter Winkler doi:10.1177/0306312707083489 Social Studies of Science, Vol. 38, No. 2. (1 April 2008), pp. 233-257. 2008-04-16T09:16:10-00:00 Social Studies of Science 38 2 233 257 focus_groups governance public http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2677267 <i>Social Studies of Science, Vol. 38, No. 2. (1 April 2008), pp. 285-301.</i><br /><br />In spite of Bruno Latour's explicit critique of Martin Heidegger's conception of technology, he and Heidegger implicitly think very similarly. When looked at carefully, Latour's examination of technical mediation stands out as a detailed reflection of Heidegger's studies. In Pandora's Hope, Latour (1999) dedicates a whole essay to exposing Heidegger's misconception of technology. 1 However, at the end of this polemic, Latour in fact unfolds and actualizes Heidegger's argument. What Latour considers fictitious, antiquated and pessimistic in Heidegger's writings on technology comes alive in a different and more accessible way in his own writings. This profound and previously unrevealed relationship between Latour and Heidegger makes it possible to reinterprete the ideas of both in a way that has crucial importance for Science and Technology Studies (STS). In order to carry out this kind of comparative philosophy or `theoretical fieldwork', one has to pay close attention to their basic conceptions and not be led astray by different ways of naming them. 10.1177/0306312707081379 The Symmetry Between Bruno Latour and Martin Heidegger: The Technique of Turning a Police Officer into a Speed Bump Soren Riis doi:10.1177/0306312707081379 Social Studies of Science, Vol. 38, No. 2. (1 April 2008), pp. 285-301. 2008-04-16T09:15:41-00:00 Social Studies of Science 38 2 285 301 ant heidegger latour philosophy technology http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/1679709 <i>Nature, Vol. 449, No. 7160. (19 September 2007), pp. 274-276.</i> Biotechs go generic: The same but different Heidi Ledford doi:10.1038/449274a Nature, Vol. 449, No. 7160. (19 September 2007), pp. 274-276. 2007-09-20T16:50:36-00:00 Nature 0028-0836 449 7160 274 276 Nature Publishing Group biosimilar equivalence http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/1065475 <i>Eur J Hum Genet, Vol. 14, No. 6. (June 2006), pp. 660-668.</i><br /><br />The enormous public health importance of mood disorders, when considered alongside their substantial heritabilities, has stimulated much work, predominantly in bipolar disorder but increasingly in unipolar depression, aimed at identifying susceptibility genes using both positional and functional molecular genetic approaches. Several regions of interest have emerged in linkage studies and, recently, evidence implicating specific genes has been reported; the best supported include BDNF and DAOA but further replications are required and phenotypic relationships and biological mechanisms need investigation. The complexity of psychiatric phenotypes is demonstrated by (a) the evidence accumulating for an overlap in genetic susceptibility across the traditional classification systems that divide disorders into schizophrenia and mood disorders, and (b) evidence suggestive of gene-environment interactions. Genetics of affective (mood) disorders. N Craddock L Forty doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201549 Eur J Hum Genet, Vol. 14, No. 6. (June 2006), pp. 660-668. 2007-01-24T15:40:18-00:00 Eur J Hum Genet 1018-4813 14 6 660 668 genetics neuroscience http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/1397215 <i>Science, Vol. 284, No. 5420. (4 June 1999), pp. 1670-1672.</i><br /><br />10.1126/science.284.5420.1670 Genetics of Mouse Behavior: Interactions with Laboratory Environment John Crabbe Douglas Wahlsten Bruce Dudek doi:10.1126/science.284.5420.1670 Science, Vol. 284, No. 5420. (4 June 1999), pp. 1670-1672. 2007-06-18T15:35:09-00:00 Science 284 5420 1670 1672 environment genetics lab mouse neuroscience testing http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2570428 <i>Sociology, Vol. 29, No. 2. (1 May 1995), pp. 203-220.</i><br /><br />This paper is concerned with the relationship between sociology and nature or the environment. We briefly summarise the various ways in which historically `nature' has been conceptualised, including the connections between the `natural' and the `market'. We suggest that there are many `natures' and then proceed to develop an agenda for a sociology of such natures. This comprises four elements: a sociology of environmental knowledges; social variation in the reading of natures; a sociology of the diverse forms of environmental damage; and a more general examination of environmentalism and society. We conclude with an examination of the relations between culture and nature suggesting that changes in this relationship now demonstrates what has always been the case, namely, that nature is elaborately entangled and fundamentally bound up with the social and the cultural. As the social and the cultural are both rapidly changing provides deciphering that relationship immensely fruitful but complex areas for future sociological work. 10.1177/0038038595029002002 Towards a Sociology of Nature Phil Macnaghten John Urry doi:10.1177/0038038595029002002 Sociology, Vol. 29, No. 2. (1 May 1995), pp. 203-220. 2008-03-21T17:35:24-00:00 Sociology 29 2 203 220 nature sociology http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/984259 <i>Science as Culture, Vol. 15, No. 4. (December 2006), pp. 279-290.</i> Introduction: (Re)Imagining Nanotechnology Kearnes Matthew Macnaghten Phil doi:10.1080/09505430601022387 Science as Culture, Vol. 15, No. 4. (December 2006), pp. 279-290. 2006-12-08T08:12:08-00:00 Science as Culture 0950-5431 15 4 279 290 Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group nanotech nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2570426 <i>(21 May 1998)</i><br /><br />Demonstrating that all notions of nature are inextricably entangled in different forms of social life, the text elaborates the many ways in which the apparently natural world has been produced from within particular social practices. These are analyzed in terms of different senses, different times and the production of distinct spaces, including the local, the national and the global.</p> <p></p> <p>The authors emphasize the importance of cultural understandings of the physical world, highlighting the ways in which these have been routinely misunderstood by academic and policy discourses. They show that popular conceptions of, and attitudes to, nature are often contradictory and that there are no simple ways of prevailing upon people to `save the environment'. Contested Natures (Published in association with Theory, Culture & Society) Phil Macnaghten John Urry (21 May 1998) 2008-03-21T17:34:29-00:00 Sage Publications Ltd nature social http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2570420 <i>(18 December 2001)</i><br /><br />`Written with clarity and sophistication, it is not just an original argument about relationships of nature and culture, but also a useful text' - <b><i>Keith Tester, Professor of Sociology, University of Portsmouth</p> <p></b></i></p> <p>Is humanity and society separable from nature? Modern accounts emphasised the difference between humanity and nature and set up independent sciences for each domain, but was this separation ever properly achieved? This book contends that fabricated boundaries between nature and culture have been breached both in practice and in new theoretical accounts. </p> <p></p> <p>Throughout, Franklin develops upon his premise that nature and culture interpenetrate. The argument begins with a critical discussion of the Romantic idea of pure nature; of a nature unsullied by humanity, marginalized, fragile and in need of protection. The argument is developed by examining more recent discourses that identify nature with environment, and cast humans in the role of polluter and destroyer.</p> <p></p> <p>The author documents contemporary views about nature which suggest that humanity and nature have never been separate but have always co-existed. Humanity is not only more involved with non-human natures, but also seeks persistently to embed itself in the natural world through embodied, naturalised modes of engagement. This book reveals the staggering depth of this engagement in the ordinary spaces and everyday lives of contemporary societies.</p> <p></p> <p>Thorough and insightful, this book will be of use and interest to students of sociology, environmental studies and cultural studies.</p> <p><b><i> Nature and Social Theory Adrian Franklin (18 December 2001) 2008-03-21T17:30:28-00:00 Sage Publications Ltd nature public social http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/800995 <i>Social & Cultural Geography, Vol. 7, No. 4. (August 2006), pp. 505-523.</i> Posthuman geographies? Biotechnology, nature and the demise of the autonomous human subject Coyle Fiona doi:10.1080/14649360600825653 Social & Cultural Geography, Vol. 7, No. 4. (August 2006), pp. 505-523. 2006-08-14T15:45:23-00:00 Social & Cultural Geography 1464-9365 7 4 505 523 Routledge, part of the Taylor & Francis Group biotechnology genetics nature posthuman http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/237576 <i>Area, Vol. 37, No. 2. (June 2005), pp. 148-158.</i> Challenging a place myth: New Zealand's clean green image meets the biotechnology revolution Fiona Coyle John Fairweather doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2005.00617.x Area, Vol. 37, No. 2. (June 2005), pp. 148-158. 2005-06-25T11:49:29-00:00 Area 0004-0894 37 2 148 158 Blackwell Publishing biotechnolgy nz place http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2569355 <i>PLoS Genetics, Vol. 4, No. 1. (2008)</i> Application of Ancestry Informative Markers to Association Studies in European Americans. MF Seldin AL Price doi:doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0040005 PLoS Genetics, Vol. 4, No. 1. (2008) 2008-03-21T08:48:15-00:00 PLoS Genetics 4 1 ancestry gat genetics http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/1788056 <i>Science, Vol. 318, No. 5849. (19 October 2007), pp. 399-400.</i><br /><br />10.1126/science.1150098 GENETICS: The Science and Business of Genetic Ancestry Testing Deborah Bolnick Duana Fullwiley Troy Duster Richard Cooper Joan Fujimura Jonathan Kahn Jay Kaufman Jonathan Marks Ann Morning Alondra Nelson Pilar Ossorio Jenny Reardon Susan Reverby Kimberly Tallbear doi:10.1126/science.1150098 Science, Vol. 318, No. 5849. (19 October 2007), pp. 399-400. 2007-10-19T09:09:17-00:00 Science 318 5849 399 400 ancestry race http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2566128 <i>(21 October 2003)</i><br /><br />The <b>Second Edition</b> of <b>Medicine as Culture</b> provides a broad overview of the way medicine is experienced, perceived and socially constructed in western societies. Drawing on the tradition of the sociology of health and illness, Deborah Lupton directs readers to an understanding of medicine, health care, illness and disease from a sociocultural perspective. </p> <p></p> <p>At a time of increasing disillusionment with scientific medicine and the mythology of the beneficent, god-like physician, there is also - paradoxically - a growing dependence on biomedicine to provide the answers to social as well as medical problems. This book illuminates why attitudes to medicine are characterized by such strong paradoxes, and why issues of disease, illness and the medical encounter are surrounded by controversy, conflict, power struggles and emotion.</p> <p></p> <p>In this second edition, each chapter has been extensively updated to take account of recent research and theoretical developments. New material has been added on postmodernist theory; the male body; and the new genetics. As well as reviewing and critiquing the dominant theoretical approaches in the sociology of health and illness, <b>Medicine as Culture, Second Edition </b>also includes the following key topics:</p> <p></p> <p>· socio-cultural analysis of health, illness and medicine</p> <p>· elite and media representations of illness </p> <p>· the body in medicine</p> <p>· the language and visual imagery of medicine, illness and disease </p> <p>· and feminist perspectives </p> <p></p> <p>Integrating cultural studies, social history and contemporary theories of the body, <b>Medicine as Culture</b>, <b>Second Edition</b> will be essential reading for students and academics in the sociology of health and illness, the sociology of consumption and everyday life, medical anthropology, the history of medicine, health communication, women's studies, nursing studies and cultural studies. Medicine as Culture: Illness, Disease and the Body in Western Societies Deborah Lupton (21 October 2003) 2008-03-20T12:01:53-00:00 Sage Publications Ltd culture medicine public http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2566123 <i>Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 7, No. 2. (1 April 1998), pp. 113-133.</i><br /><br />'Where do we draw the line?' is a question that is frequently asked in discussions about the new genetics. In this paper we explore a range of lay people's accounts of drawing the line. We show that, beyond its rhetorical function, answering this question involves important discussions about genetic research, testing, regulation, and social provision for people who are sick or disabled. It raises difficult questions about clients' and service providers' autonomy and responsibility and about which human illnesses, conditions, and characteristics ought to be the subject of research and testing. In particular, we show how differences in the amount and type of information and advice available to clients of genetic testing, the level of social support to people with particular conditions, and people's perception of stigma, suffering, and quality of life, make drawing the line highly problematic. We end by discussing the implications of our analysis for policy making, considering how the ambiguities and tensions in lay accounts might enable, as opposed to stifle, greater democratization of the new genetics. Definition des limites : une analyse de discussions entre profanes concernant les nouvelles sciences genetiques Resume 'Ou fixons-nous les limites?' est une question qui est frequemment posee lors de discussions concernant les nouvelles sciences genetiques. Dans le present article, nous explorons un eventail de points de vue de profanes sur le sujet de la definition de limites. Nous montrons que , au-dela de sa fonction rethorique, la reponse a cette question passe par d'importantes discussions sur la recherche en genetique, sur l'experimentation, sur la reglementation, et sur les mesures sociales prevues pour les personnes malades ou handicapees. Des questions difficiles sont soulevees, telles l'autonomie et la responsabilite respective du client et du fournisseur de services, ou quelles maladies et characteristiques chez l'homme devraient constituer des themes de recherche et d'experimentation. En particulier, nous montrons comment des differences dans la quantite et dans le type d'information et de conseil dont disposent les clients faisant appel au depistage genetique, le niveau de soutien social pour les personnes ayant des maladies particulieres et la facon dont les individus percoivent stigmas, souffrance et qualite de vie, rendent la 'definition de limites' extremement problematique. Nous concluons en considerant les implications de notre analyse pour la genese de politiques, en examinant comment les ambiguites et tensions entre les points de vues de profanes pourraient promouvoir et non reprimer une meilleure democratisation des nouvelles sciences genetiques. 'Grenzen ziehen': eine Analyse von offentlichen Diskussionen ber die neue Genetikforschung Zusammenfassung 'Wo soll man die Grenzen ziehen?' ist eine Frage, die oft in Diskussionen ber die neue Genetikforschung gestellt wird. In der vorliegenden Arbeit untersuchen wir eine Reihe von Laienberichten ber das Thema 'Grenzen ziehen'. Wir zeigen auf, dabeta diese Frage ber eine blobetae rhetorische Funktion hinausreicht und wichtige Themen von Genetikforschung, Tests und Kontrolle bis zur sozialen Versorgung von kranken oder behinderten Menschen betrifft. Schwierige Fragen werden gestellt, zum Beispiel in Bezug auf die Autonomie und Verantwortung sowohl der Patienten als auch der Dienstleistenden, und weiterhin dar ber , welche menschlichen Krankheiten, Beschwerden und Veranlagungen erforscht und getestet werden sollten. Im Besonderen untersuchen wir, wie 'Grenzen zu ziehen' dadurch problematisch wird, dabeta es Unterschiede gibt im Ausmabeta und der Art von Informationen und Beratung, die den Benutzern von genetischen Tests zur Verf gung stehen; weiterhin, dabeta es Unterschiede gibt in Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Versorgung, die Personen mit bestimmten Beschwerden zur Verf gung stehen; schliebetalich, dabeta es Unterschiede gibt in Bezug auf die individuelle Wahrnehmung von Stigma, Leiden, und Lebensqualitat. Wir schliebetaen unsere Arbeit mit einer Diskussion der Bedeutung unserer Analyse f r Politk und Gesetzgebung ab und reflektieren dar ber, wie die Doppeldeutigkeiten und Spannungen in offentlichen Diskussionen die Demokratisierung der neuen Genetikforschung ermoglichen konnten anstatt sie zu behindern. Definir los l'mites. Un analisis de debates profanos acerca de las nuevas ciencias geneticas Resumen 'Donde ponemos los l'mites?' Es la pregunta que se hace a menudo en los debates acerca de las nuevas ciencias geneticas. En este documento examinamos una gama de informes de gente profana sobre definicion de l'mites. Demostramos que, mas alla de la funcion retorica, el contestar esta pregunta supone debates importantes acerca de la investigacion genetica, las pruebas y las reglas que implementa, y la prevision social para la gente enferma o incapacitada. Esto acarrea complicadas preguntas acerca de la autonom'a y responsabilidad de los clientes y de los servicios de prevision, dado que las enfermedades humanas, sus condiciones y caracter'sticas, deberan constituir el tema de investigaciones y pruebas. Demostramos particularmente que las diferencias en la cantidad y el tipo de informacion que se le proporciona al cliente de pruebas geneticas, en el nivel de amparo a la gente que lo precisa, en la percepcion que tiene la gente de la humiliacion, el sufrir, y la calidad de vida, dificultan considerablemente la 'definicion de los l'mites'. Conclumos cuestionando las implicaciones de nuestro analisis en la pol"tica para determinar, considerando cuanto las ambiguedades y tensiones en los informes de gente profana pueden promover y no denegar una mayor democratizacion de las nuevas ciencias geneticas. 10.1088/0963-6625/7/2/002 Drawing the line: An analysis of lay people's discussions about the new genetics Anne Kerr Sarah Cunningham-Burley Amanda Amos doi:10.1088/0963-6625/7/2/002 Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 7, No. 2. (1 April 1998), pp. 113-133. 2008-03-20T11:56:04-00:00 Public Understanding of Science 7 2 113 133 focus_ focus_groups genetics lay public pus qualitative http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/1607172 <i>Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 7, No. 1. (1 January 1998), pp. 41-60.</i><br /><br />Public understanding of the new genetics is often criticized in discussions about the social and ethical issues the new genetics raise. In this paper we challenge the 'deficit model' evident in this dominant discourse, and offer a constructivist approach. We explore lay expertise about the new genetics, presenting an analysis of data from ten focus group discussions with a range of lay people. After distinguishing four different types of knowledge lay people hold - technical, methodological, institutional, and cultural - we go on to consider how lay people's mobilization of this 'stock of knowledge' is influenced by social location and social context, exploring in particular interviewees' perceptions of relevancy. We conclude that identifying lay people as expert in, rather than ignorant of, the way genetics may shape their lives is a fundamental first step in moving toward greater lay participation in policy discussions and, ultimately, decision making about the new genetics and health. 10.1088/0963-6625/7/1/004 The new genetics and health: Mobilizing lay expertise Anne Kerr Sarah Cunningham-Burley Amanda Amos doi:10.1088/0963-6625/7/1/004 Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 7, No. 1. (1 January 1998), pp. 41-60. 2007-08-30T11:50:48-00:00 Public Understanding of Science 7 1 41 60 focus_groups genetics lay http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2566096 <i>Health (London), Vol. 8, No. 2. (1 April 2004), pp. 241-262.</i><br /><br />Appeals to nature are common, however the term is associated with multiple or even oppositional meanings. This article explores the way nature is evoked and references are made to chemicals in relation to both prescribed and herbal mood modifying medicines. Data are drawn from 23 interviews with people who were taking, had been offered or had taken, either or both prescribed and herbal mood modifying medicines. Fifteen of the 23 respondents used the ideas of natural and chemical when discussing their medicine taking decisions. Rather than a dichotomy between prescribed and herbal remedies in relation to the ideas of natural and chemical, the notion of translations, and ideas concerning risk, are suggested as more appropriate for understanding how different treatments are assessed. 10.1177/1363459304041628 Images of nature in relation to mood modifying medicines: a user perspective Fiona Stevenson doi:10.1177/1363459304041628 Health (London), Vol. 8, No. 2. (1 April 2004), pp. 241-262. 2008-03-20T11:25:52-00:00 Health (London) 8 2 241 262 medicine nature public http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2566086 <i>Sociology of Health & Illness, Vol. 14, No. 2. (1992), pp. 233-254.</i><br /><br />This paper draws on empirical evidence from recent survey and qualitative research to develop an analysis of lay perceptions of modem medicine and medical practice. It builds on previous exploratory work and examines lay evaluation of a range of medical procedures which include medicines and drugs; elective surgery; reproductive technology and life saving technology. Overall, there was an ambivalence to modem medicine and the criteria used to evaluate modem medicine included whether it was: life saving or life threatening, quality of life enhancing or diminishing, natural or unnatural, restored independence or created dependence, and whether it was good value for money or not. The theoretical implications of these findings for understanding the structure and nature of lay perceptions are discussed. Images of scientific medicine. Michael Calnan Simon Williams doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11343706 Sociology of Health & Illness, Vol. 14, No. 2. (1992), pp. 233-254. 2008-03-20T11:13:28-00:00 Sociology of Health & Illness 14 2 233 254 images medicine public http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2566043 <i>Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 60, No. 9. (May 2005), pp. 1937-1948.</i><br /><br />There has been a continuing debate about the extent to which the public finds health-care technological innovation acceptable. The public's ambivalence about scientific medicine may have been exacerbated, more recently, by developments such as the introduction of the `new genetics' with their associated ethical and social implications and the claims that public trust in health care and practitioners and, more widely, in society has been eroded. The aim of this paper is to examine public attitudes to a range of innovative health-care technologies to see whether (i) certain technologies are perceived as particularly problematic, and (ii) attitudes to new health-care technologies are associated more broadly with beliefs about science, trust in health care and social trust, and perceptions of the benefits and risks of complementary and alternative medicine versus orthodox (technological) medicine. These questions are examined through a statistical analysis of data collected in a national, postal survey of the adult population (n=1187) in England and Wales. The results showed public ambivalence about new health-care technologies, although genetic technologies, as a whole, were not seen to be problematic and their acceptability depended on their ability to control serious diseases. However, there was a level of consistency in attitude across the different technologies. Those consistently against new health-care technologies were also more likely to be suspicious of science, and doubtful about the benefits of other established, orthodox technologies (screening; medications) and to have less trust in health and health-care practitioners. How acceptable are innovative health-care technologies? A survey of public beliefs and attitudes in England and Wales Michael Calnan David Montaner Rob Horne doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.058 Social Science & Medicine, Vol. 60, No. 9. (May 2005), pp. 1937-1948. 2008-03-20T11:04:41-00:00 Social Science & Medicine 60 9 1937 1948 medicine public quantitative survey http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2562410 <i></i><br /><br />In this paper we explore the role of planning discourse and practice in the social construction of nature through the example of recent debates about the use of planning gain mechanisms to generate environmental 'benefits', such as nature reserves and country parks. This idea gained currency in British planning policy circles in the late 1980s at a time of intense economic and political pressures to release more rural land for development. The significance of 'environmental planning gain' rests, we argue, in its powerfulness as an idea rather than as a practice. As such, it can be seen as a strategic representation of the planning system as a bargaining process and of the 'natural environment' as a 'product' in the land development process. Bargaining with Nature: The Discourse and Practice of 'Environmental Planning Gain' Sarah Whatmore Susan Boucher 2008-03-19T15:37:38-00:00 discourse nature http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2562331 <i>(11 August 1998)</i><br /><br />This book rejects apocalyptic pronouncements that the end of the millennium represents the 'end' of nature as well. <i>Remaking Reality</i> brings together contributors from across the human sciences who argue that a notion of "social nature" provides great hope for the future. Applying a variety of theoretical approaches to social nature, and engaging with debates in politics, science, technology and social movements surrounding race, gender and class, the contributors explore important and emerging sites where nature is now being remade with considerable social and ecological consequences. Remaking Reality: Nature at the Millennium Bruce Braun (11 August 1998) 2008-03-19T15:29:59-00:00 Routledge ant nature social http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2561897 <i>Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS), Vol. 49, No. 3. (1 March 1993), pp. 190-200.</i><br /><br />Field tests with genetically modified organisms go beyond the boundaries of the politically and morally neutralized space that normally surrounds scientific experiments. They enter public areas. As a social process of shaping nature they are political in a fundamental sense. Consequences of this observation concern the legitimacy of decisions and the legitimacy of deciding procedures. The political rights of citizens and their human rights can only be respected if these procedures are democratic. Without a more serious exploration of the specific circumstances of release tests — for example, the precise ecological context, the consequences for the future development of the affected ecosystem, the social consequences, and the possible institutional ways of establishing gene technology in agriculture — we do not really know what we are doing when we release transgenic organisms. Moral judgements today can therefore only be prima facie, not free from shortcomings. As responsible judges we must confess that we are still morally blind. Nature in the laboratory — nature as a laboratory. Considerations about the ethics of release experiments C Rehmann-Sutter doi:10.1007/BF01923526 Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS), Vol. 49, No. 3. (1 March 1993), pp. 190-200. 2008-03-19T14:43:22-00:00 Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) 49 3 190 200 ethics experimentation field nature space http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2549427 <i>(22 February 1999)</i><br /><br />This book critically examines the potential of, and suggests ways forward in, harnessing a versatile and powerful method of research - focus groups. The book challenges some of the emerging orthodoxies and presents accessible, insightful and reflective discussions about the issues around focus group work.</p> <p></p> <p>The contributors, an impressive group of experienced researchers from a range of disciplines and traditions, discuss different ways of designing, conducting and analyzing focus group research. They examine sampling strategies; the implications of combining focus groups with other methods; accessing views of `minority' groups; their contribution to participatory or feminist research; use of software packages; discourse analysis; and the epistemological and political underpinnings of research.</p> <p> Developing Focus Group Research: Politics, Theory and Practice Jenny Kitzinger Rosaline Barbaour (22 February 1999) 2008-03-18T08:40:35-00:00 Sage Publications Ltd groups methodology http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2546774 <i></i> Williams, Annandale and Tritter: The Sociology of Health and Illness at the Turn of the Century 2008-03-17T15:08:55-00:00 health medicine http://www.citeulike.org/user/ricmilne/article/2545944 <i></i> Science and Coca-Cola Thomas Gieryn 2008-03-17T13:32:02-00:00 boundaries sts